语音学教案课件

EnglishPhoneticsLecturer:MichaelChapterI.Introduction1.ArticulatoryPhonetics:TraditionalPhonetics口耳之学：辨音、听音、析音、记音工具：电子腭位仪、x光摄影、x光摄像、电子声门仪见图：声门高速成像（北大：孔江平教授）应用于语言教学、医学等2.AcousticPhonetics:ExperimentalPhonetics（实验音系学）

工具：二战时soundspectrograph(语图仪)――刺探军情破译密码；现在用Praat、桌上语音等软件。应用于SpeechsynthesisVoice-print（声纹）:用于司法、保密等。

音系学相当于“语音语法“+voiced-voiced/X___Y_sonorant国内研究中心中国社科院语言研究所、北京大学、北京语言大学、南开大学、香港科技大学SomeoftheResearchers

ChapterII.Vowels1.Definition2.CardinalVowels(DanielJones)TheideaofvowellimitsandvowelspaceThePrimaryCardinalVowels舌位高低、前后、唇形EnglishVowelsPurevowelsFront:/i:/,/I/,/e/,/{/Central:/V/,/ɜ:/,/@/Back:/A:/,/Q/,/O:/,/U/,/u:/Diphthongs/eI/,/aI/,/aU/,/@U/,/OI/,/I@/,/E@/,/U@/Thedifferencebetween/ɪ/and/e/TonguepositionLipshapee.g.bit/bet;lid/ledBackvowel鹅，鹅，鹅…,我饿呀！给点吃的吧!舌尖下缩,发音时感觉舌根部在振动,口腔中空

Backvowel/U/六小灵童陕西农民卖花themuseumofUndergroundWarriorsCome,come;Look,look;Good,good;Cheap,cheap;book,cook,BushI’mfull./l/

Backvowel/u:/foodyou,/j/foolMetoo!Me吐！Backvowel/ɑ:/

far,car,It’stoohard.Youbrokemyheart.calmdownBackvowel/ɒ/美音开口大，近似于/ɑ/alotofhotpot,hotdogCentralvowel

/@/China,Diana,idea,Asia,India,SilviaCentralvowel/V/Hurryup!Shutup!Goodluck!Loveme,lovemydog./eɪ/Lay累关键在ɪToday?Great!Areyoucrazy?/aɪ/关键在开口度和共鸣音Good-bye!拜拜！I’mfine!Idon’tbite.Youliar!/ɔɪ/Enjoysomefreshair.Whatabeautifulvoice!Oil,soil,toilet,employerSparetherod,spoilthechild./ɪə//ɪ:ə/DearMum,Doyouhearme?career,Cheerup!period,serious,theory,VictoriaGoodidea!/ɛə/Takecare!Areyouscared?ChapterThreeConsonantsDefinitionTheClassificationofConsonants(Iowa)

Bilabial双唇音4个：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w/Labio-dental唇齿音2个：/f/,/v/,Lingua-dental齿音2个：/θ/,/ð/Lingua-alveolar齿龈音7个：/t/,/d/,/s/,/z/,/n/,/l/,/tr/,/dr/,/tʃ/,/dʒ/Consonants26个:Palatal硬腭音4个:/ʃ/,/ʒ/,/r/,/j/Velar软腭音3个：/k/,/g/,/ŋ/Glottal声门音1个：/h/Bilabial双唇音4个：/p/,/b/,/m/,/w//p/,/b/爆破音,凡是没有和元音相拼,就失去爆破,发音很轻,/b/的声带也不振动.topstudents,tripped,hopeless,jobless,obtain,objectsilentporb:cupboard,receipt,psychology,comb,climb,thumb,debt,doubtplay,blow,place,applyforajobafters:sparkle,spain,steak,stomach,disturb,/m/口鼻腔要有共鸣Mum,mama,romeNosmoking!SmilinggirlI’llcomeoversoon.SometimesTimeflies!Aim,empty,symbol,warm-hearted,Gameisover./w/What?Getawayfromme!WomanVerywell!Quitewell!Iswear!Twice,twin,twelve唇齿音/f/,/v/

摩擦音fit,feet,vivid,V,verygood,view,obvious,individualinstruction,few,fifty齿音/θ/,/ð/

摩擦音,舌尖置于齿间或上齿后，舌身外展，使舌边抵上齿，阻塞气流。

/W/与元音相拼时，音质像拼音的da（大）不看单词，听音模仿thought,think,thin，thousand,theif,thick,three,throat,threw,things,Thanksamillion！mouth(speakingwhilingpointingtoit)both,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faith,/ð/浊音they,these,then,there,other,breathe,though,this,that,those,theaim,them,smooth,with,bathe,northen,either,breathing,brother,rhythmelisionof/W/,/T/months,twelfths,fiths,clothes,cloths齿龈音

