高中组讲义第二学生版

LessonTwoImpromptuSpeech(I)★Warmingupbypracticingpronunciationand ★Refineyourself-introductionsandtalentshowsbybothpresentingaswellasbeingthejudges. ★Understandtherequirementsandtheevaluationstandardsofthe ★Learneffectivestrategiestomaketheirspeechesstructurallycompleteandtothe ★Understandhowtoprepareforthefirsttypeofquestionsandtheafter-speech (30mins)★Learnhowtodowellintheafter-speechPronunciationPronunciation&Intonation5TheyhavethesameNancydoesn’twanttoThemanranmadlytotheTheteacherrepeatedtheThebusdoesn’trunonBillwasbeatingabigbeastwithhisbigfistandhisbigfistwasbadlybittenbythebigbeastatlast.Mr.Cooksaidtoacook:“Lookatthiscook-book.It’sverygood.”SothecooktooktheadviceofMr.Cookandboughtthebook.IwouldbuymytiesbeforethepricebeginstoEnglishisthemostwidelyspokenlanguageinthehistoryofourplanet,usedinsomewayatleastoneoutofeverysevenhumanbeingsaroundtheglobe.Nonetheless,itistimetofacethefactthatEnglishisacrazylanguage—themostloopyandwigglyofallYourYourself-intro&Talent20★RealpracticetoimproveAskfivestudentstopresenttheirself-introductionsandtalentshowsinAsktheotherstudentstobethejudgesandfilloutthe 12345★AftertheInterviewseveral“judges”fortheirchoicesandGiveabriefcommentontheGetGettoKnowtheImpromptu10★WhattodointhisGivenaquestionandthreeminutestoprepare,thecandidatesshoulddeliveraone-minuteImpromptuSpeechtoanswerthequestionInterviewbyWatchaclipforfurther★GettoKnowabouttheimpromptuAnimpromptuspeechisneitherachatnorjustrecitingItisnecessaryforyoutomakeyourspeechbriefandtothepoint,withpersuasiveandcreativepointsofview.Let’senjoythreenotablespeechesandfindoutwhataconvincingspeech①Logicalthinkingabilityisanabilitytoyzeandsolveaproblembyclear②Eloquenceisthespeechcrafttoconvinceothers,withone’sbroadknowledge,accuratelanguageandpromptresponse.★GettoKnowtheevaluating★TypesofquestionsfortheBasedonthequestionbank(2011-2015),wewilldividethemintofourmaintypes,includingDEFINITION,OPINION,ASSUMPTIONandDESCRIPTION.FindoutthefirsttypeofquestionsintheStepsStepstopreparethe25+10★StepOne:SortouttheOncewearegiventhequestion,trytodetermineits WhatWhatisyourunderstandingofagood DoyouthinkthereisashortcutinlearningEnglish?Whyorwhynot? 3.Ifyouhavethechancetoinviteawouldhe/shebe? todinewithyou,Howdoyouspendyourpocket Howwouldyouunderstandthesaying“moneymakes Introducetousyour Givenonebillion,howwouldyouspend ★StepTwo:Structureyourspeechbydividingitintothefollowingthreeparts★Step CompleteeachpartoftheToday,weToday,wewillfocusonthefirsttypeofquestions:

ToexplainatermoraThistypeofquestionsrequirescandidatestoexplainatermoraWhatisyourunderstandingof“team-workWhatisyourunderstandingofWhatisyourunderstandingofthesaying“ActionsspeaklouderthanQuestion:What’syourdefinitionoftheword1.1.Howto①Giveanexplanationor②Showyourownpointof③Introducea.