中医学术论文写作-课件

中医学术论文写作兰凤利上海中医药大学2022/12/241中医学术论文写作兰凤利上海中医药大学2022/12/16中医学术论文英文写作1写作目的2论文结构3写作要求4写作方法2022/12/242中医学术论文英文写作1写作目的2022/12/1621.写作目的发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按2005年收录分析）（IF/2004年）：(1)JournalofAlternativeandComplementaryMedicine

（1.401）

(2)ComplementaryTherapiesinMedicine

(1.317)

(3)AlternativeTherapiesinHealthandMedicine

(0.971)

(4)AmericanJournalofChineseMedicine

(0.593)

(5)Acupuncture&Electro-TherapeuticsResearch（0.341）2022/12/2431.写作目的发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。202论文结构(structure/format)2.1扉页(titlepage)2.2正文(mainbody)2.3附录(appendix)2022/12/2442论文结构(structure/format)2.1扉2.1TitlePage扉页(TAA)TitleAuthor’sfullnameandprofessionaladdressAbstractorSummary[Objective,Method,Results,Conclusion]Keywords(Supported/funded/granted/sponsoredbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation(标书号、合同号等）//AprojectfundedbytheNational“863”Program)

2022/12/2452.1TitlePage扉页(TAA)Title202.2MainBody正文(IMRaD)IntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResults(and)Discussion(Conclusion)2022/12/2462.2MainBody正文(IMRaD)Introdu2.3Appendix附录AcknowledgementReferences2022/12/2472.3Appendix附录Acknowledgement3写作要求(Requirements)TheUniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals(URMSBJ,5thEd.,1997)formulatedbyTheInternationalCommitteeofMedicalJournalEditors(ICMJE):2022/12/2483写作要求(Requirements)TheUnifo3.1Introduction引言Thepurposeofanintroductionistobringthereaderintothegeneralareaofyourstudyandthenstatethespecificareaofstudy(movefromthegeneraltothespecific).Theintroductionshowsthescopeofyourinvestigationefforts.2022/12/2493.1Introduction引言ThepurposeIntroduction<200words背景——Statementofgeneralareaorhistoryofproblem意义——Statementofimportanceorneed进展——Statementofpreviousfindings,reportsorstudies(citations)目的——Statementofpurposeofcurrentstudy范围——Statementofspecificareaofproblemtobestudied2022/12/2410Introduction<200words背景——Stat3.2MaterialsandMethods材料与方法Readersmustbeabletoreproduceyourresults,evaluatethevalidityofyourresultsandthesoundnessofyourmethods,andfollowthelogicinthepaper.2022/12/24113.2MaterialsandMethods材料与方MaterialsandMethods简要说明研究设计（Studydesign）详细说明研究对象：Patients,Subjects,healthyvolunteers,animals(sex,age,species,breed,physiologicalstate,etc.)随机分组方法和选择标准（Methodsofanyrandomassignmentofsubjectstogroupsandcriteriaforadmissiontostudygroups）药物（Drug）,激素（hormone）,试剂（reagent）,其它化学品（otherchemicals）,商标（trademark）,生产厂家（manufacturer）及所在地（location）简要说明测定方法（Methodofmeasurement）简要说明统计分析方法（Methodofstatisticalanalysis）2022/12/2412MaterialsandMethods简要说明研究设计（MaterialsandMethodsApprovalfrom“InstitutionalReviewBoard”(“informedconsent”frompatientsandexplanationon“AnimalWelfareAct”)RandomizedControlledTrial,RCT:JAMA1996;276:637-639或/statement.HtmPasttense2022/12/2413MaterialsandMethodsApproval3.3Results结果Thissectiontellsthereaderwhathappenedinyourwork.Remember:letyourresultsspeakforthemselvesanddon’tembellish(leavethatforDiscussionsection)

