中级口译笔试真题

09年春季上海外语口译考试中级口译笔译真题PartA:SpotDictationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearapassageandreadthesamepassagewithblanksinit.Fillineachoftheblankswiththewordorwordsyouhaveheardonthetape.WriteyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.RememberyouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.YoumightthinkthathamburgerswereinventedintheUnitedStates,butthatisnottotallytrue.These(1),orpatties,actuallycamefromGermanyinthemiddleofthenineteenthcentury.TheywerebroughttotheUnitedStatesby(2)whocamefromthecityofHamburg.Thatiswhy(3)was"hamburgersteak'However,peopleinotherplace(4)that'theyinventedthehamburger.Perhapswe'llneverhavea(5).thethere'snoquestionthatthehamburgerwasa(6).WhyPerhapsbecauseatthattime,industrywasgrowingandakindoffoodwasneed(7)forworkers.Thehamburgerbecameevenmorepopular(8)whenthefirstchainoffastfoodrestaurantswasstarted.Thischainwascalled“WhiteCastle”.Itservedtinyhamburgersthatwersoldforonly(9).Then,inthe1930stherecamethe(10)wherecustomerswereservedintheircarsbywaitersinuniform.Andthehumburgerwasoneofthemost(11).Bynow,Thehamburgerwasreadyto(12)theworld.AndthishappenedwithMcDonald’whichwasactuallya(13)atfirst.Butbytheearly1950sthehotdogwasreplacedbythehamburger.McDonald’asndotherfastfoodrestaurants(14)aroundtheworldthroughouttherestofthetwentiethcentury.McDonald’salonehas(15)foreveryonepersonintheworld.Theimportanceofthehamburgerto(16)remainssignificant.About(17)ofallsandwichesthatareeatenarehamburgers.Accordingtosomesources,(18)ofcurrentworkersintheUnitedStateshadtheirfirstjobatMcDonald’s.Butthefaceofthehamburgerischanging(19).Nowadaysitispossibletobuyachickenburger,aturkeyburger,(20),orveggieburger.PartB:ListeningComprehension1.StatementsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshortstatements.ThesestatementswillbespokenONLYONCEandyouwillnotfindthemwrittenonthepaper,soyoumustlistencarefully.Whenyouhearastatement,readtheanswerchoicesanddecidewhichoneisclosestinmeaningtothestatementyouhaveheard.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSERBOOKLET.l.(A)Weweremetbytheheadofthecompanyattheairport.WehawMrs.Joneswasthepresidentofthecompany,.Mrs.Jonesusedtobethesecretaryofthecompany(D)Mrs.Jonescametoseeusoffattheairport.,2.(A)Theboardofdirectorsaskedaboutthechanges.Theboard'ofdirectorsdecidedtoinvestmoreontheproject.Theboardofdirectorsapprovedtherevisions.Theboardofdirectorscouldnotunderstandherexplanation.(A)Manyuniversitystudentsprefersoftdrinkstofreshfruits.Mostofthemarefirst-or-secondyearcollegestudentsAnumberofcollegestudentsrefusetodisclosetheiridentitiesNotmanystudentsareinterestedinourresearchprojects.(A)WedecidedtosellthecarwhentheoilPricesrose.Weshouldnotdelaysolvingtheproblemofoilprices.Wewereatalossastowhethertobuythatexpensivecarornot.Wedidn'tbuyacarbecauseofthefloatingoilprices.(A)Mostofthemarefromlow-incomebelies.Mostofthemareinfavorofataxcut.IknowtheCongresswillvetothetaxreform.IproposethetaxreformbedebatedintheCongress.(A)Effectiveselfmanagementskillsarekeytoacademicandcareersuccess.Ifyouspendalotoftimeonyourschoolwork,youwillbecomeagoodmanagerlaterSchoolworkcanbetime-consumingandislikelytomakeyoufeelexhaustedafterclass.Goodmanagementcallsformoretimeandenergyonthepartoftheacademicstaff(A)Mr.PaulWhitehasjustbeenfired.Mr.PaulWhitehasforgottenthewoman'sname.Mr.PaulWhiteislookingforajob.Mr.PaulWhitehasthewomanPromoted.(A)IshallgiveyouadiscountThecrisisisaffectingtheWholeworld.IshallcomeinmySundaybest.Thepriceisstilltoohigh.