Unit 5 基础过关练（解析版）-2022年高一英语（新人教版必修第三册）

第05练Unit5TheValueofMoney1.【词汇过关】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。①Youneedthe____________(patient)ofJobtodealwithsomeofourcustomers.答案：patience解析：句意为：和我们的一些顾客打交道需要有极大的耐心。设空处作need的宾语，且空前有定冠词the，应用名词形式，而patienceofJob这个短语的含义则是“极度的忍耐，极大的耐心”，故填patience。②Theofficial____________(apology)tothepublicforhismistakesinhiswork.答案：apologised解析：句意为：那位官员由于工作失误而向民众道歉。设空处需要使用谓语动词，且时态用过去时态，应用动词过去时态形式，故填apologised。③____________(Judge)fromhisaccent,hemustbefromthesouth.答案：Judging解析：句意为：听他的声口，一定是南方人。Judgingfrom…为固定表达，意为“根据……来判断”，在句中作状语，故填Judging。④Iamembarrassedbymycomplete__________(ignore)ofhistory.答案：ignorance解析：句意为：我对历史一无所知，这让我很难堪。设空处作by的宾语，且空前有物主代词和形容性修饰，应用名词形式。故填ignorance。⑤Hedeclaredhis____________(intend)tobecomethebestgolferintheworld.答案：intention解析：句意为：他表明自己想要成为世界上最好的高尔夫球选手。设空处作动词宾语，且空前有物主代词his，应用名词形式，故填intention。2.【短语过关】①你定期支付保险费，而保险公司则会一次性给你一笔钱作为回报。Youpayregularpremiumsand________________________theinsurancecompanywillpayoutalumpsum.答案：inreturn②这并不那么困难，实际上，容易得很。It'snotthatdifficult.____________________________________________________________,it'squiteeasy.答案：asamatteroffact③这些海浪是2010年5月意外发现的。Thewaveswerediscovered________________________inMay,2010.答案：byaccident④说实在的，那是我读过的最差的书之一。____________________________________,itwasoneoftheworstbooksI'veeverread.答案：Tobehonest⑤Itwouldbesafertotakemoremoneywithyou________________________ofemergency.多带点钱保险些，以防急用。答案：incase3.【语法过关】用适当的情态动词填空。①1.Canyouhelpme?I____________neverunderstandthis.答案：can解析：考查情态动词和时态。句意：你能帮我吗？我永远无法理解这一点。结合句意和空后动词原形understand可知，该空为情态动词，表示能力，意为“能；会”。由第一句可知，用一般现在时，故填can。②Henry____________walkwhenhewasoneyearold.答案：could解析：考查情态动词。句意：亨利一岁的时候就能走路了。根据动词walk可知此处要用情态动词，且由whenhewasoneyearold可知could符合题意。故填could。③You____________beMrSmith.Iwastoldtopickyouup.答案：must解析：考查情态动词。句意：你一定是史密斯先生吧。我被告知接你。根据“Iwastoldtopickyouup.”可知，对方一定是史密斯先生，所以用情态动词must。故填must。④You____________givemealift.Iwanttowalkhomeforexercise.答案：needn’t解析：考查情态动词。句意：你不必载我一程。我想走路回家锻炼。结合后文我想走路回家，推测前文没必要载我一程，needn’t表示“不必”。故填needn’t。⑤Hesaidthere____________beaconcertthatevening.答案：would解析：考查时态。句意：他说那天晚上有一场音乐会。结合句意和句中said可知，该句用过去将来时，结构为woulddo，空后已有动词be，故填would。4.【阅读过关】MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelparentsandthebossyheadmistress,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfunnyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt'sabouttwosisters-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister,Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse“nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdid,butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable.TheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoseleft.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.【1】Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn. C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDah1.【2】WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda. C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.【3】WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?A.Afolktale. B.Abiography. C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.【知识点】广告/布告【答案】【1】C【2】C【3】D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了作家JoUsmari选出的四本好书。【1】推理判断题。根据第一段JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWill/series（系列）oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.可知，下文介绍作家JoUsmari选出的最好的读物，所以下文中的“I”指的是JoUsmar。故C选项正确。【2】细节理解题。根据AfterDark中It'sabouttwosister—Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon'torcan'tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.可知，故事讲的是两个姐妹Eri是一个要么不睡，要么一觉不醒的模特，玛丽，是一个年轻学生。所以AfterDark中讲述了Eri和Mari的故事。故C选项正确。【3】细节理解题。由GoneGirl中的butthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.