2022/12/24143.3Results结果ThissectiontelResultsOverviewoftheresultsStatisticalsignificanceStatisticalsupport,suchasfigures,tables,pictures,etc.2022/12/2415ResultsOverviewoftheresultsResultsInchronologicalorderIntegrated,clear,pithy,correlated,andlogicalPasttense(presenttense:truthorwell-knownfact,e.g.Erectiledysfunctioniscommoninmenwithdiabetes.)Significant/significance:2022/12/2416ResultsInchronologicalorder2Pointsforattention:Suchexpressionsas“Theresultstendedtobegreaterthan…”,“…showednopromisingtrends”,“Itcould/mightbeinhibitedby…”shouldbeavoided.2022/12/2417Pointsforattention:Suchexp3.4Discussion讨论Theauthorshouldtellthereaderwhattheresultsmeanbyplacingtheminthecontextofpreviouspublishedstudiesoftheproblem.2022/12/24183.4Discussion讨论TheauthorshDiscussion简要说明研究背景(Background)简要介绍总的发现(Generalfindings)介绍具体要点(Introductionofpoints)与先有发现(若有)进行比较(Comparisoninthecontextofotherstudies)意义(Suggestedmeaning)结论(Conclusion):Weconcludethat…前瞻研究(Futurestudies)2022/12/2419Discussion简要说明研究背景(BackgroundDiscussionTense分清实验过程和结果（pasttense）与分析意见（presenttense）；他人研究结果（pasttense或presentperfect）与本研究结果（pasttense）；普遍适用的结论（presenttense）与只适用本研究的结论（pasttense）；2022/12/2420DiscussionTense2022/12/1620DiscussionTheUseofParenthesis:however,webelieve/think/consider,toourknowledge,inourexperience(practice)避免含糊的倾向：Theseresultsseemtosuggestthatoralsildenafilcould

beusefulinsomeselectedpopulationsandcertainconditions.2022/12/2421DiscussionTheUseofParenthes3.5Acknowledgement致谢Alwaysgettheperson’sapprovalofyourintentiontomentionhimintheacknowledgementandoftheforminwhichyouwillpresenttheacknowledgement.2022/12/24223.5Acknowledgement致谢AlwaysgAcknowledgementThisstudywassupportedbyMedicalResearchFundsfromStateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Dr.WangwassupportedbyaNationalResearchCouncilAssociate-ship.WethankLiYunlongforhisassistancewithtechnicalaspectsofthisstudy.WearegratefultoMeiMeifor

assistanceinpreparingthemanuscript.2022/12/2423AcknowledgementThisstudywas3.6References参考文献Referencestylesshouldbespecifictoeachjournal.

[[References:UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals[/journals/resource/unifrqr.htm]E.g.2022/12/24243.6References参考文献ReferencesVegaKJ,PinaI,KreveskyB.Hearttransplantationisassociatedwithanincreasedriskforpancreatobiliarydisease.AnnInternMed1996Jun1;124(11):980-3.(标准杂志文章)RingsvenMK,BondD.Gerontologyandleadershipskillsfornurse.2nded.Albany(NY):Delmarpublisher;1996.(作者为个人的书或专著)NormanIJ,RedfernSJ,editors.Mentalhealthcareforelderlypeople.NewYork:ChurchillLivingstone;1996.(有主编的书或专著)2022/12/2425VegaKJ,PinaI,KreveskyB.HReferences参考文献在排印中（InPress/Forthcoming）,e.g.LeshnerAl.Molecularmechanismsofcocaineaddiction.NEnglJMed.InPress1996.个人交流（personalcommunication），尽量避免使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：InaletterreceivedfromRobertJGlynn,MD.inJanuary2005,hestatedthat…InaconversationinMarch2006,DenisAEvans,MDreportedthat…OurfindingsinthisaspectofthestudyagreewiththoseofPaulAScherr,PhD(writtencommunication,September2005)2022/12/2426References参考文献在排印中（InPress/F3.7others其它插图说明：Typeorprintoutlegendsforillustrationsusingdoublespacing,startingonaseparatepage.插图：Designyourfiguresfortheappropriatereduction.表格：Atableshouldbetotallyself-containedunitofinformation.2022/12/24273.7others其它插图说明：Typeorprin4英文写作4.1论文写作ABC4.2论文标题的撰写4.3论文摘要的翻译与写作2022/12/24284英文写作4.1论文写作ABC2022/12/16284.1写作ABC4.1.1Passiveoractive?Patientswereinstructedontheuseoforalsildenafil.Bloodlevelsweremonitoredeveryfourhours.Weinstructedeachpatientonuseoforalsildenafilandshowedpatientshowtorecordbloodglucosevalueseveryfourhours.2022/12/24294.1写作ABC4.1.1Passiveoracti4.1.2WeorI?(singleauthor)“Resolvetotakethegreatleapandsay

I.Everybodyshouldbynowrecognizethatamaskismoreconspicuousthanaface.”

