话题7-社会行为准则（知识梳理+专题过关） 【知识建构迁移】 人教版九年级英语 上学期期中核心考点满分突破

话题7-社会行为准则【知识梳理】本单元以“社会行为准则”为话题，结合此话题就学校和家庭的各种规章制度进行了论述。在本单元话题作文的命题过程中，命题人通常会让你就学校或家庭的某些规章制度谈一谈自己的看法。写作时多用第一人称，时态主要用一般现在时，表达观点时要有理有据，不能偏激。“三步法”写谈论规则、闸述观点类的作文。1．确定主题：引出要谈论的话题；2．谈论规则：具体哪方面的规则；3．阐述观点：赞成或者不赞成。课文回顾：1.Idon’tthinksixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtodrive.我认为不应该允许16岁的青少年开车。【句型剖析】宾语从句跟在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后，主句时态为一般现在时，且主句主语是第一人称(I,we)，变否定句时，要否定主句，而不是从句，我们称之为＂否定前移＂；变反意疑问句时，附加问句要与从句一致。Ithinkyouareright.我认为你是对的。Idon’tthinkyouareright.我认为你是不对的。Idon’tthinkheisclever,ishe?我认为他不聪明，是吗？【助记】＂否定前移＂的4个常用词我认为(think)猜想(suppose)不可相信(believe)，我期待着(expect)你的回答。【句型剖析】allowv.允许；准许allow常用于以下结构中：(1)allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事Mrs.Blackdoesn’tallowhersontoplaycomputergamesonschoolnights.布莱克夫人不允许她儿子在上学的夜晚玩电脑游戏。(2)be(not)allowedtodosth.(不)被允许做某事Passengersarenotallowedtosmoke.乘客不允许吸烟。(3)allowdoingsth.允许做某事Wedon’tallowsmokinginpublicplaces.我们不允许在公共场所吸烟。2.Teenagersshouldbeallowedto…青少年应该被允许...【句型剖析】（1）beallowedtodosth.意为“被允许做某事”，是含有情态动词的被动语态。它的结构是：情态动词＋be＋动词的过去分词。例如：Theworkcanbefinishedintwodays.这件工作可以在两天后完成。（2）它的否定形式是在情态动词的后面加not。Smokingcan’tbeallowedintheclassroom.吸烟在教室里是不被允许的。（3）一般疑问句是把情态动词提到句子开头。Canyourworkbefinishedtoday?你的工作今天能完成吗？（4）动词短语allowsomebodytodosomething的意思是“允许某人做某事”。Myparentsallowmetogoswimmingafterschool.我的父母允许我放学后去游泳。3.Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtogettheirearspierced.16岁的青少年应该被允许打耳洞。【句型剖析】gettheirearspierced意为“打耳洞”，此处get用作使役动词，相当于make或have,意为“使，让”。“get/have+宾语+过去分词”意为“使某事被做”。其中过去分词表示的动作往往是别人做的，与句子的主语无关。I’mgoingtogetmyhaircuttonight.我打算晚上去理发。【扩展】①getsb.todosth.(相当于let/make/havesb.dosth.)让某人去做某事Theteachergotmetofetchsomechalk.老师让我去拿一些粉笔。②getsb./sth.+形容词让某人/某事处于某种状态Thegirlgotherroomclean.女孩把她的房间收拾得很干净。③getsth.done(过去分词)=havesth.done(过去分词)Igetmycarmended.=Ihavemycarmended.我让别人修好我的车。4.Iregrettalkingback,notlisteningtoMom.我后悔当初顶嘴而没有听妈妈的话【句型剖析】regret此处作及物动词，意为“后悔；惋惜;懊恼”，后可接名词、代词、that或what引导的从句、动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语。regretdoingsth.意为“后悔做了某事”，用于对做过的事感到后悔。Ifyoudon'tdoitnow,you'llonlyregretit.如果你现在不做,你一定会后悔的。IdeeplyregretwhatIsaid.我非常后悔说了那些话。Heneverregretsspendingtimehelpingothers.他从不后悔花时间帮助别人。【辨析】regretdoingsth.与regrettodosth.*regretdoingsth.对做过的事感到遗憾、后悔(已做)IregrettellingherwhatIthought.我后悔告诉了她我的想法。*regrettodosth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)Iregrettohavetodoit,butIhavenochoice.我很遗憾必须做它,但我别无选择。【扩展】与regret用法类似的动词:trytodosth.努力/尽力做某事 trydoingsth.试着做某事remembertodosth.记得去做某事 rememberdoingsth.记得做过某事meantodosth.打算去做某事 meandoingsth.意味着做某事forgettodosth.忘记要做某事 forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事【句型剖析】safetyn.安全；安全性Safetycomesfirst.Weshouldobeythetrafficrulestostayawayfromaccidentsontheroad.安全是第一位的。在路上，我们应该遵守交通规则，远离交通事故。