（精选）美国文学史复习表格

时期流派作家名代表作作品细节Romanticism1820-1865RomanticismWashingtonIrving(aministerinSpainin1841)TheLifeofGeorgeWashington859Lastwork.publishbeforehisdeath,thefifthvolume.biographyTheLegendofSleepyHollowGothicliterature.ThesetwostoriesarefromTheSketchBook1820,whichtalkedaboutthecharmofEnglishlifeandmanners.PipVanWinkleBracebridgeHallWerealmostaspopularashisfirstgreatsuccess.见闻札记TalesofaTravelerRomanticismJamesFenimoreCooperThefirstgreatAm.Novelist(enteredYaleat13)Cooperhadbeenhastyandcarelessaboutdetails写作时他作品中的女性都是扁平性人物并且都一样，asJamesRussellputit.Precaution1820他本来不会写东西，但出人意料地真的写出了一部小说且出版TheSpy1821HarveyBirch在AmericanRevolution时作为特工的故事ThePilot1823用到了他在海上的经历使他成为anearlycreatorofseastoriesThePioneers1823根据他曾经在frontiersettlement的生活经历创作系列名：TheLeatherstockingSeries,名字来源于theirfrontiersmanhero,NattyBumppo.系列讲述了NattyBumppo从青年到老年的故事，阅读顺序为5,2,4,1,3TheLastoftheMohicans1826ThePrairie1827ThePathfinder1840TheDeerslayer1841FiresidepoetsWilliamCullenBryantThefirstAm.eminentpoet后在NewYorkEveningPost工作Thanatopsis死亡观1817发表在NorthAmericanReview，他父亲投的稿ToaWaterfowl1818做律师养活自己,上班的路上可以看到水鸟.EnglishauthorMatthewArnold:themostperfectbriefpoeminthelanguageFiresidepoetsHenryWadsworthLongfellow第一个获thePoet’sCornerofWestminsterAbbey的美国诗人Evangeline1847他将外国诗的forms引进美国.ThesetwolongnarrativepoemsfollowEuropeanformsbuttreatAmericanlegends.TheSongofHiawatha1855APsalmofLife1838Tellmenot,inmournfulnumbers,Lifeisbutanemptydream!EdgarAllanPoeTheMurdersintheRueMorgueDetectivestoriesinspiredthecreationofSherlockHolmesDarkromanticismHiscontribution:explorationofthedarksideofhumannature,hiscreationofincidentsandsymbolsTheMysteryofMarieRogetThePurloinedLetterTheFalloftheHouseofUsherHisbestgothictalesTheTell-TaleHeartTheCaskofAmontilladoWilliamWilsonThePhilosophyofCompositionAnessay.Itisacriticalreflectionofhispoem“TheRaven”AnnabelLeeItwasmanyandmanyayearago,Inakingdombythesea,Thatamaidentherelivedwhomyoumayknow.TranscendentalismRalphWaldoEmersonLiveinOldManse,inConcord,MassachusettsNatureEssays,reflecthisoptimisticphilosophyTheAmericanScholar---OliverWendellHolmes“ourintellectualDeclarationofIndependence”Self-RelianceTheOver-SoulTheAmericanScholarTranscendentalismHenryDavidThoreauLiveinConcordCivilDisobedienceEssay,来自于acivilprotest梭罗抵制奴隶制拒交税因此入狱AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRiversHisfirstbookabouthisjourneyexperience反响不好DarkromanticismNathanielHawthorneLiveinConcordTheScarletLetter1850Novel,霍桑因为祖先的罪恶而tooktheshameuponhimselfTheMinister’sBlackVeilTwice-ToldTales1837WakefieldYoungGoodmanBrownMossesfromanOldManse1846TheBirthmarkRappaccinni’sDaughterTheHouseoftheStevenGablesAnaccountofanancestralcurseTheBlithedaleRomanceBasedon1840s早期在BrookFarm群居的不幸经历/试验TheMarbleFaun关于“innocent”Americansin“decadentandtreacherous”Italy.HermanMelvilleRedburn1849来源于HisvoyageasacabinboytoLiverpoolDarkromanticism他的作品在出名后很快就被人遗忘，到1920s才重新被发现.MobyDick被很多人认为是美国最好的小说MobyDick1851来源于hisnextvoyagetotheSouthSeasonawhalingshipTypee1846来源：他在MarquesasIslands跳海在食人肉的Typees当难民Omoo1847来源：离开Typee后在Tahiti的经历,leftonanAustralianwhalerWhiteJacket1850ThecrueltyandtyrannyofNavy海军的残暴专政LouisaMayAlcott女Littlewoman1868Thestoryofafamilyofgirlsbasedonherownexperiences.AnOldFashionedGirl1870LittleMen1871HarrietBeecherStowe女UncleTom’sCabin19C卖的最广泛的书册,它将民族注意力引到了奴隶制romanticrealismWaltWhitmanAmerica’sfirstmodernpoetLeavesofGrass第一版在1855,isathinvolumeof12long,untitledpoemsSongofMyselfIcelebratemyself,andsingmyself,AndwhatIassumeyoushall.EmilyDickinson女……RealistTallTalesHisfriend:Howells说他是sole独一的MarkTwain(SamuelLanghorneClemens)Hisnameisatermfromhispilotingdays“twofathomsdeep”or“safewater”Histechnicalaccomplishment:therefinementof“TheCelebratedJumpingFrogOfCalaverasCountry1865Setintheearly1860sinasmallminingtown“Angel’sCamp”inCalifornia.JimSmiley,SimonWheelerRealism1865-1900deadpan”lecturingInnocentsAbroad1869Letters,funnyandsatiric.OldWorldandayoungcountryTheAdventuresofTomSawyer76EstablishedTwainasapopularwriteroffictionAdventuresofHuckleberry76-83Pre-CivilWarMississippiValley.