④⑤Repeatthe2.2.HowtoWhenyouhavetroublefindingWhenyouhavetroublefindingreasons,makeuseofthe“TenPrinciplesofBrainstormingTechniques”②Counter-③④⑤⑥⑦TheprincipleshelpuswithmoresupportingideasbasedononeorseveralHereisanexampleshowinghowtoemploytheprincipleswhenbrainstormingontheword“INTERNET”OnemoreWhataspectwouldyouthinkofwhenconsideringtheterm3.3.Howto①Paraphraseyour ② ③Callfor④Posearhetorical⑤MakethePossiblePossibleCompleteAsfarasI’mconcerned,allheroeshavesome alitiesincommon,whichareregardedasheroicspirits.Firstofall,aherodemonstratesextraordinarywillpower.Anditiswillpowerthatdrivesthemonwithdetermination,fortitudeandself-confidence.What’smore,heroescontributealottothesociety.Theyconcentratemuchmoreattentiononthebenefitstheymakeforthesocietythanforthemselves.Lastbutnotleast,aheroisalwayshelpful.Heisalwaysreadytohelpotherswithoutaskingforrewards.Inshort,aheroshouldbenotonlybravewithstrength,butwisewithMoreWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“alazyyouth,alousyWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“GoalsdeterminewhatyouaregoingtoWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“LifemeansWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“Thejourneyofathousandbeginswiththefirststep”?Whatisyourunderstandingofsaying“RomewasnotbuiltinoneWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“AfterahurricanecomesaWhatisyourunderstandingofthevaluesofWhatisyourunderstandingof“innerDoyouhavestrongdesireforsuccess?What’syourdefinitionofNowtrytoworkouttheseatypicalquestionsaccordingtowhatwe’velearnedinthischapter.QuestionQuestionWhatkindwouldyouliketotravelwith?QuestionQuestionQuestionQuestionWhat’syouradviceforthosewhoareaddictedtoPossibleWhetheryouarebaletoenjoyyourtripornotdependsmostlyonwhoyouaretravellingwith.SoIwouldliketotravelwithsomeonewhoiseasy-going,positiveandlikestravellinginaplannedway.Firstofall,ifyourpartnerisnot modating,youtwowilldefiniyhavealotofdisputesandargument,whichmayruinthewonderfuljourney.Besides,youneedpeoplewithpositiveattitudesothatyoucanactivelyfaceeverythingunexpectedinthetrip,includingsomeincidentsoreventroubles.Additionally,IwouldliketomakesureeverythinginorderaspossibleasIcan.SoIwillappreciateitifmypartneralsoenjoysmakingplansbeforewesetoff.Ithinktheword“happy”heremeans“begrateful”,anditdoesn’tmeanwearenotaspiringorambitiouswhenwefeelhappywithwhatwehave.Thiswordremindsmeofafairytale——AFishermanandaMagicFish.Thefisherman,poorbutkind,putthefishbacktotheseawhenheheardthatthefishwasactuallyamagicprince.Yetthefisherman’swifekeptaskingthemagicfishtofulfillherwish,andfinallygotnothingbecauseofherendlessdesireandgreed.Itishumannaturethatwearealwayslongingforsomethingbetterthanwhatwehavegot.ButweshouldrealizethatgreedislikeavalleythatcanneverbeAsiswidelyrecognized,smokingisconsideredoneoftheworsthabitsinourdailylife.SoIwouldliketogivesomeadvicefortheaddictedsmokers.First,itiseasierforthemtosmokelessandlessfrequentlythangivingitupcompleyatonce.Second,trytoeatsomethingelse,likechewinggumwhentheywanttoSometimessmokerarejustusedtohavingfoodintheirLastbutnotleast,challengeothersmokerstoquitsmokingsincetheywillfeelmuchmotivatedwhenhavingsomeonetocompetewith.After-speechAfter-speech20★Afteryourspeech,thejudgeswillposeaquestionforyoutoanswerinoneminute.Hearingthequestion,weshould:answerinoneanswerinone★Mostofthetime,theyasksomethingrelevanttoyourspeech.Thejudgeswanttoseeyour:Inthissection,thejudgesareLogical★Thequestionsmayogy★HerearesomeWhatWhatisyourdefinitionofaWhodoyouthinkcanbenamedaheroinChina?Why? Doyouthinkaheroisalwayspowerfulandflawless? Cananyoneofusbeahero? WhatWhatisyourunderstandingofsaying“LikefatherlikeWhoismoreimportantinchildrendevelopment,parentsor