(A)Hefinishedthenegotiationinthreedays.Hewasonabusinesstriptendaysago.Histoughnesscosthimthreemoredays.Hisbusinesstriplastedthirteendays.(A)Wearesurethatourchildrenwillbecomepositivemembersofthechangingsociety.Childrenwithselfesteemcanmakepositiveadjustmentandachievecareersuccess.PersonalgoalscanbereachedwiththehelpofparentswhoarecompetentmembersofthesocietyParentswithconfidencewilladaptthemselvestothechangesandaccomplishpersonalgoals.2.TalksandConversationsDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhearseveralshorttalksandconversations.Aftereachofthese,youwillhearafterquestions.ListencarefullybecauseyouwillhearthetalkorconversationandquestionsONLYONCEwhenyouhearaquestion,readthefouranswerchoicesandchoosethebestanswertothatquestion.ThenwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Question811--14l1.(A)TheproductswereallmadefromfreshvegetablesandfruitsThehomemadeproductswereactuallymadeinthefactoryThefactorywasequippedwiththemostsophisticatedmachinery(D)Therewerehomemadefreshvegetablesandfruitsinthefactoryl2.(A)Youarespecial.(B)Youarenatural.(C)Youarestupid.(D)Youaredumb(A)Tobetterexplainhowtousethatproduct.Tohelpreducethepromotioncostofthatproduct.Toinducemorefamouspeopletousethatproduct.TogetTVviewerstorememberthatproduct.(A)Beeasilyaffectedbyotherproducts.Beawareofthesamekindofproduct.Sticktothatparticularproduct.-Strikeabargainforotherproducts.Questions15--18(A)Aflightovertimezones.(B)Alossofone'scharacters.(C)Asymptomoflegproblems.(D)Aconditionofsleepdisorders.(A)Sixhours.(B)Sevenhours.(C)Eighthours(D)Ninehours.(A)Avoidjunkfood,saltyfoods,caffeineandalcohol.DrinkaslittlewateraspossiblebetweenmealsTakedrinkswithlessSugar,carbonationorcaffeineAlwayshaveotherfluidontheplane.(A)Sleepassoonaspossible.Napevenduringdaytime.Getagoodnight'ssleep.Relaxyourselfinacafe.Questions19--22(A)Heisoverweight.(B)Heisseriouslyill(C)Heisdownwithcold.(D)Heishaleandhearty(A)Two(B)Ten.(C)twenty(D)Thirty(A)Itisthebest(B)Itisnutritious.(C)Itisnotenough(D)Itisnohealthy.(A)themanisaheavysmokerThemanisrathershort.'ThemandrivesacarThemanworkswithacomputer.''Questions23--26(A)ChainmanoftheAfricanClub.ChainmanoftheInternationalClub.ChainmanoftheIrishClub.ChainmanoftheFolkMusicClub.(A)Onceaweek(B)Onceamonth(C)Onceasemester(D)Onceayear(A)Theminutesofthelastmeeting.Thetreasurer'sreport.TheScottishandIrishFolkDances.TheInternationalDisplayWeek.(A)tohelpthestudentsfromthesamecountriesovercometheirhomesicknessandotherproblems.Tosetupboothsdecoratedwithpicturesandthingsofinterestintherespectivecountries.Torecruitanyonewhocansewtohelpmakecostumessothateveryclubmembercanweartheirnationalcostume.ToteachtheAmericanstudentsScottishandIrishfolkdancesduringthespecialevenofthedisplay.Que8tions27--30(A)InBath(B)InLondon.(C)InYork(D)Inthesuburbs.(A)Studentsliveinhallsresidencearoundtheuniversitybuildings.StudentsareencouragedtoconducttheirindependentresearchprojectStudentsfirstliveinhallsofresidenceandthenareallowedtomoveout.Studentscansharethecommonroomswithfacultymembers.(A)Shecouldn'tfindaroomintheresidentialhall.Shecouldsavemoneytopayforherstudies.Shecouldmixwellwiththelocalpeople.Shecouldliveinacomfortablehouse.(A)Givehersomeadviceonhowtostrikeabargain.IntroducehertothelocalpeopleHelpherwiththevolunteerwork.ShowheraroundtheancientcathedralcityPartC:ListeningandTranslationSentenceTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear5sentencesinEnglish.YouwillhearthesentencesONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachsentence,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.