insafety处于安全的状态。Thechildrenarenowinsafety.孩子们现在安全了。【拓展】(1)safeadj.安全的；无危险的；其反义词是dangerousadj.危险的。Thisplaceisverydangerous，andyoushouldgotoasafeplace.这个地方很危险，你应该到一个安全的地方。(2)safelyadv.安全地Wegottothesmallislandsafelyfinally.我们最终安全地到达了小岛。5.Butsometimesthesecangetinthewayoftheirschoolwork…但有时这些会妨碍他们的学业…【句型剖析】getinthewayof意为“阻碍，妨碍……”。例如：Hersociallifegotinthewayofherstudies.她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。【拓展】（1）intheway有“挡路”的意思，还有“用这种方法”的意思。例如：Sorry,youareintheway.对不起，你挡路了。Inthisway，hehascollectedagreatmanystamps。用这种方法他收集了大量的邮票。（2）ontheway意为“在去某地的路上”。例如：Onthewaytothestation，Iboughtsomechocolate。在去车站的路上我买了些巧克力。（3）bytheway意为“顺便说一声”。例如：Bytheway，haveyouseenHarryrecently？顺便说一句，你最近见过哈里吗？（4）inaway意为“从某种意义上说”。例如：Inaway，itisanimportantbook。在某种意义上，这是一本重要的书。6.Iwassafeandkeptmefromdanger.我很安全，避免了危险。【句型剖析】（1）keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：Couldyoukeeptheselettersforme,please?你能替我保存这些信吗？I’llkeepaseatforyou.我给你留个座位。Canyoukeepasecret?你能保守秘密吗？（2）keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。例如：Youmustlookafteryourselfandkeephealthy.你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。Sheknewshemustkeepcalm.她知道她必须保持镇静。（3）keep的常用句型：keepdoingsth.意为“继续干某事“，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：Hekeptworkingallday,becausehewantedtofinishtheworkontime.他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。keepondoingsth.意为“持续做某事”。例如：Thepupilkeptonaskingmethesamequestion.这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。keep...fromdoingsth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：Theheavysnowkeptusfromgoingout.大雪使我们不能出去7.LiuYu,afifteen-year-oldboyfromShandong,isarunningstar.来自山东的15岁男孩刘宇是一位跑步明星。【句型剖析】fifteen-year-old既可以作形容词，也可以作名词，意为“15岁的（孩子）”。Mypenpalisasixteen-year-oldboy.我的笔友是16岁的男孩。Sixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtochoosetheirownclothes.应该允许16岁的孩子选择自己的服装。【拓展】英语合成形容词主要有如下几类：（1）数词+名词afive-minutewalk一段步行五分钟的路程（2）数词+名词+形容词asix–year-oldgirl一个六岁的女孩（3）形容词+名词afull-timeschool一所全日制学校（4）名词+现在分词/过去分词anEnglish-speakingcountry一个说英语的国家8.Wehavenothingagainstrunning.我们不反对赛跑。【句型剖析】havenothingagainst(doing)sth.意为“不反对某事/做某事”。其中against为介词,意为“反对;违背”,其反义词为for,意为“支持”。短语beagainstdoingsth.反对做某事befordoingsth.赞成做某事【拓展】against作介词,可用来表示位置,意为“倚;碰;撞”,也可表示“与对抗”Therainbeatagainstthewindow.雨点敲打着窗户。Jimisatennispro.I'mnotsureIwanttoplayagainsthim!杰姆是个职业网球选手,我当然不想跟他打啦!9.IthinkIshouldbeallowedtomakethischoicemyself.我认为应该让我自己去做这个选择。【句型剖析】choice是名词,意为“选择;挑选”,其动词形式为choose。Wearefacedwithadifficultchoice.我们面临着一个困难的抉择。【短语】makeachoice/makechoices做出选择havenochoice(buttodosth.)别无选择(只能做某事)Hehastomakesomeimportantchoices.他得做出一些重要的选择。Ihavenochoicebuttoleave.除了离开,我别无选择。