高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解(含答案)100

高考英语二模试卷分类汇编阅读理解（含答案）100一、高中英语阅读理解.阅读理解Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.TheresultsshowthatwhileSwedeswerethetallestpeopleintheworldin1914,Dutchmenhaverisenfrom12thplacetoclaimtopspotwithanaverageheightof182.5cm.Latvianwomen,meanwhile,rosefrom28thplacein1914tobecomethetallestintheworldacenturylater,withanaverageheightof169.8cm.JamesBentham,aco-authoroftheresearchfromImperialCollege,London,saystheglobaltrendislikelytobeduetoimprovementsinnutritionandhealthcare."Anindividual'sgeneticshasabiginfluenceontheirheight,butonceyouaverageoverwholepopulations,geneticsplaysalesskeyrole,"headded.Alittleextraheightbringsanumberofadvantages,saysElioRiboliofImperialCollege."Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy,"hesaid."Thisislargelyduetoalowerriskofdyingofcardiovascular(心血管的)diseaseamongtallerpeople."Butwhileheighthasincreasedaroundtheworld,thetrendinmanyAfricancountriescausesconcern,saysRiboli.WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury,thetrendhasreversedinrecentyears,withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds."Onereasonforthesedecreasesinheightistheeconomicsituationinthe1980s,"saidAlexanderMoradioftheUniversityofSussex.Thenutritionalandhealthcrisesthatfollowedthepolicyofstructuraladjustment,hesays,ledtomanychildrenandteenagersfailingtoreachtheirfullpotential(潜力)intermsofheight.Benthambelievestheglobaltrendofincreasingheighthasimportantimplications"Howtallwearenowisstronglyinfluencedbytheenvironmentwegrewupin,"hesaid."Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.")Whatdoestheglobalstudytellusaboutpeople'sheightinthelastcentury?Theincreaseinpeople'sheighthasbeenquickening.Theincreaseinwomen'sheightisbiggerthaninmen's.Thereisaremarkabledifferenceacrosscontinents.Therehasbeenanoticeableincreaseinmostcountries.WhatdoesElioRibolisayabouttallerpeople?A.Theyenjoyaneasierlife. B.Theytendtolivelonger.C.Theyriskfewerdeadlydiseases. D.Theyhavegreaterexpectationsinlife.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"reversed"inParagraph5mean?A.Sloweddown.B.Goneupwards.C.Changedtothecontrary.D.Cometolifeagain.WhatdoesJamesBenthamsuggestwedo?Ensurechildren'spropernutritionandhealthcare.Improvetheeconomicsituationofsomecountries.Watchtheglobaltrendofincreasingheightclosely.Attachgreatimportancetoenvironmentalprotection.【答案】 （1）DBCA【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，全球研究调查了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。全球身高增长的趋势有着重要的影响。我们现在的身高很大程度上受到我们成长环境的影响。如果我们现在给孩子们最好的人生开端，他们在未来几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。作者建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 ”Peoplehavegrowntalleroverthelastcentury,withSouthKoreanwomenshootingupbymorethan20cmonaverage,andIranianmengaining16.5cm.Aglobalstudylookedattheaverageheightof18-year-oldsin200countriesbetween1914and2014.在过去的一个世纪里，人们的身高不断增长，韩国女性的平均身高增加了“20厘米以上，伊朗男性的平均身高增加了 16.5厘米。一项全球研究调查了 1914年至2014年间200个国家18岁青年的平均身高。 "可知，这项全球研究调查了 1914年到2014年200个国家18岁年轻人的平均身高，得出了上个世纪人们平均身高增长了的结论。故选D。TOC\o"1-5"\h\z（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的”Beingtallerisassociatedwithlongerlifeexpectancy可知，身材更高的人平均寿命更长。故选“ B。（3）考查词义猜测。根据第五段中的 ”WhileheightincreasedinUgandaandNigerduringtheearly20thcentury而在“20世纪早期，乌干达和尼日尔的身高有所增加；以及 ”withheightdecreasingamong18-year-olds.在“18岁的人群中，随着身高的下降。