(5)PassageTranslationDirections:Inthispartofthetest,youwillhear2passagesinEnglish.YouwillhearthepassageONLYONCE.Afteryouhaveheardeachpassage,translateitintoChineseandwriteyourversioninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Youmaytakenoteswhileyouarelistening.SECTION2:STUDYSKILLS(45minutes)Directions:Inthissection,youwiIlreadseveralpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsbasedonitscontent.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,(A),(B),(C)or(D),toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.Questions1--5Icameacrossanoldcountryguidetheotherlistedallthetradesmenineachvillageinmypartofthecountry,anditwasimpressivetoseethegreatvarietyofserviceswhichwereavailableonone'sowndoorstepinthelateVictoriancountryside.NowadaysasuperficialtravelerinruralEng1andmightconcludethattheonlyvillagetradesmenstillflourishingwereeithersellingfrozenfoodtotheinhabitantsorsellingantiquestovisitors.Nevertheless,thiswouldreallybeafalseimpression.Admittedlytherehasbeenacontractionofvillagecommerce,bulitsvigorisstillremarkable.Ourlocalgrocer'sshop,forexample,isactuallyexpandinginspiteofthecompetitionfromsupermarketsinthenearesttown.Womensensiblyprefertogothereandexchangethelocalnewswhi1edoingtheirshopping,insteadofqueueingupanonymouslyatasupermarket.Andtheproprietorknowswellthatpersona1servicehasasubstantialcashvalue.HisPricesmaybeabithigherthanthoseinthetown,buhewilldeliveranythingatanytime.Hisassistantsthinknothingofbicyclingdownthevillagestreetintheirlunchhourtotakeapieceofcheesetoanoldagepensionerwhosentherorderbywordofmouthwithafriendwhohappenedtobepassing.Themoreaffluentcustomerstelephonetheirshoppinglistsandthegoodsareontheirdoorstepswithinanhaveonlytohintatafancyforsomecommodityoutsidetheusualstockandthegrocerared-facedfigure,instantlyobtainsitforthem..Thevillagegainsfromthissortofenterprise,ofcourse.ButIalsofinditsatisfactorybecauseavillageshopoffersoneofthefewwaysinwhichamodestindividualistcanstillgetalongintheworldwithoutattachinghimselftothebigbattalionsofindustryorcommerce.MostofthevillageshopkeepersIknow,atanyrate,aredecidedlyindividualistintheirways.Forexample,ourshoemakerisaformidablefigure:athick-set,irritablemanwhomchildrentreatwithmarkedrespect,knowingthatanill-judgedwordcanprovokeanangryeruptionatanytime.Hestareswithcontemptatthepairsofcheap,mass-producedshoestakentohimforrepair:hasitcometothis,heseemstobesaying,thathe,acraftsman,shouldhavetowastehisskillsuponsuchtrashButweallknowhewillinfactdoexcellentworkuponhemakesbeautifulshoesforthosewhocanaffordsuchluxury.servicesavailableinvillagesnowadaysarenormally.fewerbutstillveryactivelesssuccessfulthanearlierbutmanagingtosurviveactiveinprovidingfoodforthevillageandtouristssurprisinglyenergeticconsideringthelittledemandforthemlocalgrocer’sshopisexpandingeventhough.__townshopsaremoreattractivetownshopsarelargerandlesswell-knownpeopleliketoshopwheretheyarelesswell-knownpeoplegetextraserviceintownshopsdothevillagegrocer’sassistantsfeelaboutdeliveringgoods(A)Theytendtoforgetit.(B)Theywillnotconsiderit.(C)Theytakeitforgranted.