【归纳】choose=makeachoice,类似的结构有很多:promise=makeapromise承诺;答应apologize=makeanapology道歉invite=makeaninvitation邀请mistake=makeamistake出错;犯错误wish=makeawish许愿use=make(the)useof利用;运用study=makeastudyof学习;研究decide=makeadecision做决定10.OnlythenwillIhaveachancetoachievemydream.只有那样,我才会有机会实现我的梦想。【句型剖析】本句是以only开头的部分倒装句,only意为“只有/直到”.以only开头的部分倒装句的结构为“Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+其他”OnlyrecentlyhaveIhadtimetoreadthisbook.(Ihave倒装为haveI)直到最近我才有时间读这本书。Onlybyworkinghardcanwesucceed.(wecan倒装为canwe)只有努力工作我们才能成功。【注意】①当only位于句首修饰主语时,不用倒装。OnlyLilyfeltnervous.只有莉莉感到紧张。②only所修饰的状语如果不在句首,则句子不倒装。Wewillsucceedonlywhenwetryourbest.只有拼尽全力,我们才会赢。【专题过关】评卷人得分一、补全对话5选5根据对话情景选择恰当的选项补全对话。A:Hi,Linda.____1____B:I’mreadinganewspaper.A:____2____B:Yes,thereis.It’saboutaprogramforhomelesschildren.A:____3____B:Yes,ofcourse.Itteachesthechildrensomeskillsandthenhelpsthemfindjobsinthefuture.A:Soundsgreat!____4____B:Theyhavesomestrictrulesforthechildrentoobey.A:____5____B:Theythinkitiswonderful.Itcanhelpthemfindgoodjobsandliveontheirown.A．Canyoutellmemoreabouttheprogram?B．Howdopeoplemanageit?C．Whatareyoudoing?D．Whatdothechildrenthinkoftheprogram?E．Isthereanythingspecialinthenewspaper?评卷人得分二、完形填空Asthesayinggoes,“Aheroisknowninthetimeofmisfortune(不幸)”.ZhongNanshanisaherolikethis.HeisadoctorinGuangdong,who____6____manypeople’slivesin2003.In2003,SARS____7____inGuangdong.Later,itspreadacrossChinaandotherpartsoftheworld.Patientscoughedalotandgotfevers.Hundredsof____8____evendiedfromthedisease.EvenmanydoctorsandnursesgotSARSwhentheytreatedpatients.Soeveryonewasafraidofit.ButZhongwas____9____enoughtofightagainstthedisease.Zhongspentdaysandnightstofindthecause____10____thedisease.Andwithhiswayoftreating,manypatientsbegantogetbetter.Zhongfinallywonpeople’strust.Attheendof2019,adiseasecalledCOVID-19(新型冠状病毒肺炎)hitWuhan.Itspreadso____11____thataroundtensofthousandsofChinesepeoplewereinfected(感染).Zhong,84,led____12____teamtoWuhantofighttheillness.Zhong’steamtookmanymeasurestocurethepatientswithCOVID-19.Headvisedpeopletowearmasks,____13____handsfrequently(频繁地),stayathomeandnottogotocrowdedplaces.Zhonglikessportsverymuch.____14____hewas67,hecouldstillplaybasketball.Nowattheageof84,Zhongstilltreatspatientsinthe____15____withyoungdoctors.“Iamjustadoctor.”Zhongsays.Butwethinkheisaheroandafighter.6．A．helped B．saved C．liked D．influenced7．A．tookout B．foundout C．gaveout D．brokeout8．A．patients B．adults C．animals D．birds9．A．kind B．poor C．brave D．silent10．A．with B．to C．of D．in11．A．quickly B．slowly C．safely D．luckily12．A．my B．his C．her D．their13．A．weigh B．pollute C．shake D．wash14．A．When B．Although C．Unless D．Because15．A．school B．library C．hospital D．supermarket评卷人得分三、阅读单选阅读下面短文，选出能完成所给句子的最佳选项。