WilsonFollett,ModernAmericanUsageTheauthor(I)Thisstudy,thisreport,thisresearch,thisthesis(I)2022/12/24304.1.2WeorI?(singleauthor)4.1.3写作ABCPrewriting:toselectajournal,andread“InstructionstoAuthors”;Simpleoutliningonthebasisofyourresearchmaterials;FromInteriortoExterior:writing“materialsandmethods”,“results”,and“discussion”first,thenwriting“introduction”,“abstract”and“title”.2022/12/24314.1.3写作ABC2022/12/16314.2论文标题的撰写Titlesaretobewrittentobeunderstoodbythoseinyourfield,tellingthemexactlywhatyouhavedoneinyourwork.

2022/12/24324.2论文标题的撰写Titlesaretobewr4.2.1文题的一般要求Titlesshouldbeshort,clear,andamenabletoindexing.(JAMA)1)shortandconcise:Writeinoneline(notasentence),notcontaininganactiveverb,notexceeding25wordsor120-140lettersandspaces,noabbreviationsorchemicalsymbolsexceptthosethataregenerallyaccepted,e.g.DNA,RNA,AIDS,CT;(Cvcouldbeexplainedascardiovascularorcostovertebral,etc.)2022/12/24334.2.1文题的一般要求Titlesshouldbe2)Informative:Stateexactlywhatyouwantthereadertoknowaboutyourpaperandyourwork;3)Indexing:Packasmanykeywordsorindexingtermsaspossibleintothetitlewithoutoverloadingit,keywordsnotinthetitlewillbeintheabstractorcangointhe“KeyWords”sectionofthepaper,keywordsareusuallyinthebeginningorendingofthetitle.2022/12/24342)Informative:Stateexactly4.2.2简洁

——副标题的使用副标题的作用A.突出病例数GallstoneIleus:AReviewof40CasesB.突出重点内容AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome:DiseaseCharacteristicsandOralManifestationsBalancing:TreatmentofGynecologicalDiseases2022/12/24354.2.2简洁

——副标题C.突出研究方法UrineCannabinoidAnalysis:AnIntegratedMultimethodApproachD.突出同位关系AcademicDismissals:DueProcess

2022/12/2436C.突出研究方法2022/12/1636E.解释性用词PancreatitisinSystemiclupuserythematosus(SLE):AcasereportandreviewoftheliteratureExamplesofPairedMedicinals:ExperiencesinCompatibilityDevelopedbyDifferentSchools2022/12/2437E.解释性用词2022/12/1637F.提问或选择Ischronicabdominalpainasurgicalsymptomorapsychiatricsymptom?Chronicabdominalpain:asurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?2022/12/2438F.提问或选择2022/12/16384.2.3介词的使用

researchonmanagementforobservationonexperienceinintroductiontocontrastbetweensurgeryfor2022/12/24394.2.3介词的使用researchon20224.2.4格式1)词组式SomeAspectsofRenalTumorsEffectsofGlucoseonNeuroblastomainVitroandinVivoPatternIdentificationandTreatmentofDysmenorrheaExperiencesinTreatingInfantileHighFeverTreatmentofGlobusHystericus(Plum-PitQi)withIntegrativeMedicine2022/12/24404.2.4格式1)词组式2022/12/16402)主谓式Let’sDoAwaywithSmallpoxDietaryCholesterolAsCarcinogenicforHumanColonCancer2022/12/24412)主谓式2022/12/1641(3)疑问式CanProstatectomyBeImproved?MustWeSpecializeHerniorrhaphyforBetterResults?DoesDangguiSiniDecoctionContainFreshGinger?WhatAretheIndicationsofScutellariaDecoction?2022/12/2442(3)疑问式2022/12/16424.3论文摘要的翻译与写作4.3.1论文摘要的作用4.3.2论文摘要的分类4.3.3论文摘要中时态的应用2022/12/24434.3论文摘要的翻译与写作4.3.1论文摘要的作用2024.3.1论文摘要的作用“Thefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper.Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper.”URMSBJ2022/12/24444.3.1论文摘要的作用“Thefunctionof4.3.2论文摘要的分类AbstractIndicativeInformativeNon-structuredStructured2022/12/24454.3.2论文摘要的分类AbstractIndicativIndicativeAbstract（通报性或指示性摘要）：只通报主题，不介绍研究的材料、方法和结果，一般用现在时表达，如：Freetransferoftwoundamagedfingersfromanon-replantableleftarmtoamutilatedrighthandina16-year-oldboyisreported.本文报道将一无法再植的左臂上的两个未受损伤的手指移植给一16岁男孩被切断的右手。InformativeAbstract