(D)Itdoesnotseemworththeirwhileaspectofpersonalserviceavailableinthevillageshopisthat.thereisawiderangeofgoosavailablegoodsnotinstockcanbeobtainedwhenevertheyareneededspecialattentionisgiventotheneedsofwealthiercustomersgoodsarealwaysrestockedbeforetheyrunoutwhatwayisthevillageshoemakera“formidablefigure”Heseemstopaylittleattentiontopublicopinion.Herefusestomendcheap,mass-producedshoes.Hehasaveryroughtemper.Hehasveryhighstandardsofworkmanship.Questions6--10DriversontheBasingstokeby-passusedtohavetheirattentiondivertedbyasignthatread—AMOMENT'SINATTENTIONCAUSESACCIDENTS.Thisself-defeatingwarninghasnowbeenremoved,butitsmessageisstillverymuchtothepoint.Almostanytingcancauseanaccident.Apartfrommomentaryinattention,itmightbeaminormiscalculation,asuddenfitofcoughing,abopontheheadwithateddy-bearfromachildinthebackseat,anargumentwiththewife,fog,fallingasleepatthewheel,badeyesight,aglaringsun,ice,rain,wind,orsnow—a1lthesecanmakethedifferencebetweenatragichitandaluckymiss.Althoughhumanerrorplaysitspart,itisbynomeanstheonlycauseofaccidends.Theremustbesomecauseotherthansimplehumanerror.Roadconstructionplaysitspart:researchershavefoundthatitisnotattheobviousdangerspot—sharpcorners,cross-roads,narrowlanes—thataccidentshappen.Itisonthoseroadswheretherearesubtlevisualtraps,unexpectedchangesintheshapeorsurfaceofthe.road,oreveninsufficientorbadly-placedsigns.Whereverthereisa'blackspot',itmeansthatsomethingisseriouslywrongwiththeroad.WhyelsedidthecarelessdrivingofsomanycomeoutatthatparticularspotWhatthelawrequireswhenyouhaveanaccidentThereare,firstlythelegalformalitiesofexchangingnamesandaddresseswithothersinvolvedinanaccidentand,incertaincases,informingthe,youarerequiredbylawtostopafteranaccidentonlyif:lSomebodyotherthanyourselfinoroutsideyourcarhasbeeninjured.Avehiclenotyourownhasbeendamaged.Anyhorse,cow,donkey,sheep,ordoghasbeeninjured.Ithasbeensaidthatifadrivercontinuesunawareofcausinginjuryhemustbeacquitted.Butthecourtsarewaryofthatexcuse.Furthermore,thedriverhimselfmustwaitatthescene;itisnotenoughforhimtoleavehischauffeurorafriendtoattendtotheboringformalitieswhilehegoesoffonmoreimportantbusiness.Ifyouhavebeeninvolvedinanaccidentandhavestopped,youmustgiveyourname,address,andregistrationnumbertoanyonewhohasagoodreasonforrequestingit;thismeansanyoneaffectedbytheaccident.Iftheseformalitiesarecompliedwithitisnotnecessarytowaitforthearrivalofthepolice.Itis,however,oftenwisetodoso.Thepoliceareexpertatdrawingplans,takingmeasurementsandphotographsandgatheringotherevidence.Inyourabsencethepolicecouldbegivenabiasedstoryagainstyou;andyouyourselfmighwamtopointoutcertainfeaturesoftheaccidenttothepolice.AMOMENT'SINATTENTIONCAUSESACCIDENTS'(para.l)isaselfdefeatingWarningbecause.itwillmakeadriverwaitatthesceneitwilldistractthedriver'sattentionitistoodifficulttounderstanditistoolongtobereadbydriversAccordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueAfteranaccidentyouhavetogiveyournametoanyonewhoasksforit.DriversontheBasingstokeby-passusedtoignorethesign.Roadconstructionproblemscanbeamajorcauseofaccidents.A'blackspot'isapartoftheroadwheretherearenosigns.'Subtlevisualtraps'are.placeswherethepolicehideinordertotrapmotoristspartsoftheroadwhicharedeceptivetothedriver'seyedangerspotssuchassharpcornersandcross-roads(D)placeswheretherearemanroad-signsAsrequiredbythelaw,youmuststopafteranaccident,if.youhavebeeninjuredbysomebody.yourcarhasbeendamaged.youhaveinjuredsomebodyelseyouhavewitnessedtheaccidentl0.Afteranaccidentitisrecommendedthatyouwaitforthepolicebecause.itisagainstthelawtodriveofftheyhavetoexamineyourlicenceandinsurancecertificatetheyhavetonotothepositionofyourcarsomebodymaygivethemafalseaccountoftheaccidentQuestions11--15Justaswordoilscarcityisalreadycausingintemationalconflicts,sowillthescarcityofwaterreachapointwherewarswillbreakout.Thestatisticsonwaterarealreadyscary.Alreadywelloverlbillionpeoplesufferfromwatershortagesand30countriesgetmorethanathirdoftheirwaterfromoutsidetheirborders—anobvioussourceofdisputesandinstabilityespeciallyastheclimatechanges.Thewholeofthesub-SaharanAfrica,mostofSouthAsiaandwesternSouthAmericaaremostatrisk.Thereason:therapidmeltingofglaciersduetoglobalwarning.Atthemeetingofthecoalitionof27Intemaionalcharitieslastmonth,GarethThomas,ministerofIntenatonalDevelopmentoftheBritishgovernment,wrotetoprimeministerGordonBrowndemandingactiontoensurefreshwatertobillionpeoplewithpoorsupplies."Ifwedonotactnow,therealityisthatwatersuppliesmaybecomethesubjectofinternationalconflictintheyearsahead.Weneedtoinvestnowtopreventushavingtopaythatpriceinthefuture",Thomassaid.Thedepartmentwarnedthattwo-thirdsoftheword'spopulationwillliveinwater-stressedcountriesby2025.Thecoalitionofcharitieshasappealedforaglobalefforttobringrunningwatertothedevelopingworldandsupplysanitationtoafurtherbillionpeople.Itsaidthatinternationalinvestmentisneedednowtopreventcompetitionforwatertodestabilizecommunitiesandescalateintoconflicts.TacklingthewaterandsanitationcrisisisessentialiftheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalCalltoActionistobeasuccess.Otherwise,progressonhealth,education,andenvironmentsustainabilitywillbeundermined.Eachyear443millionschooldaysarelostgloballytodiarrheaandmillionchildrendiefromthesediseases.Infact,itisoftennotrealizedthainvestinginsanitationandwaterbrillgsthegreatestpublichealthgains,morethananyothersingledevelopmentinterventionanddeliversenormouseconomic,someAsiancountrieshaveputtacklingtheseissuesattheforefrontoftheirdevelopmentefforts.TheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsaimtohalvetheproportionofpeoplewithoutaccesstosafedrinkingwaterby20l5.Toachievethaturgentactionneedstobetaken.Thereisnodoubtthatclimatechangeispotentiallythemostimportantfactoraffectingwatershortage.This,compoundedwithagrowingandincreasinglyurbanizedglobalpopulationwillputpressureonfoodandatemperatureriseof2°C,whichislikelytohappenby2050,therewouldbeacatastrophic2to3billionpeoplesufferingfromwaterstress.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisprimarilyresponsibleforwatershortagesintheworld(A)Climatechance.(B)Borderdispute.(C)Worldcompetition.(D)PoliticalinstabilityAccordingtoGarethThomas,isthepricewehavetopayforwatershortageifwedonottakeimmediateaction.(A)sanitationcrisis(B)intemationalconflict(C)globalwarming(D)over-urbanizationWhatcanthecoalitionofcharitiesdotopreventcompetitionforwaterAppealingforinternationalinvestment.Bringingrunningwatertothedevelopingworld.Supplyingsanitationtobillionsofwater-stressedpeople.EnhancingworldenvironmentsustainabilityTheMillenniumDevelopmentGoalsaimtointhenearfuture.tacklethewaterandsanitationcrisisyieldeconomicgainsaswellaspublichealthgainsmakprogressonhealth,educationandenvironmentsustainabilityprovidemorepeoplewithcleandrinkingwaterAccordingtothepassage,whatwilladdtowatershortageOilscarcity.AdropintemperatureAgrowingpopulation.ReducedfoodsupplyQuestionsParentingwasneverapieceofcakeinanyage,butprobablythegreatestsourceofheadacheforparentstodayinJapanistheubiquitouscellphone.Today,96percentofseniorhighschoolstudentsand58percentofjuniorhighschoolstudentshavecellphones.Evenamongprimaryschoolchildren,3lpercenthavethem.Byenablingyoungsterstostayconnectedwiththeirparentsatalltimes,thesegadgetshelptokeepchildrensafe.Forthekids,theyarefuntoys,too,thatletthemtexttoorchatwiththeirpalswhenevertheywat,playIntemetgames,andenjoybloggingfortheirownprofileanddiarypurposes.Butterribledangerslurkbeneathallthatfunandconvenience.Everyyearaboutl,000childrenbecomeinvolvedinrapeandothercrimesthroughdatingservicesites.Violentandobsceneimagesareonlyacoupleofclicksaway.Ongakkourasaito,orso-calledunofficialschoolwebsiteswherekidscanpostwhatevertheywant,anyonecanfallvictimtobrutal''verbalmoblynching"bytheirpeers.Amidtoday'surgentneedtoaddresstheseproblems,thegovernment’MseetingonEducationRebuildinghasissuedareport.InresponsetothePrimeMinister'srecentcomments---“Icarmotthinkofonegoodreasonfor(lettingyoungsters)haveacellphone"and"Iwouldlikeeveryonetodiscusswhethercellphonesarereallynecessary:"thereportrecommendedthat"parents,guardians,schoolsandallpartiesconcernedshouldcooperateamongthemselves,sothatelementaryschoolpupilsandjuniorhighschoolstudentsdonothaveacellphoneunlessthereisacompellingreasonforthemtodoso."Butsincemanyparentsbelieveinthenecessityofcellphonesasasafetytool,itisunrealistictoexpecteveryonetodoawaywiththem.Rather,itwouldmakemoresenseforguardians,schoolsandcellphonecompaniestoconsider,fromtheirrespectivestandpoints,howcellphonesshouldbeusedbychildren.Wesuggestthatparentssitdownwiththeiroffspringandtalkabouttheir“houserulescellphoneuse.Forinstance,sctthehoursallowed,sothekidswon'tbetextingtotheirfriendslateintothenight,remindthemnevertogiveawaypersonalinformationonline,andsoon..Buttherearelimitstowhatindividualfamiliescando,andthisiswherewealsosuggestthatschoolsshouldeducatetheirpupilsonthedangersofcellphoneuse.Onewaytogoaboutthis,forinstance,maybeforeachclasstosetitsownrulesonsendinge-mailmessages.Theword"ubiquitous"(para.l)isclosestinmeaningto.(A)updated(B)sophisticated(C)prevalent(D)obsoleteManyparentslettheirkidshavecellphonesbecausethey.wanttheirkidstokeepupwiththeITWorldcan'tthinkofanythingbetterfortheirkidstohavefundon'twanttheirkidstomiss'whatotherkidshavebelievecellphonesendblethemtostayconnectedWhichofthefollowingisNOTthepotentialriskkidsmayfacewhenusingcellphonesInvolvementinrape-relatedcrimeExposuretoviolentandobsceneimagesFallingvictimtobrutalcurses.Beingtrackeddownbyunofficialschoolwebsites.Thereportissuedbythegovernment’sMeetingonEducationRebuilding.recommendedminimizingtheuseofcellphonesamongkidssuggestedsetting“houserules”forcellphoneuseurgedparentstoremindtheirchildrenaboutce1lphoneusepressedschoolstoeducatetheirpupilsonthedangersofcellphoneuseWhatisthemainideaofthepassageParentsneglecttoprotecttheirkidsfromcellphones.Parentingwithcellphonesisasourceofheadache.Cellphonesshouldbebannedfromcampus.KidsneedlessonsontheusesofcellphonesQuestion21--25ExtractIAstylishdiningroomwithcreamwallsandcurtainsandblackcarpetasperfectfoiltoaneclecticarrayoffurniture.Manyofthepiecesareclassicsoftheirparticularera,anddemonstratehowoldandnewdesignscanbehappilymixedtogetherThcprototypechairintheforegroundhasyettoproveitsstayingpowerandwasthoughtupbytheflat'soccupant.HeispicturedinhislivingroomwhichhasthesamedecorativethemeandislinkedtothediningroombyahighMedieval-styledarchwaywherewasoncearedundantanduninspiringfireplace.Extract2Oldbathroomsoftencontainagreatdealofuglypipeworkinneedofdisguising.Thiscaneitherbedonebyboxingintheexposedpipes,orbyfittingwoodpanelingoverthem.Aswoodpanelingcanbesecuredoveralmostanyting---includingoidceramictilesandchippedwalls---isaneffectivewayofdisguisingpipeworkaswellasbeinganattractiveformofdecoration.Thepanelingcanbevertical,horizontalordiagonal