Unit 1 基础过关练（解析版）-2022年高一英语（新人教版选择性必修第一册）

第06练Unit1PeopleofAchievement1.【词汇过关】在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。①Manyofourteachersalsohavevaluable_____________(academy)linkswithHeidelbergUniversity答案：academic解析：句意为：我们的很多老师也和海德堡大学保持着有益的学术联系。设空处作定语修饰links，应用形容词形式，故填academic。②Sheconsidersthatitistooearlytoformadefinite_____________(conclude).答案：conclusion解析：句意为：她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。设空前有不定冠词a和形容词definite修饰，作非谓语动词toform的宾语，应用名词，故填conclusion。③Wefoundfurther_____________(science)evidenceforthistheory.答案：scientific解析：句意为：我们找到了进一步证实这种理论的科学根据。设空处作定语修饰evidence，应用形容词，故填scientific。④Thisgovernmentis_____________(commit)toextendingparentalchoiceineducation.答案：committed解析：句意为：本届政府承诺扩大父母在教育方面的选择权。becommittedtodoingsth意为“致力于做某事，承诺做某事”。故填committed。⑤Youcanaskforachemical_____________(analyse)ofyourtapwater.答案：analysis解析：句意为：你可以要求给你的自来水做化学分析。设空前有不定冠词a和形容词chemical修饰，应用名词，故填analysis。2.【短语过关】①认真总结澳门实践“一国两制”的经验和特点，是值得的。Itisworthwhileto__________________________theexperienceandcharacteristicsofMacaoinfaithfullyimplementing“onecountry,twosystems”.答案：sumup②当你还是个孩子的时候，你有没有在午夜经历过让你毛骨悚然的梦境？Asachild,didyouexperiencethedreamscenewhichmadeyourhair_________________________________________atmidnight.答案：standonend③由于这种意识，三天前，一系列反恐海报在印尼和土耳其引起广泛恐慌。____________________________________________________theconsciousness,threedaysago,aseriesofanti-terroristposterscausedwidespreadalarmacrossIndonesiaandTurkey.答案：Asaconsequenceof④希特勒上台对世界来说真是一场灾难。ThatHitler_______________________________________wasreallyadisastertotheworld.答案：cametopower⑤你能算出一个人在这个城市占据的平均居住空间吗？Canyoufigureouttheaveragelivingspacethatapersoncan__________________________inthiscity?答案：takeup3.【语法过关】用适当的关系词填空。①Hisbestmovie,_____________wonseveralawards,wasaboutthelifeofGandhi.答案：which解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他最好的电影是关于甘地生平的，这部电影赢得了好几个奖项。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Hisbestmovie，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用which引导该从句；非限制性定语从句不能用that引导。故填which。②KatesisterIsharedaroomwithwhenwewereatcollege,_____________hasgonetoworkinAustralia.答案：whose解析：考查定语从句。句意：凯特的妹妹去澳大利亚工作了，我在大学的时候和她住一间房。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Kate，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词sister，需用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。③DuringtheSpringFestivalGalaof2020,didyouseeWangYuan,____________isnowafamousyouthactor.答案：who解析：考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在2020年春节联欢晚会上，你看到王源了吗，现在是一个著名的青年演员。分析句子可知，________isnowafamousyouthactor是非限制性定语从句，先行词是WangYuan，从句中做主语，指人，用关系代词who，故填who。④ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.答案：when解析：考查定语从句。句意：但我与熊猫的关系可以追溯到上世纪年代中期，当时我是第一个获准拍摄一个特别小组的西方电视台记者，该小组负责照料从野外救出的大熊猫。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词mid-1980s，且先行词在从句作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。⑤LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing,____________aconferencewastobeheld.答案：where解析：考查定语从句。句意：上星期天他们到达南京，有一个会议要在那里举行。分析句子结构，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Nanjing，在定语从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where引导。故填where。4.【阅读过关】NATUREhasmanywaysofremindinguswhoisincharge.Hermostdeadlyweapons-bacteria,viruses,andparasites(寄生虫)-claimmillionsofliveseveryyear.Butthankstothehardworkofgreatscientists,mankindcouldturnnatureagainstitself.AnditisforexactlythissortofworkthattheRoyalSwedishAcademyofSciencesawardedthe2015NobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOct5.HalfoftheprizewasawardedtotheIrishWilliamCampbellandtheJapaneseSatoshiOmurafordiscoveringavermectin(阿维菌素).adrugthatkillstheparasiticwormsthatcauseriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis(象皮病).ChinesescientistTuYouyousharedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordevelopingArtemisinin,adrugthathelpskilltheparasitethatcausesmalaria.Omuraisamicrobiologistbytraining.HestudiedStreptomycesbacteriatofindcompounds(化合物)thatworkagainstharmfulmicrobes(微生物).Campbell,workingintheUS,tookbacteriafoundbyOmuraandtookoutavermectin,whichiseffectiveagainstparasitesinfarmanimals.Animprovedtypeofavermectinwaslaterproducedforhumans,whichgreatlyreducedthecasesofriverblindnessandlymphaticfilariasis.Avermectincomesfrombacteria,butartemisinincomesfromplants.ItsdiscoverywastheresultofProject523,aChinesegovernmentprojecttofindanewmalariadruginthelate1960s.Malariaisamosquito-bornediseasecausedbyparasites,whichattackredbloodcells,causingfever,andsometimes,braindamageanddeath.Tuandherteammade380herbalextractsfrom2,000recipesfromtraditionalChinesemedicalbooks.In1971,aftermorethan190failures,Tu'steamfinallyfoundanextractthatwas100percenteffectiveagainstmalariaparasites.Itwascalledqinghaosu,laterrenamedartemisinin.In2001,theWorldHealthOrganizationnamedartemisininthefirstchoiceinthetreatmentofmalaria.Millionsofpeoplearestilltroubledbyinfectionscausedbyparasites.ButtheWHOsaidthatby2013,malariadeathshadfallenby47percentcomparedwith2000.Similarly,riverblindnessusedtobeoneoftheleadingcausesofpreventableblindness.Thesedays,doctorsaretalkingaboutchancesofwipingthediseaseoffEarth.AlloftheseachievementswouldnotbepossibleatallwithoutthedrugsthatCampbell,OmuraandTuhelpedtodiscover.【1】ThedrugTuYouyoudeveloped,artemisinin,hasproveneffectiveintreating_________.A.riverblindness B.malariaC.lymphaticfilariasis D.infectionscausedbyStreptomycesbacteria【2】Avermectin,discoveredbyCampbellandOmura,comesfrom__________.A.bacteria B.plants C.farmanimals D.oceananimals【3】WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthediscoveryofartemisinin?A.IttookTuandherteamabout10yearstodiscoverartemisinin.B.Tuandherteamachievedsuccessafterabout380failures.C.Artemisininhassavedmillionsofpeople'slivessinceitsdiscovery.D.Artemisininwasdiscoveredthankstotheeffortsofscientistsfromathomeandabroad.【知识点】医疗新闻报道直接理解正误判断逻辑推理科学家【答案】【1】B【2】A【3】C【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了诺贝尔生理医学奖获得者爱尔兰的WilliamCampbell，日本的木村和中国的屠呦呦的事迹和成就。爱尔兰的威廉·坎贝尔和日本的木村因发现了阿维菌素（阿维菌素），一种杀死导致河盲和淋巴丝虫病的寄生虫的药物（象皮病）。中国科学家屠呦呦研发了一种帮助杀死导致疟疾的寄生虫的药物—青蒿素。【1】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“ChinesescientistTuYouyousharedtheotherhalfoftheprizefordevelopingArtemisinin,adrugthathelpskilltheparasitethatcausesmalaria.”可知，青蒿素是一种帮助杀死导致疟疾的寄生虫的药物。故选B项。【2】细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“Avermectincomesfrombacteria,butartemisinincomesfromplants.”可知，阿维菌素来自细菌故选A项。【3】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第二句内容“Millionsofpeoplearestilltroubledbyinfectionscausedbyparasites.ButtheWHOsaidthatby2013，malariadeathshadfallenby47percentcomparedwith2000.”可知。数以百万计的人仍然被寄生虫引起的感染所困扰但世界卫生组织表示，到2013年，疟疾死亡人数比2000年下降了47%。由此可知，青蒿素的发现，已经挽救了数百万人的生命。故选C项。能力提升练5.【语法填空能力提升】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。World-famousphysicistStephenHawkinghasdiedattheageof76.Hedied【1】(peaceful)athishomeinCambridgeintheearly【2】(hour)ofWednesday.Hawkingwasknown【3】thepublicforhisworkwithblackholesandrelativity.andwroteseveralpopularsciencebooks,includingABriefHistoryofTime.Attheageof22,Prof.Hawking【4】(give)onlyafewyearstoliveafterdoctorsdeclaredthathesufferedfromararedisease.Theillnesslefthiminawheelchairandhewas【5】(able)tospeakexceptthroughavoicesynthesizer(合成器)Prof.Hawkingwasthefirst【6】(set)outatheoryofcosmology(宇宙学)explainedbyaunionofthegeneraltheoryofrelativityandquantummechanics.Healsodiscoveredthatblackholes【7】(leak)energyandfadetonothing-aphenomenonthatwould【8】(late)becomeknownasHawkingradiation.ThroughhisworkwithmathematicianSirRogerPenrose,heprovedthatEinstein'sgeneraltheoryofrelativitysuggestsspaceandtimewouldhaveabeginningintheBigBangand【9】endinblackholes.Inastatementhischildrenpraisedhis“courageandpersistence”andsaidhis“brillianceandhumour”inspiredpeopleacrosstheworld.Theyadded,“Heoncesaid.‘Itwouldnotbemuchofauniver