（资料性摘要）：告诉读者研究的总体情况，使他们了解研究的目的、材料、方法、结果、结论以及存在的问题。2022/12/2446IndicativeAbstract（通报性或指示性摘要）论文摘要的分类AbstractNon-StructuredStructuredObjectiveMethodsResultsConclusion2022/12/2447论文摘要的分类AbstractNon-StructuredS4.3.3论文摘要中时态的应用1)Objective/Purpose/AimBackground:presenttenseorpresentperfectObjective:presenttenseorpresentperfectorpasttense2)Materials,methodsandresults:pasttense3)Conclusion:pasttense,orpresenttense2022/12/24484.3.3论文摘要中时态的应用1)Objective/PThankyouforyourattention!兰凤利fengli.lan@163.com2022/12/2449兰凤利2022/12/1649中医学术论文写作兰凤利上海中医药大学2022/12/2450中医学术论文写作兰凤利上海中医药大学2022/12/16中医学术论文英文写作1写作目的2论文结构3写作要求4写作方法2022/12/2451中医学术论文英文写作1写作目的2022/12/1621.写作目的发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。与中医药有关的SCI期刊（按2005年收录分析）（IF/2004年）：(1)JournalofAlternativeandComplementaryMedicine

（1.401）

(2)ComplementaryTherapiesinMedicine

(1.317)

(3)AlternativeTherapiesinHealthandMedicine

(0.971)

(4)AmericanJournalofChineseMedicine

(0.593)

(5)Acupuncture&Electro-TherapeuticsResearch（0.341）2022/12/24521.写作目的发表在国际知名学术期刊，如SCI收录期刊。202论文结构(structure/format)2.1扉页(titlepage)2.2正文(mainbody)2.3附录(appendix)2022/12/24532论文结构(structure/format)2.1扉2.1TitlePage扉页(TAA)TitleAuthor’sfullnameandprofessionaladdressAbstractorSummary[Objective,Method,Results,Conclusion]Keywords(Supported/funded/granted/sponsoredbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundation(标书号、合同号等）//AprojectfundedbytheNational“863”Program)

2022/12/24542.1TitlePage扉页(TAA)Title202.2MainBody正文(IMRaD)IntroductionMaterialsandmethodsResults(and)Discussion(Conclusion)2022/12/24552.2MainBody正文(IMRaD)Introdu2.3Appendix附录AcknowledgementReferences2022/12/24562.3Appendix附录Acknowledgement3写作要求(Requirements)TheUniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals(URMSBJ,5thEd.,1997)formulatedbyTheInternationalCommitteeofMedicalJournalEditors(ICMJE):2022/12/24573写作要求(Requirements)TheUnifo3.1Introduction引言Thepurposeofanintroductionistobringthereaderintothegeneralareaofyourstudyandthenstatethespecificareaofstudy(movefromthegeneraltothespecific).Theintroductionshowsthescopeofyourinvestigationefforts.2022/12/24583.1Introduction引言ThepurposeIntroduction<200words背景——Statementofgeneralareaorhistoryofproblem意义——Statementofimportanceorneed进展——Statementofpreviousfindings,reportsorstudies(citations)目的——Statementofpurposeofcurrentstudy范围——Statementofspecificareaofproblemtobestudied2022/12/2459Introduction<200words背景——Stat3.2MaterialsandMethods材料与方法Readersmustbeabletoreproduceyourresults,evaluatethevalidityofyourresultsandthesoundnessofyourmethods,andfollowthelogicinthepaper.2022/12/24603.2MaterialsandMethods材料与方MaterialsandMethods简要说明研究设计（Studydesign）详细说明研究对象：Patients,Subjects,healthyvolunteers,animals(sex,age,species,breed,physiologicalstate,etc.)随机分组方法和选择标准（Methodsofanyrandomassignmentofsubjectstogroupsandcriteriaforadmissiontostudygroups）药物（Drug）,激素（hormone）,试剂（reagent）,其它化学品（otherchemicals）,商标（trademark）,生产厂家（manufacturer）及所在地（location）简要说明测定方法（Methodofmeasurement）简要说明统计分析方法（Methodofstatisticalanalysis）2022/12/2461MaterialsandMethods简要说明研究设计（MaterialsandMethodsApprovalfrom“InstitutionalReviewBoard”(“informedconsent”frompatientsandexplanationon“AnimalWelfareAct”)RandomizedControlledTrial,RCT:JAMA1996;276:637-639或/statement.HtmPasttense2022/12/2462MaterialsandMethodsApproval3.3Results结果Thissectiontellsthereaderwhathappenedinyourwork.Remember:letyourresultsspeakforthemselvesanddon’tembellish(leavethatforDiscussionsection)