可知， reversed的意思是"反转 "。故选 C。（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 ”Ifwegivechildrenthebestpossiblestartinlifenow,theywillbehealthierandmoreproductivefordecadestocome.如果我们现在给孩子们最好的“人生开端，他们在未来的几十年里会更健康，更年富力强。可知，他建议我们要确保孩子们的营养和医疗保健。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。阅读理解Lastweek,VodafonestartedatestoftheUK'sfirstfull5Gservice,availableforusebybusinessesinSalford.ItispartofitsplantotrialthetechnologyinsevenUKcities.Butwhatcanweexpectfromthenextgenerationofmobiletechnology?Onethingwewillseeinthepreparationforthetestislotsoftrickswiththenewtech.Earlierthisyear,operatorspaidalmost £1.4billionforthe5Gwavelengths,andtocompensateforthatcash,theywillneedtocatchtheeyeofconsumers.InSeptember,VodafoneuseditsbitoftherangetodisplaytheUK'sfirsthologram（全息）call.TheManchesterCitycaptainStephHoughtonappearedasaholograminNewbury.Itisn'tallholograms,however:5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom(英国通讯管理局)suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.Thewiderapplicationistosupportconnectedequipmentonthe"internetofthings"-notjusttheinternet-enabledfridgethatcanreorderyourmilkforyou,butthenetworkthatwillenabledriverlesscarsanddeliverydrones(无人机)tocommunicatewitheachother.ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.Obviously,5Gwillalsobringacosttoconsumers.Itrequiresahandsetforboth5Gand4G,andthefirst5G-enabledsmartphonesareexpectedinthecomingyear.Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.WhydoesProfWilliamWebbsay"thetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes"?Heisinfavoroftheapplicationofthenewtechnology.5Gwillbringacosttoconsumersintheirdailylife.5Ghelpspeoplecommunicatebetterwitheachother.Heprefersmoremoneytobespenton4Gnetworks.Theunderlinedword"addressing"inthefourthparagraphhastheclosestmeaningto.A.makingaspeechtoB.tryingtosolveC.managingtodecreaseD.respondingto(3)Thelastparagraphindicatesthat.it'lltakeseveralyears.tomake5GaccessibletothepublicintheUK5Gserviceshowshugedevelopmentpotentialandabroadmarketcustomersareeagertouse5Gsmartphonesinsteadof4Gonesit'sprobablethat5GnetworkrolloutisspeedingupinBritainWhatdoweknowaboutthetext?Vodafoneissuccessfulinspreadingthe5Gservice.StephHoughtonappearedasahologramby4G.Theapplicationof5Gwillmakelifemucheasier.5GphonesareavailableinruralareasoftheUK.【答案】(1)D⑵BAC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是 4G向5G的转变。5G会给人们带来更多的好处，使人们的生活更加舒适。(1)细节理解题。根据第四段中ProfWilliamWebbhaswarnedthatthetechnologycouldbeacaseoftheemperor'snewclothes.Muchofthespeedincrease,heclaims,couldhavebeenachievedbyputtingmoremoneyinthe4Gnetwork,ratherthananewtechnology.可知，ProfWilliamWebb说“这项技术可能是皇帝新衣的一个例子 ”是因为他更愿意把更多的钱花在 4G网络上。故选 D。（2）词义猜测题。根据第四段中 OtherdifferentvoiceshavesuggestedthatafocusonrollingoutwiderruralbroadbandaccessandaddressingcurrentnetworkcoveragewouldbemorebeneficialtotheUKasawhole.其他不同的声音表示，集中精力推广更广泛的农村宽带接“入，解决目前的网络覆盖问题，将对整个英国更有利。 ”由此推知划线词的意思是 “试图解TOC\o"1-5"\h\z决”。故选 B。（3）推理判断题。根据最后一段 Withtheslowpaceofnetworkrolloutsofar,itislikelythatconsumerswillendupupgradingtoanew5Gphonewellbefore5Gbecomeswidelyavailableinthenextcoupleofyears.可知，最后一段指出，让5G在英国向公众开放需要几年的时间。故选 A。（4）推理判断题。根据第二段中 5Gwillofferfasterinternetaccess,withOfcom（英国通讯管理局）suggestingthatvideothattakesaminutetodownloadon4Gwillbeavailableinjustasecond.可知，5G的应用将使生活变得更容易。故选 C。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。