可知，这是一个恐怖故事。故D选项正确。能力提升练5.【完形填空能力提升】OneofMarkTwain'sclassicnovelsisTheAdventuresofTomSawyer.Itis【1】inasmallAmericantowninthe19thcentury.Thepeopleinthistownareverytraditionalandliveaquietlife.ThestoryisaboutaboycalledTomSawyer,wholiveswithhisauntPolly.Heisoftenin【2】withhisaunt.AuntPollyisverykind,butTomthinkssheisalwaystryingtocontrolhim.Tomisdifferentfromtheotherchildreninthetown.Helovesadventure.Hedoesalotofbadthings,butheneverreally【3】anyone.Hetriesveryhardnottogotoschool,andoftenjumps【4】hisbedroomwindowatnighttomeethisfriends.Heisveryclever.Oneday,AuntPollyaskshimtodosomepainting,andhe【5】togetalltheboysinthetowntodotheworkforhimbyinventinganew【6】game.Itistheselittlestories【7】makereaderswanttokeepreadingthenovel,butitistheadventuresthatarethemostimportantpartofthebook.Tom'sbestfriendisHuckFinn,aboywhohasnohome.Inoneadventure,theyspendthenightoutside,andtheyseeamankillanotherman【8】.Laterinthebook,Tom,Huckandanotherboydecidetoleavethetownbecausetheythinkthatlifethereistooboring.They【9】toanislandinthemiddleofariver.They【10】fires,catchfishandsleepunderthestars.Theyalsomake【11】atotravelupanddowntheriver.【12】seeingtheboysfordays,thepeopleinthetownthinkthattheyhavedied.Oneday,whenTomcomesbacktohisaunt'shousetoleavealetter【13】thatheisnotdead.hehearshisaunttalkingabouthisfuneral(葬礼).【14】Tomhasanidea.Onthemorningoftheirfuneral,theboysrunbackintotownand【15】theirownfuneralbeforetellingeveryonethattheyarestillalive.【1】A.made B.set C.taken D.written【2】A.trouble B.silence C.peace D.war【3】A.damages B.destroys C.ruins D.hurts【4】A.outof B.into C.onto D.infrontof【5】A.tries B.fails C.manages D.struggles【6】A.fighting B.painting C.touring D.sailing【7】A.which B.that C.what D.where【8】A.incharge B.inadvance C.inthelongterm D.inthedark【9】A.runinto B.runaway C.runacross D.runoutof【10】A.catch B.set C.make D.put【11】A.bike B.boat C.camel D.cage【12】A.By B.Upon C.At D.Without【13】A.writing B.telling C.saying D.meaning【14】A.Then B.Besides C.Also D.Lastly【15】A.join B.present C.participate D.attend【知识点】文学形式与文学作品说明文【答案】【1】B【2】A【3】D【4】A【5】C【6】B【7】B【8】D【9】B【10】C【11】B【12】D【13】C【14】A【15】D解析：【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了马克·吐温的《汤姆索亚历险记》的主要故事情节，并分析了该作品吸引读者的原因。1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它以19世纪的一个美国小镇为背景。A.made制作；B.set设置；C．taken带走；D．written写。besetin“以……为背景”，固定短语。故选B。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他经常和他的阿姨闹矛盾。A.trouble麻烦；B．silence沉默；C．peace和平；D．war战争。根据下文提到汤姆认为Polly阿姨想控制他，并且他总是做坏事，所以他经常跟Polly阿姨闹矛盾。beintroublewith“和……闹纠纷”，故选A。3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他做了很多坏事，但他从未真正伤害过任何人。A.damages破坏；B．destroys损坏；C．ruins毁坏；D．hurts伤害。根据空前Hedoesalotofbadthings和转折连词but可知，此处指他从来不伤害别人，故选D。4．考查介词词义辨析。句意：他不去上学，晚上常常从卧室的窗户跳下来，与朋友们见面。A.outof从……里面（走出），离开；B．into进入；C．onto(与动词连用，表示朝某处或某位置运动)向，朝；D．infrontof在……前面。根据后文tomeethisfriends可知，空处需用介词outof，jumpoutof“从……跳出来”，固定短语，表示从卧室的窗户跳下来和朋友面见面。故选A。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，Polly阿姨请他画画，他发明了一种新的绘画游戏，设法让镇上所有的男孩都为他画画。A.tries努力；B．fails失败，未能；C．manages设法；D．struggles挣扎。根据句意可知，他设法让全镇的男孩帮他做这个工作。managetodo“设法成功的做”，故选C。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.fighting打架；B．painting绘画；C．touring旅行；D．sailing航行。根据前面的“AuntPollyaskshimtodosomepainting”可知，姨妈要他画一些画，故选B。7．考查强调句型。句意：正是这些小故事让读者想继续读这部小说，但冒险才是这本书最重要的部分。分析句子结构可知，去掉本句的Itis和空格处内容可知，句子成分完整，由此判断本句是一个强调句，其构成为：Itis+被强调部分+that/who(强调部分为人)+其它，本句强调部分是物，需用that。故选B。8．考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：在一次冒险中，他们在外面过夜，看到一个人在黑暗中杀死另一个人。A.incharge负责；B．inadvance提前；C．inthelongterm长期来看；D．inthedark在黑暗中。根据上文“theyspendthenightoutside”可知，他们在外面过夜，故选D。9．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：他们逃到河中间的岛上。A.runinto偶遇；B．runaway逃跑；C．runacross遇到，撞上；D．runoutof用完。根据空前Lateri