2022/12/24633.3Results结果ThissectiontelResultsOverviewoftheresultsStatisticalsignificanceStatisticalsupport,suchasfigures,tables,pictures,etc.2022/12/2464ResultsOverviewoftheresultsResultsInchronologicalorderIntegrated,clear,pithy,correlated,andlogicalPasttense(presenttense:truthorwell-knownfact,e.g.Erectiledysfunctioniscommoninmenwithdiabetes.)Significant/significance:2022/12/2465ResultsInchronologicalorder2Pointsforattention:Suchexpressionsas“Theresultstendedtobegreaterthan…”,“…showednopromisingtrends”,“Itcould/mightbeinhibitedby…”shouldbeavoided.2022/12/2466Pointsforattention:Suchexp3.4Discussion讨论Theauthorshouldtellthereaderwhattheresultsmeanbyplacingtheminthecontextofpreviouspublishedstudiesoftheproblem.2022/12/24673.4Discussion讨论TheauthorshDiscussion简要说明研究背景(Background)简要介绍总的发现(Generalfindings)介绍具体要点(Introductionofpoints)与先有发现(若有)进行比较(Comparisoninthecontextofotherstudies)意义(Suggestedmeaning)结论(Conclusion):Weconcludethat…前瞻研究(Futurestudies)2022/12/2468Discussion简要说明研究背景(BackgroundDiscussionTense分清实验过程和结果（pasttense）与分析意见（presenttense）；他人研究结果（pasttense或presentperfect）与本研究结果（pasttense）；普遍适用的结论（presenttense）与只适用本研究的结论（pasttense）；2022/12/2469DiscussionTense2022/12/1620DiscussionTheUseofParenthesis:however,webelieve/think/consider,toourknowledge,inourexperience(practice)避免含糊的倾向：Theseresultsseemtosuggestthatoralsildenafilcould

beusefulinsomeselectedpopulationsandcertainconditions.2022/12/2470DiscussionTheUseofParenthes3.5Acknowledgement致谢Alwaysgettheperson’sapprovalofyourintentiontomentionhimintheacknowledgementandoftheforminwhichyouwillpresenttheacknowledgement.2022/12/24713.5Acknowledgement致谢AlwaysgAcknowledgementThisstudywassupportedbyMedicalResearchFundsfromStateAdministrationofTraditionalChineseMedicine.Dr.WangwassupportedbyaNationalResearchCouncilAssociate-ship.WethankLiYunlongforhisassistancewithtechnicalaspectsofthisstudy.WearegratefultoMeiMeifor

assistanceinpreparingthemanuscript.2022/12/2472AcknowledgementThisstudywas3.6References参考文献Referencestylesshouldbespecifictoeachjournal.