/t/,/d/爆破音,注意失爆.Takecare!Timeflies!Goodjob!Goodnews,admit,ed:worked,laughedth:Thomas,Anthony,Thames,/e/Silentt:Christmas,listen,oftenAfterS:stomach/s/,/z/

zoo,zero,pens,dogs,eyes,hours,legs,hands,examples/n/错误:舌尖碰到门牙Now!Nonewsisgoodnews.DinnerWhen?downtown,hens.Seeyousoon!Rain,train,learnit,齿龈音

/l/舌边音，可捏着鼻子，一松一放，无共鸣发音e.g.辣妹子辣，辣，辣，辣，辣…好辣！/l/low/no,night/light,lot/not,let/netsilentl:talk,walk,should,would,could,half,calm,folkdark/l/近似于/J/,但/J/的舌尖不用抵上齿龈,此外,/l/不用撅嘴唇.children,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautiful/tr/,/dr/后齿龈音破擦音,舌尖顶后齿龈(齿龈脊的后部),阻塞气流,发出摩擦声.错误:舌面贴后齿龈（下颌张开发音,时舌尖上翘后齿龈有助于克服该问题），爆破与摩擦的感觉不强,用拼音chw,zhw代替.try(揣),true(处),tree,train,truthdry,drinkIfyoucandreamit,youcanmakeit.Whyareyoudresseduptoday?/tʃ/,/dʒ/腭齿龈音破擦音,舌尖的位置比/tr/,/dr/更靠后,用舌尖和舌叶顶,而非用整个舌面贴腭齿龈,爆破与摩擦的感觉要强错误:四川人用拼音的q和j代替,北方人用拼音ch和zh代替.用nature过渡发音China,Ifyougivemeachance,I’llrewardyouasurprise.child,chocolate,choose,“绝的”Jack,judge/ʃ/,/ʒ/腭齿龈音摩擦音,舌中线留出一条小槽.fasion,English,patient,Don’tpushme!/ʒ/摩擦的感觉强烈,声带振动,与/j/的区别:/j/无摩擦声.treasure,measure,visual,leisurewear,decision,garage,confusionMypleasure!/r/分clear/r/和dark/r/后齿龈音或硬腭音,流音（因为dark/r/具有元音的特质，可依拖长）发音时舍身抬起并后缩，舌两侧贴上腭（J.D.O’Connor），或Sidesoftonguetobackteeth.Tippointsup.舌尖不可碰到齿龈。

/r/bird,word,world,pearlharbour,sure,learningrent,very,Don’tcry!/j/硬腭音滑音，无摩擦。You,year,yes,beyond,opinion,humor,huge,super,t,d,n后面省/j/newstudent/k/,/g/软腭音爆破音，注意失爆。Carl,Book,askforhelp,character,Silentk:know,muscle,knee,AfterS:thick-skinned,schoolgod,bigmoney,green,great,clean,glass/ŋ/软腭音/ŋ//g//ŋ/wrong,longlongago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,finger/h/声门音摩擦音，气流受阻程度比拼音的h(软腭音)小。Heyguys,comehere!Whosemoneyisthis?Hers？His.Who?Him.Ihad!(曾经拥有一段真挚的感情吗？)Home,Hand,Heart-brokenSilenth:hour,honest,honour,exhibit,vehicle,heir继承人1)/ɫ/children,culture,cool,full,film,milk,health,little,beautifulDifficultconsonantsofEnglish2)/T/thought,think,thin,thousand,theif,thick,three,throat,threw,thingsmouth(speakingwhilingpointingtoit)both,health,month,method，author,worth,death,path,faithDifficultconsonantsofEnglish3)/N/四川方言：“注意点哈，看nga(碾）倒人！”袄子，被咬了一口wrong,longlongago,tongue/ton,song/son,sing/sin,thing/thin,think,English,singer,fingerDifficultconsonantsofEnglish4)/Z/treasure,measure,visual,vision,leisurewear,decision,garage,confusionMypleasure!ConsonantsChapterFourSyllableandStress

syllablerhymeOnsetpeakcodaThestructureofasyllableEnglishsyllablestructureE.g.Kræmpt

onsetpeakcodaWeaksyllables1.“Schwa”/ə/e.g.barracks/bærəks/