阅读理解AfamousAnglicanChurchstandsinaquietcornerofDunedininNewZealand'sSouthIsland.Builtin1865,itisthecity'soldestchurchstillinuse.Countlesscoupleshavegatheredheretomarry.It'swheremorningtearsareshared,friendshipsformedandcomfortgivenduringtimesofloss.Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe"JohnAllenwindow",onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.JohnwasthesonofSirJamesAllen,whoasMinisterofDefense,helpedplanandadministerNewZealand'sWorldWarIstrategy,whichsaw100,000troopssenttofight.Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties.Dividedintotwoparts,onedepicts（描绘 ）St.George,thepatronsaint（守护神）ofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,"JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915".Twotreeswithlocalbirdsonthebranchescanbeseenandakiwiwalksatthebottom-remindersthatJohnwasaloverofbirds."Therearemanywarmemorialsinthechurch,"saysthechurch."Howeverthe'JohnAllenwindow'standsout;ittouchespeoplebecauseofthebeautifuldesign,theNewZealandbirds

andbecauseJohn'sstory,ofalifesofullofpromiseendingtragicallyinthewar,reflectsthelivesandstoriesofsomanyothersinvolvedinWorldWarI."Whatdoestheword"portrays"inparagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Starts. B.Changes. C.Treasures. D.Represents.SirJamesAllenbuiltthe"JohnAllenwindow"to.A.celebratetheendofWorldWarIB.honorthetroopsintheGallipolicampaignC.rememberhisson'ssacrificetothecountryD.showthefamily'sclosetieswiththechurchWhatmightbethemainthemeofthepicturesonthewindow?A.Freedomandequality.B.Peaceandwar.C.Humanandnature.D.Marriageandfamily.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ABraveSoldierB.WindowonaLifeC.CrueltyoftheWarD.AGrandChurch【答案】(1)D⑵CBB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一所教堂中一个被称为 “约翰艾伦之窗”的窗户，上面描绘了一位当地人约翰 艾伦的短暂生命。这是约翰的父亲为了纪念他的儿子为国(1)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的1915(1)考查词义猜测。根据第二段中的1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.地男子JohnAllen短暂的一生，他于“theshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin可知被称为"JohnAllenwindow的一'扇窗户描绘了当1915年在土耳其的加里波利战役中牺牲。可知portrays意思为描绘”，故选D。Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschoseto(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的Withthewaroverandhissondead,SirJameschosetoinstallawindowinthechurch,withwhichtheAllenfamilyhadstrongties. 随着战争的结束和他儿子的去世，SirJames选择在教堂里安装了一扇窗户，艾伦家族与这扇窗户有着密切的联系。可知SirJamesAllen建造了"JohrAllenwindow",以纪念他的儿子为国家做出的牺牲。故选Co(3)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的 "Dividedintotwoparts,onedepictsSt.George,thepatronsaintofsoldiers,whiletheotherhasanangelofpeace,alongwiththewordsatthebottom,JohnHughAllGallipoli,6thJune,1915'绘画分为两部分，一部分描绘了士兵的守护神圣乔治，另一部分描绘了和平天使，最下面写着 “JohnHughAllGallipoli,1915年6月6日”。可推知窗里的画的主题应当为战争与和平。故选 Bo(4)考查主旨大意。根据第二段 “Aswithmanychurches,itswallsaregracedwithacollectionofbeautifulstained-glasswindows.Knownasthe“JohnAllenwindow”,onewindowportraystheshortlifeofalocalman,JohnAllen,whodiedin1915intheGallipolicampaigninTurkey.与许多教堂一样，它的墙壁上装饰着一系列美丽的彩色玻璃窗。一个窗子被称为 “约翰艾伦之窗",上面描绘了一位当地人约翰 艾伦的短暂生命，他于1915年在土耳其的加利波利战役中去世。)以及文章主要内容为描述这个玻璃窗画背后的故事，故选 B。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4.