Bullying(欺凌)canhappentoanyone.Agreatmanychildrenaroundtheworldarebulliedeveryyear,buttherearethingsthatcanbedonetohelp.Whatisbullying?Bullyingiswhensomeonemakesyoufeelbadorhurtsyouagainandagain.Bullyingcanhappenatschool,outofschoolandonline.Bullyingincludes:●callingpeoplemean(恶意的)names●laughingatpeople●tellingliesaboutpeople●takingsomeone’sthingswithoutpermission(允许)●notlettingsomeoneplayinagroup●hittingpeopleWhatiscyberbullying?Cyberbullyingincludes:●sendingbadmessagesonline●sharingphotosonlinewithoutpermission●notlettingsomeonebepartofanonlinegroup●spreadingliesonlineWhatcanyoudo?Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultwhatyouknowandlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.Ifyougetbadmessages,don’treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthepolice.Askanadultforhelp.Don’tsharesomethingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.Thatwillhelpstopthecyberbullying.Talktoyourparentsorteacheroranadultifyouseebullyingorifyouareworriedaboutafriend.Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.Formoreinformation,visitourhomepageat.16．Accordingtothepassage,thefollowingarebullyingEXCEPT_________.A．callingpeoplemeannames B．hittingpeopleC．tellingliesaboutpeople D．laughingwithpeople17．Cyberbullyingmeansbullying_________.A．atschool B．athome C．onthestreet D．ontheInternet18．Whenyougetbadmessagesonline,youshould_________.A．sharethemwithfriends B．givethemtoyourteacherC．replytothematonce D．keepthemasyoursecrets19．Ifyouarenotkindtosomeone,youshould_________.A．saysorrytothatperson B．talkaboutitinpublicC．askyourparentstosaysorry D．feelsadandkeepquiet20．Thispassageismainlywrittenfor_________.A．teachers B．parents C．children D．thepoliceEveryschoolhasitsownsetofrulestokeepstudentsdisciplined(遵守纪律的).Theruleschangefromoneschooltoanother.Someschoolsaremuchstricterthanothers.Therearealsosomerulesthatlookstrangeorfunnytous.Herearesomefunnyschoolrules.InJapan,mostschoolsdemand(要求)thatstudentswearuniforms,suchassportssuitsorskirts.ButmanyJapaneseschoolsevenregulate(规定)thecolourofunderwear(内衣)!Theyalsodemandthatgirls’whitesocksbefoldedinacertainwayandboys’headsbeshaved(剃掉).AndJapaneseschoolsalsotellstudentsthattheymaynotdate(约会),gotomovies,leavehomeaftersunsetorplayvideogameswithoutpermissionfromtheschool.InAmerica,forsafetyatsomeschools,studentsmusthaveapairofindoorshoestochangeintoatschooleveryday.Thismakessurestudentswon’tfalloveronthewetfloorsandkeepstheschoolsclean.Gum(口香糖)chewingisnotallowedinmanyUSschoolbuildings,asitisdifficulttocleanup.Andifstudentschewguminclass,_______.InBritain,strangehairstylesarenotallowedinsomeschools.ButtheymightallowstudentstowearcertainhairstylesduringtheWorldCupyears.Twostudentshadaspecialdesignshavedintotheirhairduring2014WorldCup.Buttheywerenotacceptedbytheirschoolafterthatbecausetheschoolsaidtheruleshadchangedsincethen.21．Thetextmainlytalksabout_______.A．howforeignstudentskeepthemselvesdisciplinedB．howimportantschoolrulesbecomeC．howstrangesomeforeignschoolrulesareD．