[[References:UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals[/journals/resource/unifrqr.htm]E.g.2022/12/24733.6References参考文献ReferencesVegaKJ,PinaI,KreveskyB.Hearttransplantationisassociatedwithanincreasedriskforpancreatobiliarydisease.AnnInternMed1996Jun1;124(11):980-3.(标准杂志文章)RingsvenMK,BondD.Gerontologyandleadershipskillsfornurse.2nded.Albany(NY):Delmarpublisher;1996.(作者为个人的书或专著)NormanIJ,RedfernSJ,editors.Mentalhealthcareforelderlypeople.NewYork:ChurchillLivingstone;1996.(有主编的书或专著)2022/12/2474VegaKJ,PinaI,KreveskyB.HReferences参考文献在排印中（InPress/Forthcoming）,e.g.LeshnerAl.Molecularmechanismsofcocaineaddiction.NEnglJMed.InPress1996.个人交流（personalcommunication），尽量避免使用（ICMJE），如确需使用，可采用以下形式：InaletterreceivedfromRobertJGlynn,MD.inJanuary2005,hestatedthat…InaconversationinMarch2006,DenisAEvans,MDreportedthat…OurfindingsinthisaspectofthestudyagreewiththoseofPaulAScherr,PhD(writtencommunication,September2005)2022/12/2475References参考文献在排印中（InPress/F3.7others其它插图说明：Typeorprintoutlegendsforillustrationsusingdoublespacing,startingonaseparatepage.插图：Designyourfiguresfortheappropriatereduction.表格：Atableshouldbetotallyself-containedunitofinformation.2022/12/24763.7others其它插图说明：Typeorprin4英文写作4.1论文写作ABC4.2论文标题的撰写4.3论文摘要的翻译与写作2022/12/24774英文写作4.1论文写作ABC2022/12/16284.1写作ABC4.1.1Passiveoractive?Patientswereinstructedontheuseoforalsildenafil.Bloodlevelsweremonitoredeveryfourhours.Weinstructedeachpatientonuseoforalsildenafilandshowedpatientshowtorecordbloodglucosevalueseveryfourhours.2022/12/24784.1写作ABC4.1.1Passiveoracti4.1.2WeorI?(singleauthor)“Resolvetotakethegreatleapandsay

I.Everybodyshouldbynowrecognizethatamaskismoreconspicuousthanaface.”

WilsonFollett,ModernAmericanUsageTheauthor(I)Thisstudy,thisreport,thisresearch,thisthesis(I)2022/12/24794.1.2WeorI?(singleauthor)4.1.3写作ABCPrewriting:toselectajournal,andread“InstructionstoAuthors”;Simpleoutliningonthebasisofyourresearchmaterials;FromInteriortoExterior:writing“materialsandmethods”,“results”,and“discussion”first,thenwriting“introduction”,“abstract”and“title”.2022/12/24804.1.3写作ABC2022/12/16314.2论文标题的撰写Titlesaretobewrittentobeunderstoodbythoseinyourfield,tellingthemexactlywhatyouhavedoneinyourwork.

2022/12/24814.2论文标题的撰写Titlesaretobewr4.2.1文题的一般要求Titlesshouldbeshort,clear,andamenabletoindexing.(JAMA)1)shortandconcise:Writeinoneline(notasentence),notcontaininganactiveverb,notexceeding25wordsor120-140lettersandspaces,noabbreviationsorchemicalsymbolsexceptthosethataregenerallyaccepted,e.g.DNA,RNA,AIDS,CT;(Cvcouldbeexplainedascardiovascularorcostovertebral,etc.)2022/12/24824.2.1文题的一般要求Titlesshouldbe2)Informative:Stateexactlywhatyouwantthereadertoknowaboutyourpaperandyourwork;3)Indexing:Packasmanykeywordsorindexingtermsaspossibleintothetitlewithoutoverloadingit,keywordsnotinthetitlewillbeintheabstractorcangointhe“KeyWords”sectionofthepaper,keywordsareusuallyinthebeginningorendingofthetitle.2022/12/24832)Informative:Stateexactly4.2.2简洁

——副标题的使用副标题的作用A.突出病例数GallstoneIleus:AReviewof40CasesB.突出重点内容AcquiredImmuneDeficiencySyndrome:DiseaseCharacteristicsandOralManifestationsBalancing:TreatmentofGynecologicalDiseases2022/12/24844.2.2简洁

——副标题C.突出研究方法UrineCannabinoidAnalysis:AnIntegratedMultimethodApproachD.突出同位关系AcademicDismissals:DueProcess

2022/12/2485C.突出研究方法2022/12/1636E.解释性用词PancreatitisinSystemiclupuserythematosus(SLE):AcasereportandreviewoftheliteratureExamplesofPairedMedicinals:ExperiencesinCompatibilityDevelopedbyDifferentSchools