阅读理解WhenIwasakid,Iwasthegirlwhokeptthetrainingwheelsonmybikeaslongaspossible.Evenmyyoungersisterhadgotridofthemmuchearlierthanme.ButasIbegantogrowolder,thischanged.AllthishappenedontheBikeSafetyDay.Itissupposedtobeafundayatschoolwhenallofuskidsbringourbikestoschoolandtheschoolprovidesuswiththeopportunitytorideoutsideandlearnproperbikesafety.Soundslikefun,right?No.Infact,itcausedmetopanic.WhatwasIgoingtosaywhenmyfriendsaskedmeaboutmytrainingwheels?Withthepressureofeveryoneseeingmytrainingwheels,Ideterminedtoletthemgo.ThiswasthefirstbigchangeI'devermadeonmyown.Iwenttomyparentsandtoldthemallaboutmydilemma.Theyweremorethanhappytohelp.Wewentoutsideandgotmybike.Insteadofrunningawayandhidingbehind,Istoodinfrontofmybikeandtookgreatprideinmydecisionasmydadremovedthetrainingwheels.Igotonandsteadiedmyself.Myheartracedbutmyfeetandhandswerecalm.MydadstartedtopushbeforemyfeetevenmovedandsuddenlyIwasoff.Thefearfadedawayandarelaxedmindcameintoitsplace.ItwascrazytothinkhowquicklyIlearnedsomethingthattooksolongformetoeventry!Myconfidencesoared.Thiswasgoingtobethestartofabrandnewworldforme.Myaccomplishmentwouldcarrymeforthtonewgoalsandwins.IrealizedthatifIsetmymindtosomething,Icouldachieveit.WhatdoestheschoolexpectthestudentstodoonBikeSafetyDay?A.Havetheirbikeschecked. B.Rideoutsideforfun.C.Acquirebikesafetyskills. D.Removethetrainingwheels.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"them"(inParagraph3)referto?A.Theauthor'sfriends. B.Theauthor'sparents.C.Thesafetyproblems. D.Thetrainingwheels.Whathappenedwhentheauthorfinallyrodewithoutthetrainingwheels?A.Shefeltextremelyembarrassed.B.Everythingturnedouttobeeasy.C.Sheendedupflatontheground.D.Hersistersfollowedherexample.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisnecessaryforhertoachieveagoal?A.Patience.B.Determination.C.Pressure.D.Concentration.【答案】(1)C⑵DBB【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者学习骑自行车的故事，学会了骑自行车让作者拥有了自信，也让作者意识到决心的重要性。(1)考查细节理解。根据第二段中的 "Itissupposedtobeafundayatschoolwhenallofuskidsbringourbikestoschoolandtheschoolprovidesuswiththeopportunitytorideoutsideandlearnproperbikesafety.这应该是一个有趣的一天，在学校，当我们所有的孩子把我们的自行车带到学校，学校为我们提供了在外面骑车的机会，学习适当的自行车安全。可知，学校希望学生在自行车安全日学习自行车安全技能。故选Co(2)考查代词指代测。根据第三段中的 "Withthepressureofeveryoneseeingmytrainingwheels,Ideterminedtoletthemgo.在每个人都看到我的辅助轮的压力下，我决定不要它们了。可知，在每个人都看到我的训练轮的压力下，我决定不要它们了。由此可见， them指代上文中的trainingwheels。故选D。(3)考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段 "gotonandsteadiedmyself.Myheartracedbutmyfeetandhandswerecalm.MydadstartedtopushbeforemyfeetevenmovedandsuddenlyIwasoff.Thefearfadedawayandarelaxedmindcameintoitsplace.ItwascrazytothinkhowquicklyIlearnedsomethingthattooksolongformetoeventry!我上了车，稳住自己。我的心怦怦直跳，但手脚却很平静。我的脚还没来得及挪动，爸爸就开始推我，突然我就走了。恐惧消失了，取而代之的是一种放松的心态。想想我花了这么长时间才学会的东西，竟然这么快就学会了，真是疯了 ！)可知，当作者最终决定不使用辅助轮时，发现结果一切都很容易了。故选Bo(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "IrealizedthatifIsetmymindtosomething,Icouldachieveit.我意识到，如果我下定决心，我可以实现它。可知，本文主要讲述了作者学习骑自行车的故事，从而意识到决心非常重要。故选 Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。读理解JaneAustenislovedmainlyasacharmingguidetofashionablelifeintheRegencyperiod(英国摄政时期).Sheisadmiredfordescribingaworldofeleganthouses,dances,servantsandfashionableyoungmendrivingbarouches(四轮四座大马车).Butherownvisionofhertaskwascompletelydifferent.Shewasanambitiousandstrictmoralist.Shewashighlyconsciousofhumanfailingsandshehadadeepdesiretomakepeoplenicer:lessselfish,morereasonableandmoresensitivetotheneedsofothers.InPrideandPrejudice,Mr.DarcyandElizabethBonnetstartoffheartilydislikingeachotherandthen,graduallyrealizetheyareinlove.Theymakeoneofthegreatromanticcouples