从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句） 【思维导图+知识拓展+能力提升+ 模板引路】高考英语高效备考满分突破

从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）Part01定语从句1：考点梳理引导定语从句的关系词；限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；“介词＋关系代词”的结构；关系词之间的异同及选用。考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.(2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.考点2关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom人宾语MrSmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.whose人、物定语Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.that人、物主语、宾语Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主语、宾语Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人、物主语、宾语Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用onwhich替换where地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用inwhich替换why原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich替换考点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1.限制性定语从句中，只用关系代词that的情况：(1)先行词是all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词。IwilltellyoueverythingthatIknow.(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰。Whatisthefirstforeigncitythatyouhaveeverbeento?(3)先行词被theonly,thevery(正好),thelast,all,any,every,no,little,much,some等限定词修饰。Chattingistheonlythingthatinterestsher.(4)先行词中既有人也有物。Thethingsandpersonsthattheymentionedarestrangetome.(5)在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。Whoistheboythatislyingunderthetree?2.先行词指物时，只用关系代词which的情况：(1)“介词＋关系代词”结构中。Thehouseinwhichweliveisverylarge.(2)非限制性定语从句中。Hechangedhismind,whichmademeangry.(3)先行词本身是that。Whatisthatwhichyouhaveputintoyourschoolbagjustnow?考点4限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别类别语法意义及特征例句限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开TheaccidenthappenedatthetimewhenIleft.非限制性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不是十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词作宾语时也不能省略Hismother,whomheloveddeeply,diedtenyearsago.考点5关系代词as和which的区别1.位置不同。as引导的定语从句可位于句首、句中、句末；which引导的定语从句不能位于句首。Asweallknow,lifeisnotabedofroses.Lifeisnotabedofroses,whichweallknow.2.意义不同。as意为“正如，就像”，引导的从句表达人的观点、事物的习惯性等意义，主要起承上启下的作用；which意为“这一点”，引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，补充说明主句的状态或结果。Asoftenhappened,theywonthefootballgameagain.Itrainedheavily,whichpreventedusfromgoingout.3.当先行词被such,so,as等词修饰时，一般用as引导定语从句。Suchbooksasyouwantaresoldout.Part02名词性从句1：考点梳理主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法；易混引导词的辨析；名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的区分。考点1基本用法引导词类别常见引导词作用连接代词what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever有词义，在从句中担任主语、表语、宾语、或定语等成分连接副词how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever有词义，在从句中担任状语成分从属连词that,whether,if除that外均有词义，在从句中不担任成分，只起连接作用考点2主语从句1.引导词在复合句中充当主句主语的从句叫作主语从句。主语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词：that,whether,if(2)连接代词：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)连接副词：how,when,where,why,however,whenever,wherever2.it作形式主语在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句尾。用it作形式主语通常有以下四种句型：(1)It＋be＋形容词＋从句：Itisnecessarythat...有必要……Itisimportantthat...重要的是……Itisobviousthat...很明显……(2)It＋be＋过去分词＋从句：Itisbelievedthat...人们相信……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Ithasbeendecidedthat...已决定……(3)It＋be＋名词(短语)＋从句：Itiscommonknowledgethat...……是常识Itisasurprisethat...令人惊奇的是……Itisafactthat...事实是……(4)It＋不及物动词/动词短语＋从句：Itappearsthat...