.Analternativewaytoapproachtheproblemofexposedpipesistoactuallymakethemafeatureoftheroombypickingthepipeworkoutinbrightstrongcolours.Extract3Cookingtakessecondplaceinthischarmingroomwhich,withitsdeeparmchairs,ismoreofasittingroomthanakitohen,andth6ntwRaybUmstoveasagoodchoice,asitblendsinwellwiththeoldbrickandbeamedfireplace.Therearenofittedunitsorbuilt-inappliances,soallfoodpreparationisdoneatthebigfarmbousetableintheforeground;andthechina,potsandpanshavebeendeliberatelyleftonshowtomakeanattractivedisplay.WhataboutthekitchensinkIt'shiddenawaybehindanarchwaywhichleadsintoasmallscullery.Herethere'sasecondcookerand---inthebestfarmhousetradition---ahugewalk-inlarderforallfoodstorage.WhyisthecolourofthecarpetdescribedinExtractlaparticularadvantage(A)Itlivensupthecolourinanotherwisedullroom.Itprovidesacontrasttothefurniture.Itblendsinwiththetonesofthefurniture.Itgivestheroomaclassicalstyle.WhatisthepurposeofthearchwaydescribedinExtract1Tohideanunattractivefireplace.Togivetheroomanexoticeastemstyle.TojointhediningroomwiththesittingroomTomakeroomfortheunusualseatingarrangements.Extract2isprobablytakenfrom.anarchitect'sblueprintaplumber’smanualahomerenovationmagazineanadvertisementfornewbathroomsExtracts2and3dealwith.oldandclassicfurnitureattractivecolourschemescheapimprovementschemeshomedecorationComparedwithExtractltheroomdescribedinExtract3appearsto.bemorecomfortablebemorecolourfulcontainmorefurnitureposspssagreatervarietyofstyleQuestions26--30,.Largepartsoftheworldhavenotenjoyedtheremarkaleglobalprogressinhealthconditionsthathavetakenplaceoverthepastcentury.Indeed,millionsofdeathsinimpoverishednationsareavoidablewithpreventionandtreatmentoptionsthattherichworldalreadyuses.Thisyear,l0millionchildrenwilldieinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Ifchilddeathrateswerethesameasthoseindevelopedcountriesthisfiguerwouldbelowerthan1million.Conversely,ifchilddeathrateswerethoseofrichcountriesjust100yearsago,thefigurewouldbe30million.Today'stoolsforimprovinghealtharesopowerfulandinexpensivethathealthconditionscouldbereasonablygoodeveninpoorcountriesifpolicymakersspentevenrelativelylittleintherightplaces.RecentresearchfortheCopeghagenConsensusidenifiesseveralhighlycost-effectiveoptionsthatwouldtacklesomeoftheplanet'smosturgenthealthproblems.Themostpromisinginvestmentisintuberculosistreatment.Some90percentofthemilliontuberculosisdeathsin2003occurredinlow-andmiddle-incomecountries.Becausetuberculosisaffectsworking-agepeople,itcanbeatriggerofhouseholdpoverty.Thecomerstoneofcontrolisprompttreatmentusingfirst-linedrugs,whichdoesn'trequireasophisticatedhealthsystem.Spending$lbillionontuberculosistreatmentinayearwouldsavelmillionlives.Becausegoodhealthaccompanieshigherlevelsofnationaleconomicwelfareinthelongrun,theeconomicbenefitsareworth$30billion.Thesecondmostcost-effectiveinvestmentistacklinghewtdisease.Heartdiseasemighnotseemlikeapressingissueforpoornations,butitrepresentsmorethanaquarteroftheirdeathtoll.Measurestoreduceriskfactorsotherthansmoking--highintakeorsaturatedanimalfat,obesity,bingedrinkingofalcohol,physicalinactivity,andlowfruitandvegetableconsumption-havehadlittlesuccess.Treatingacuteheartattackswithinexpensivedrugsis,however,cost-effective.Spending$200millioncouldavertseveralhundredthousanddeaths,yieldingbenefitsthatare25timeshigherthancosts.Thethirdoptionispreventionandtreatmentofmalaria.Abilliondollarswouldexpandtheprovisionofinsecticide-treatedbed-netsandfacilitateprovisionofhighlyeffectiv