.Heishandsome,richandwellconnected;sheispretty,smartandlively.Butwhyactuallyaretheyrightforoneanother?JaneAustenisveryclear.It'sforareasonwetendnottothinkofverymuchtoday:Itisbecauseeachcaneducateandimprovetheother.WhenMr.Darcyarrivesintheneighborhood,hefeels"superior"toeveryoneelse,becausehehasmoremoneyandhigherstatus.Atakeymoment,Elizabethcondemnshisarrogance(自大)andpridetohisface.Itsoundsoffensiveintheextreme,butlaterheadmitsthatthiswasjustwhatheneeded.Mostly,wetendtothinkofloveaslikingsomeoneforwhotheyalreadyare,andoftotalacceptance.Butthepersonwhoisrightforus,Austenissaying,isnotsimplysomeonewhomakesusfeelrelaxedorcomfortable;theygottobeabletohelpusovercomeourfailingsandbecomemoremature,morehonestandkinder—andweneedtodosomethingsimilarforthem.WhatdoweknowaboutJaneAustenfromparagraph1?A.Shelivedafashionablelife. B.Shewroteaboutthelifeoftherich.C.Sheknewexactlyhumanvirtues. D.Shewasnicertolessselfishpeople.WhatcanwelearnaboutMr.Darcyfromthetext?HedislikesElizabethfromthebeginningtotheend.Heishandsome,richandrathermodest.Heiskindtoeveryoneintheneighborhood.HeneedsElizabethtopointouthisshortcomings.WhichpersonisrightforyouaccordingtoJaneAusten?Apersonthatyoulikeforwhoheorsheis.Apersonwithwhomyoufeelreallyrelaxed.Apersonmakingyoubecomeabettermanorwoman.Apersonwhodoessomethingsimilartoyou.WhatmessagedoesthebookPrideandPrejudiceconvey?A.Improveyourselfwithyourlover'shelp.Acceptthepeopleyoulovetotally.Earnmuchmoneytomakepeopleloveyou.Findyourtruelovewithprideandprejudice.【答案】(1)B⑵DCA【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。简 奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的 ”Sheisadmiredfordescribingaworldofeleganthouses,dances,servantsandfashionableyoungmendrivingbarouches.她因描述了一个充满优雅的房“子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。可知她写了关于富人的生活。故选 B。（2）考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段中的 ”Atakeymoment,Elizabethcondemnshisarroganceandpridetohisface.Itsoundsoffensiveintheextreme,butlaterheadmitsthatthiswasjustwhatheneeded.在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。这听起来很“无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的 ”Butthepersonwhoisrightforus,Austenissaying,isnotsimplysomeonewhomakesusfeelrelaxedorcomfortable;theygottobeabletohelpusovercomeourfailingsandbecomemoremature,morehonestandkinder—andweneedtodosomethingsimilarforthem.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人 ;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良 ——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。可知简 奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。故TOC\o"1-5"\h\z选 C。（4）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的 ”It'sforareasonwetendnottothinkofverymuchtoday:Itisbecauseeachcaneducateandimprovetheother.这是一个我们今天很少想到的原 “因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。故选 A。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。6．