似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccurstosb.that...某人突然想起……Itdoesn’tmatterwhether...……没有关系考点3宾语从句动词+宾语从句Iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou.介词+wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句Hisfatherisworriedaboutwhetherhewouldlosehiswork.besides/beyond/but/except/that(除了)Haveyouheardanythingbeyondthatheisill?Criticismandself-criticismisnecessarybutthatithelpsuscorrectourmistakes.find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等+it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,seeto等+it+宾语从句Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthsfulloffood.形容词+宾语从句I’msurethattheycanmakeit.考点4表语从句1.引导词在复合句中充当表语的从句叫作表语从句，可接表语从句的连系动词有be,seem,look,sound,taste,feel,remain,appear等。表语从句的常见引导词有：(1)从属连词：that,whether(2)连接代词：what,which,who,whose,whom,whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever(3)连接副词：how,when,where,why2.几种特殊的表语从句(1)asif/though引导的表语从句此类表语从句常出现在seem,look,sound,taste,feel,appear等连系动词后，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。ItsoundsasifyouarefromCanada.Itseemedasifshehadheardthenews.(2)because和why引导的表语从句此类表语从句常用于以下句型：this/thatiswhy...这/那是……的原因this/thatisbecause...这/那是因为……注意：主句主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，而不用because或why。Theaccidentthathappenedyesterdaywasbecausethedriverhadbeendrunk.Thereasonforyesterday’saccidentisthatthedriverwasdrunk.考点5同位语从句常见的能接同位语从句的名词belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought,word引导词同位语从句一般用that引导,但根据语境的不同,也可以用其他的连接代词和连接副词。引导同位语从句的that不能省略例句Thenewsthatourwomenvolleyballteamhadwonthechampionshipencouragedusallgreatly.Thequestionwhereweshallhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.考点6连词whether和if在名词性从句中的使用1.用whether或if均可的情况(1)whether可引导各种名词性从句。引导大部分动词后的宾语从句时，两者均可。(2)it作形式主语，且主语从句在句末时，两者均可引导主语从句。Ithasn’tbeendecidedwhether/ifweshallstudyabroad.2.用whether而不用if的情况(1)主语从句和宾语从句置于句首Whetherwewillgocampingdependsontheweather.Whetherhewillsucceed,Ican’tsay.(2)引导表语从句和同位语从句Thequestioniswhetherwecangetintouchwithhim.Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherhewillattendthemeeting.(3)引导介词的宾语从句Everythingdependsonwhetherwehavefreetime.(4)引导词与ornot连用Hedoesn’tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtostay.(5)引导词后接todoTheyneededmoretimetoconsiderwhethertoholdameeting.(6)有些动词如discuss,decide等后的宾语从句Wediscussedwhetherweshouldholdameeting.(7)避免用if引导产生歧义Letmeknowwhetheryouarecomingtoourparty.Part03状语从句1：考点梳理and和but的用法区别；while表对比的用法。时间、地点、原因、结果、目的、让步、条件、方式和比较状语从句等；常用的引导状语从句的连词。考点1基本用法1.并列句的用法及常见连词用法连词表并列、递进或顺承关系and，both...and...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...，aswellas表转折关系but(不可与although/though连用),yet表选择关系either...or...，not...but...，or，orelse，ratherthan表因果关系for(表“由于”，一般不放在句首)，soand与or用于并列句祈使句＋and＋陈述句，and表顺承祈使句＋or＋陈述句，or表转折while表对比强调对比关系，意为“然而；而”2.状语从句的类型及常见连接词状语从句类型常见连接词时间状语从句when,while,as,before,after,since,till,until,immediately,assoonas,everytime地点状语从句where,wherever让步状语从句though/although,evenif/eventhough,while,“疑问词-ever”，“nomatter＋疑问词”条件状语从句if,once,unless,incase,as/solongas,onconditionthat原因状语从句because,as,since,nowthat,seeingthat,inthat,consideringthat,forthereasonthat结果状语从句sothat,so/such...that目的状语从句sothat,inorderthat,forfear(that),incase比较状语从句than,as...as,notso...as方式状语从句as,asif/asthough考点2时间状语从句关联词或短语意义例句when,while,as当……的时候Hejumpedupwhenthephonerang.Welistenedwhiletheteacherread.ThephonerangjustasIwasleaving.