howforeignstudentsgetusedtotheirschoolrules22．InJapan,manyschoolsdon’tallowtheirstudentsto_______.A．shavetheirheads B．datewithoutpermissionC．wearsportssuits D．playbasketballathome23．Whichisthebestonetobeputintotheblankinthethirdparagraph?A．itishardtocleanupaswell B．theywillmaketoomuchnoiseC．itisunfairfortheotherswhodon’t D．theymaynotfocusontheirstudy24．Inwhichcountry,studentsareallowedtowearcertainhairstylesduringtheWorldCupyears?A．China. B．America. C．Britain. D．Japan.25．Fromthetextwecaninfer(推断)_______.A．differentcountriesmayhavedifferentschoolrulesB．somefunnyschoolrulesareofrealuseC．schoolrulesintheUKarenotverystrictD．schoolrulesinJapanarebetterthanthoseintheUS评卷人得分四、多任务混合阅读Takingyourdogforawalkcanbefuntodo.But(A)itcanalsobeadangertoothers.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO),(B)over10millionpeopleinChinaarebittenbydogseveryyear.PeopleinBeijingandShanghaihavealreadybeenaskedtokeeptheirdogsonaleash（皮带）.Later,asimilarlaw（法律）iscarriedoutacrossthecountry.ItislistedinthenewlyrewrittenAnimalQuarantineLaw.ThelawhasbeeninforcesinceMay1,2021.Thelawcentersonthepreventionofrabies（狂犬病）.Therabiesvirusismainlycarriedbydogs.Thelawmakesitclearthatanyonewhokeepsdogsmustregularlygetthemvaccinated（接种疫苗）.Thosewhowalktheirdogsoutdoorsmustkeeptheirdogsonaleashtopreventthemfromhurtingpeopleorspreadingdiseases（疾病）.Thosewhodon’tfollowthelawwillfaceafine（罚款）.(C)Inthepast,itwasuptodogownerswhethertogettheirdogsvaccinatedornot.Thismeantthatifsomeonewasbittenbyadog,heorshewouldhavetogotoahospitalandgettreatedandvaccinatedatonce.GaoFu,headofChina’sCenterforDiseaseControlandPrevention,saiditmakesmoresensetovaccinatedogsthanhumans.Manyotherdiseasescanalsospreadbetweenaanimalsandhumans.Accordingtoexperts,70percentofanimaldiseasescanbepassedontohumans.And75percentofallnewinfectioushumandiseasescomefromanimals.26．写出(A)处画线单词指代的内容。__________________________________________________________27．把文中(B)处画线句子翻译成汉语。__________________________________________________________28．把文中(C)处画线句子翻译成汉语。__________________________________________________________29．写出《动物防疫法》的聚焦点。__________________________________________________________30．简要概括本文大意。__________________________________________________________评卷人得分五、短文首字母填空Howmanyofyoudohouseholdchoresathome?It’sreportedthatfewteenagerswouldliketospendtimeonthem.Intheiropinion,it’sacompletew____31____oftime.Someeventhinktheyshouldbetakengoodcareofbytheirparentsallthetime.However,suchlifeskillsarereallynecessary.OnJune3,2020,theMinistryofEducation(MOE)producedadocument（文件）forhighschools.A____32____tothedocument,laboreducationislistedasacompulsory（必修的）c____33____forhighschoolstudents.Itwouldbeasi____34____astheforeignlanguageorphysics.Andeachofthemtakessixcredits（学分）.Voluntaryservice,aspartoflaboreducation,wouldtaketwocredits.TheMOEalsoasks