阅读理解AlisonMalmonwastrappingup（完成 ）theendofherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofPennsylvania,USwhenshegotthenews:HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity,wassufferingfrommentalillness.Inspiredbythis,Malmonformedagroupatheruniversitytoempower（使能够）studentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.Itsoonblossomedintoanationalorganizationthattodayhasmorethan450campuschapters.Leaderswiththeorganizationspendtheirtimetalkingwithcollegestudentsaboutthepressurethattoday'syoungpeopleface."Whatyouhearoftenisjustaneedtobeperfect,"saidMalmon,"andaneedtopresentoneselfasperfect."AndanewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypartoftoday'ssociety.Inthestudy,tworesearchersstudiedmorethan40,000studentsfromtheUS,Canada,andtheUK.Theyfoundthatwhattheycalled"sociallyprescribed（社会定向型的 ）perfectionism"increasedbyathirdbetween1989and2016.LeadresearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytopresentaperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.Instead,hesaid,itmaybedrivenbycompetitioninmodernsociety,meaningyoungpeoplecan'tavoidbeingsortedandrankedinbotheducationandemployment.Thatcomesfromnewnorms（准则）likegreaternumbersofcollegestudents,standardizedtestingandparentingthatincreasinglyemphasizessuccessineducation.Forexample,in1976,halfofhighschoolseniorsexpectedtogetacollegedegreeofsomekind.By2008,morethan80percentexpectedthesame.Theresearchersalsosaidchangesinparentingstylesoverthelasttwodecadesmighthavehadanimpact.Asparentsfeelincreasedpressuretoraisesuccessfulchildren,theyinturnpasstheir"achievementanxieties"ontotheirkidsthrough"excessive（过多的）involvementintheirchild'sroutines,activitiesoremotions"ThoseinthementalhealthcommunitylikeMalmonsaythey'reconcernedabouttheimpactthecultureofperfectionismhasonmentalhealthoncampuses."Mentalhealthhastrulybecomethisgeneration'ssocialjusticeissue,"shesaid."It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetoolsandtoletpeopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."（1）Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?Theeffectsofthecultureofperfectionism.Researchintothetrendofperfectionism.Agroupdedicatedtohelpingpeoplestaymentallyhealthy.Variouspressuresthattoday'syoungpeoplearefacing.WhatinspiredAlisonMalmontostartagrouprelatedtomentalhealth?A.Herbrother'smentalillness.B.Herprojectduringthefreshmanyear.C.Thepressureshehadexperienced.D.Herstronginterestinmentalhealth.WhatdoesMalmonthinkisawaytohelpyoungpeoplemanagethepressureofperfectionism?A.Enablingthemtoknowwhatistoblamefortheirpressure.B.Loweringtheirexpectationsofthemselves.C.Reducingparentsinvolvementintheirchildren'slife.D.Makingthemawareofwhattruesocialjusticeis.【答案】 （1）BAA【解析】 【分析】研究发现完美主义会给人带来压力，进而影响人的精神健康。造成完美主义的原因主要有三个，即自身原因，社会竞争，和父母教养。（1）主旨大意题。根据文章第四段的 AndanewstudyintheUKprovedthatthisneedforperfectionismissimplypartoftoday'ssociety，第五段的 LeadresearcherThomasCurransaidthatwhilesomanyoftoday'syoungpeopletrytopresentaperfectappearanceonline,socialmediaisn'ttheonlyreasonbehindthistrend.和第六段的 Theresearchersalsosaidchangesinparentingstylesoverthelasttwodecadesmighthavehadanimpact.可知本文主要讲述对于完美主义这一趋势的研究发现，故选 B项。（2）细节理解题。根据文章第一、二段的 HerolderbrotherBrian,astudentatColumbiaUniversity,wassufferingfrommentalillness.Inspiredbythis,Malmonformedagroupatheruniversitytoempower(使能够)studentstotalkopenlyaboutmentalhealth.可知Malmon受到哥哥精神疾病的启发，发动了一群人发表对精神健康的看法，故选A项。(3)细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的 shesaid."It'sourjobtoequipthemwiththetoolsandtoletpeopleknowthatit'snottheirfault."可知Malmon认为要解决完美主义所带来的压力问题的关键是给他们提供方法，并且让他们知道有压力不是他们的错，即要让他们找到引起压力的原因，故选A项。【点评】考查阅读理解，涉及细节理解题和主旨大意题。细节理解题要注意仔细阅读文章，从文章中找出答案；主旨大意题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7.