(as强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生;while从句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,不能是非延续性动词)till,until直到JanecompletedherlastnovelPersuasionin1816,butitwasnotpublisheduntilafterherdeath.(until要与延续性动词连用;not...until要与非延续性动词连用)since自从Itistwoyearssincehejoinedthearmy.他参军两年了。Itistwoyearssincehesmoked.他戒烟两年了。(其后所用动词不同,该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同)themoment,theminute,theinstant,thesecond;nosooner...than...;hardly...when...;assoonas;directly,immediately,once一……就……Tellhimthenewsassoonasyouseehim.Irecognizedherthemoment(that)Isawher.Iwanttoseehimtheminute(that)hearrives.IwenthomedirectlyIhadfinishedwork.Oncehearrives,wecanstart.考点3结果状语从句关联短语或结构意义例句sothat结果Hedidn’tplanhistimewell,sothathedidn’tfinishhisworkintime.so+形容词/副词+that从句如此……以至于……XiaoMingissocleverthatallhisteacherslikehim.so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句Itissobeautifulascenerythatmanypeoplelooklostinit.so+many/much/little/few+名词+that从句Therewassolittlewaterinthejarthatitwasnotenoughforallofus.such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that从句Weleftinsuchahurrythatweforgottolockthedoor.such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that从句TheyaresuchinterestingbooksthatIwanttoreadthemoncemore.考点4让步状语从句关联词或短语意义例句though,although虽然Although/Thoughsmall,thecompanyhasabout1,000buyersinover30countries.(although和though用正常语序,可和yet连用,但不可和but连用)as虽然Hardas/thoughheworks,hemakeslittleprogress.=Thoughheworkshard,hemakeslittleprogress.(在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式,可被though替换)evenif,eventhough即使Eventhough/ifyousayso,Idonotbelieveit.nomatterwhat,whatever,nomatterwho,whoever,nomatterwhich,whichever,nomatterhow,however,nomatterwhen,whenever无论……Whoeverbreakslawswillbepunished.=Nomatterwhobreakslaws,he/shewillbepunished.(“疑问词+ever”=“nomatter+疑问词”,“疑问词+ever”也可以引导名词性从句)while尽管,虽然Whileheloveshisstudents,heisverystrictwiththem.(一般位于句首,用于句中时,译为“然而”,表对照对比关系)whether...ornot无论(是否)Whetheryoubelieveitornot,itistrue.考点5条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的常用连接词有if,once,unless,incase,as/solongas,onconditionthat,supposing(that),given(that),providing/provided(that)等。1.if(1)若主句为将来时，if从句多用一般现在时表将来。Ifitsnowstomorrow,wewillgoskiing.(2)ifpossible/necessary意为“如有可能，如有必要”。If(itis)necessary,pleasebringyourcomputerhere.(3)onlyif和ifonlyonlyif意为“只有”，置于句首时主句的主谓要用部分倒装。ifonly意为“但愿，要是……就好了”，引导的从句要用虚拟语气。Onlyifyouworkhardercanyoucatchupwithothers.Ifonlyitcouldbesunnytomorrow.2.unlessunless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，否则”，可替换成if...not...。Pleasedon’tspeak,unlessyouareinvited.＝Pleasedon’tspeak,ifyouarenotinvited.考点6比较状语从句比较状语从句一般位于句尾，常用than,as...as...，notas/so...as...等引导。1.than前的形容词和副词用比较级形式。It’seasierthanIthought.Isingbetterthanhedoes.＝Hedoesn’tsingaswellasIdo.2.as...as...表示“前者与后者一样……”，notas/so...as...表示“前者不如后者……”，形容词和副词均用原级。常用于以下句型：as＋adj./adv.＋asas＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋asas＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋asas＋much/little＋不可数名词＋asIhaveasgoodasisterasyouhave.I’mnotasconsiderateassomanypeopleseemtothink.Theyarehavingalmostasmuchunemploymentasweare.考点7状语从句中的省略1.在时间、地点、条件、方式、让步或比较状语从句中，当从句和主句主语一致，且从句中又有be动词时，可将从句主语及be动词省略。Heopenedthedeskdrawer,asif(hewas)insearchofsomethingimportant.2.当从句主语为代词it，从句中又有be动词时，从句主语及be动词可省略。Comealongwithyourteacherif(itis)possible.3.当从句是therebe结构时，therebe可省略。Youcanaskmeque