海明威：现代文学都来自这本书LifeonMississippi1883Twain’sexperienceasariverboatpilotAConnecticutYankeeinKingArthur’sCourt1889HankMorgan，19世纪末的技工，回到16世纪的England(KingArthur)，介绍现代“TheGildedAge”,ironicTheTragedyofSetin1830s.女奴把自己有黑人血统的孩子与同一天出生的主人家的白人孩子掉包。种族平等，异化Pudd’nheadWilson1894Wilson:镇上的白人律师TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg(thedarkside)作者后期经历种种苦痛后的作品FenimoreCooper’sLiteraryOffences1895对JamesFenimoreCooper书的抨击Realist&CriticismWilliamDeanHowells(awriterof35novels)微笑的现实主义TheCampaignLifeofAbrahamLincoln1860AbookwhichhelpLincolnelectedandwonHowellstheAmericanConsulateinVeniceCriticismandFiction1891Hisownliterarycredo信条.他对现实主义的拥护AModernInstance1882Hisfirstmajornovel.对社会问题的思考TheRiseofSilasLapham1885论证“fidelitytoexperienceandprobabilityofmotive”AHazardofNewFortunes1898mostpanoramicwork.纽约杂志世界,劳工资本,社会公平PsychologicalrealismThemaster创造了有限视角HenryJames(nevermarried)LeonEdel把他的事业分为三个阶段1..2尝试不同主题和形式3回到世界性的主体(T.S.Eliot:heisinvisibleinhiswork.)ThePortraitofaLady1881(hisfirstperiod)Internationaltheme美国人在欧洲TheJollyCorner1908(hissecondperiod)有心理压力的孩子,受困扰的男女TheWingsoftheDove1902(hislastperiod)returntoInternationaltheme,anewfocusoncharacter’sperceptionsandimpression.运用各种手法pointofview,symbolic,metaphor…TheAmbassador1903TheGoldenBowl1904KateChopin女(刻画女人但不被社会接受)TheAwakening1899一个女人抛弃了丈夫和孩子寻求真正自己的故事TheStoryofanHour讲述作者父亲在她5岁时死于railroadaccidentRealistEdithWharton女Given“theCrossoftheLegionofHonor”inFrance因为她在一战中帮助难民并从美国筹款TheValleyofDecision1902TheHouseofMirth1905EthanFrome1911TheReef1912TheCustomoftheCountry1913Summer1917TheAgeofInnocence1920Best-knownwork.PulitzerPrizeforfiction(firstwoman)悲观的NaturalistStephenCranePenname:JohnstonSmith不喜家庭和学校的约束Maggie:AGirloftheStreets1893FirstnovelHisobservationsofBowerylifeTheRedBadgeofCourage1894AnEpisodeoftheAmericanCivilWar(bestseller1895)TheBlackRidersandOtherLines1895AbookofpoemsNaturalismJackLondon当过水手；生活在来自自己,家庭,朋友的压力之中；出版超过50本书，百万富翁却要还债;自杀WolfLarsenrealizeLondon’sidealofaNietschzian“superman”StoryofaTyphoonofftheCoastofJapan1893HisfirstpublishedstoryThePeopleoftheAbyss1903Recordhisintellectualandpersonalinvolvementinthesocialistmovement.HejoinedtheSocialistLaborPartyinabout1896andresignedfromitin1916.WaroftheClasses1905TheIronHell1908Revolution1910TheCalloftheWild1903Hismostpopularnovels.DramatizehiscommitmenttothelawofsurvivalandthewilltopowerTheSea-Wolf1904MartinEden1909AutobiographicalnovelModernism1900-1945PoettraditionalRobertFrost(4timeswinnerofthePulitzerPrize)StoppingbywoodsonthesnowyeveningInternalconflicts.Essentiallylyrical.Beautifulform,traditionalmeter.TheskepticinmodernAmericanpoetry.FireandiceTheroadnottakenImagistEzraPound(leaderofImagism)CantosInthestationofthemetroTheapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,blackboughImagistWilliamCarlosWilliamsTheredwheelbarrowaredwheelbarrowgazedwithrainbesidethewhitechickensErnestHemingway(Lostgeneration,byGertrudeStein)Inourtime1924(firstnovel)Thesunalsorises1926Hillslikewhiteelephants927Sb:theAmerican,Jig’Spl:Spain,toMadrid,abar,stationAfarewelltoarms1929Forwhomthebelltolls1940Hisfinestnovel.HisexperienceintheSpanishCivilWarTheoldmanandt