阅读理解Evenifyou'veneverbeentoPhoenix,youknowthisabouttheplaceIt'shot.FromJunetoSeptember,thetemperaturecaneasilysurpassthecenturymark.Butthatdoesn'tstophikersfromattemptingthe1.3-milehikingtothetopofthecity'sfamedCamelbackMountain.Signswarnthatthetrailis"extremelydifficult".Ifyoucontinue,apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwaterperperson.Andifyou'restillnotstopped,anothersignfartherupdeclares:"Ifyou'rehalfwaythroughyourwater,turnaround!"Unfortunately,manypeopletonottakethewarningsseriously.Fortunatey,ScottCullymoredoes.The53-year-oldCullymorecanbefoundhikingupanddownCamelbackacoupleoftimesaday,givingoutcoldbottlesofwatertoworn-outhikers.Hehashelpedhydratesomanyhikersthathehasearnedaheavenlynickname:theWaterAngel.CullymorewasonCamelbackMountainonedayin2015whenaBritishtouristdiedafterbeinglostfornearlysixhoursintheJulyheat.ThatexperienceinspiredhimtostarthelpingpeoplecaughtunawarebythecrueltyofMotherNature."Theyunderestimatethemountain,andtheyoverestimatewhattheycando,andtheygetthemselvesintrouble."hewarned.Onehikerwhowasofferedwateragrees."Youthinkyouknowtheheat,butthenyougetouthereinthedesertanditsurroundsyoulikeablanket,"saidAustinHill,whowashikingwithahighschoolfriend.Theywerelucky,hesaidpointingtoCullymore."WeranintothisGoodSamaritanhere."Andwiththat,theWaterAngelgoesinsearchofanotherhikerinneed.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Therisksinvolvedinthehiking. B.Theseriousnessofthewarnings.C.Thedistributionofsignsthatwarnhikers. D.Theinfluenceofthetemperatureonhikers.WhydidsomehikersonCamelbackMountaingetintrouble?Theywerenotwelltrainedinhiking.Theyforgottotakeenoughwaterwiththem.Theyweretoooptimisticaboutthesituation.Theywerenotfitenoughtohikethemountain.WhatcanweknowaboutAustinHill?A.Heagreedtohelpothers. B.HewassavedbyCullymore.C.Hehikedaloneinthedesert. D.Heregrettedtakingablanket.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheCamelbackMountainC.HikersinNeediiB.SurvivingtheHeatD.TheWaterAngel【答案】(1)AiiB.SurvivingtheHeatD.TheWaterAngel⑵CBD【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，远足者低估夏日的 CamelbackMountain同时高估自己的能力，所以在远足途中遇到麻烦， Cullymore了解情况后决定帮助他们。 Cullymore通过在炎炎夏日给那些远足者提供水而被人们亲切地称为 水天使”。(1)考查段落大意。根据第一段中的 "FromJunetoSeptember,thetemperaturecaneasilysurpassthecenturymark;"Signswarnthatthetrailis 'extremelydfifyiculcontinue'"apostedchecklistsuggestsatleastaliterofwaterperperson. 和“Ifyou'rehalfwaythroughyourwater,turnaround!可知在夏天去CamelbackMountain远足是非常艰难的，原因有两个：一个是温度很高，另一个是水。 故选Ao(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"Theyunderestimatethemountain,andtheyoverestimatewhattheycando,andtheygetthemselvesintrouble. 可知人们低估了这座山,同时高估了自己的能力，因此他们陷入麻烦中，即对情况感到过于乐观导致他们涉险。故选C。(3)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的 "Theywerelucky,hesaidpointingtoCullymore. 'WeranintothisGoodSamaritanhere.可知AustinHill说他们很幸运，因为他们遇到了Cullymore这个乐善好施的人，故推测Cullymore救了他。故选B。(4)考查主旨大意。根据第二段中的 "Hehashelpedhydratesomanyhikersthathehasearnedaheavenlynickname:theWaterAngel.和最后——段中的"Andwiththat,theWaterAngelgoesinsearchofanotherhikerinneed.以及文章主要内容可知，本文主要叙述了 Cullymore通过在山上给登山者发水来帮助他们，从而得到水天使”的昵称，即本文主要讲述水天使”的故事。故选Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，段落大意和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。8.阅读理解Needafallfix?Tryonefromthesegreatplaces.MackinacIsland,MichiganTheonlywaytoreachthisfamedcar-freeislandisbyboatandferry,andoncevisitorsarrive,theyareattractedbythehistory,sceneryandfallcolors."It'sathrowbacktoyearspast,alittletown,andthere'sabigstateparkaswell,"Blackwellsays."You'real