Doyouagreethatifafatherisacriminal,hissonismorelikelytocommitaSortoutNowlet’shaveaSortoutofyourMakeyourself-introductionandtalentshowmorePrepareyourspeechesforthequestionsin“MoreFindmorequestionsinthebookandtrytoanswerwiththestructureandskillswe’velearned.AppendixAppendixVocabulariesforten金钱原则atight bankruptn.者；adj.了的beshort n n..vburnmoney charityhospital 经济 适龄儿童

费；n.财政，金融financialaid foreign go health n.饥饿illiteracynen.收入，收益insurancen.保险（单/费） v.投资 n.失业者；adj.失业的lackn.缺乏，短缺的东西；vt.缺乏laid-offworker limitedpublicfunds . nursinghouse orphanagen.孤儿院 n.透支 n.叫花子，乞丐 povertylinepoverty-strickenadj.贫穷/乏的 profitableadj.的，有益的，有利可图runout scarcityn nv掩蔽，shortagen.不足，缺乏 starvationn.饥饿 taxpayern.throwmoneyintothin welfaren.福利，安宁，，社会安全时间原则 academicperformance adj. atime a(great)wasteoftimeandresources bewastefulof detractv转移;减损；贬低distractv.转移 discontinueone'sstudying n.效率，功效

inducevt.劝诱，促使，导致，引起 lurev vt.占用passtime消磨时光 n.生产力resistthe revelinself-disciplinen vi./n.节制，避免，制止 vt.抑制，制止skipclasses squeezetime take wallow wileawaythetime (wile诡计，的把戏/，)健康原则ameager appendicitis急性阑尾炎 nbephysicallydamaging calciummagnesium n. n.物质 conveniencefood coronaryheartdisease depressionn郁郁（症doharmtoone's vt epidemicn.传染病excessiveintake eyeirritation fatiguen.疲乏，疲劳 n.健康fumen.（浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体 highfatandcalorie hygienen.法，卫生 n.高血压，过度紧张immuneadj.免疫的 v.削弱，危及(impairment)incurabledisease n.消化不良indolentadj.小痛的无痛的；顽性的恢复缓慢的；懒惰的(indolence) 症euthanasia njunk lose n.疾病；不正 n.近视；缺乏远见 hyperopichypermetropicn.

nourishmentn.食物，营养品 oilyfood organ overweightn. adj.有害的;perniciousanemia恶性贫血 preventionn.预防，防止psychologicalpressure n.辐射，放射线 n.疗法sedentarylifestyle sorethroat n.中风 n.[医]症状，征兆 n.疲劳，疲倦toxicgas n.药 n.肺结核 n.瘤vegetariann.素食者；adj.素食的 n.，毒害vitaminC 维生素C wholesomeadj.健康的，有益的curev.治愈，治疗；n.治愈，痊愈 n.治疗，处理，对待AppendixAppendixReading

Youthisnotatimeoflife;itisastateofmind;itisnotamatterofrosycheeks,redlipsandsuppleknees;itisamatterofthewill,aqualityoftheimagination,avigoroftheemotions;itisthefreshnessofthedeepspringsoflife.Youthmeansatemperamentalpredominanceofcourageovertimidity,oftheappetiteforadventureovertheloveofease.Thisoftenexistsinamanof60morethanaboyof20.Nobodygrowsoldmerelybyanumberofyears.WegrowoldbydesertingourYearsmaywrinkletheskin,buttogiveupenthusiasmwrinklesthesoul.Worry,fear,self-distrustbowstheheartandturnsthespiritbacktodust.Whether60or16,thereisineveryhumanbeing’sheartthelureofwonders,theunfailingappetiteforwhat’snextandthejoyofthegameofliving.Inthecenterofyourheartandmyheart,thereisawirelessstation;solongasitreceivesmessagesofbeauty,hope,courageandpowerfrommanandfromtheinfinite,solongasyouareyoung.Whenyouraerialsaredown,andyourspiritiscoveredwithsnowsofcynicismandtheiceofpessimism,thenyou’vegrownold,evenat20;butaslongasyouraerialsareup,tocatchwavesofoptimism,there’shopeyoumaydieyoungat80.ThreeDaystoAllofushavereadthrillingstoriesinwhichtheherohadonlyalimitedandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear,sometimesasshortas24hours.Butalwayswewereinterestedindiscoveringjusthowthedoomedherochosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Ispeak,ofcourse,offreemenwhohaveachoice,notcondemnedcriminalswhosesphereofactivitiesisstrictlydelimited.Suchstoriessetusthinking,wonderingwhatweshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.Whatevents,whatexperiences,whatassociationsshouldwecrowdintothoselasthoursasmortalbeings,whatregrets?SometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachdayasifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldemphasizesharplythevaluesoflife.Weshouldliveeachdaywithgentleness,vigorandakeennessofappreciationwhichareoftenlostwhentimestretchesbeforeusintheconstantpanoramaofmoredaysandmonthsandyearstocome.Therearethose,ofcourse,whowouldadopttheEpicureanmottoof“Eat,drink,andbemerry”.Butmostpeoplewouldbechastenedbythecertaintyofimpendingdeath.Instoriesthedoomedheroisusuallysavedatthelastminutebysomestrokeoffortune,butalmostalwayshissenseofvaluesischanged.He esmoreappreciativeofthemeaningoflifeanditspermanentspiritualvalues.Ithasoftenbeennotedthatthosewholive,orhavelived,intheshadowofdeathbringamellowsweetnesstoeverythingtheydo.Mostofus,however,takelifeforgranted.Weknowthatonedaywemustdie,butusuallywepicturethatdayasfarinthefuture.Whenweareinbuoyanthealth,deathisallbutunimaginable.Weseldomthinkofit.Thedaysstretchoutinanendlessvista.Sowegoaboutourpettytasks,hardlyawareofourlistlessattitudetowardlife.Thesamelethargy,Iamafraid,characterizestheuseofallourfacultiesandsenses.Onlythedeafappreciatehearing,onlytheblindrealizethemanifoldblessingsthatlieinsight.Particularlydoesthisobservationapplytothosewhohavelostsightandhearinginadultlife.Butthosewhohaveneversufferedimpairmentofsightorhearingseldommakethefullestuseoftheseblessedfaculties.Theireyesandearstakeinallsightsandsoundshazily,withoutconcentrationandwithlittleappreciation.Itisthesameoldstoryofnotbeinggratefulforwhatwehaveuntilweloseit,ofnotbeingconsciousofhealthuntilweareill.Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeingwerestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehimmoreappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofAppendixAppendixReadingonCurrentLookstoBlackUniversitiesforThetechindustryisdrivingtheU.S.economyintothefuture,butnoteveryoneissharingintheprosperity.OnlysixpercentofemployeesareHispanic,BlackorAfrican-JustfourpercentofemployeesareHispanic,BlackorAfrican-ThosenumbersaresmallcomparedtotheentireUSworkforce.TwelvepercentoftheentireU.S.workforceisBlackorAfrican-American.SixteenpercentoftheU.S.workforceisLatino.NowisteamingupwithsomehistoricallyblackcollegestoprovidemoreopportunitiesforAfrican-Americanstoworkinthetechindustry.Historicallyblackcollegesanduniversities,orHBCUs,wereestablishedinthe1800stohelpblackAmericansgetahighereducation.Untilthe1950s,manyuniversitiesexcludedblacks.Today,allracescanattendHBCUs.beganaprogramin2013called"InResidence"atHowardUniversity,anHBCUinWashington,D.C.Aspartoftheprogram,sentasoftwareengineertoteachcomputerscienceclassesatHoward.LegandBurgeIIIistheheadoftheComputerScienceDepartmentatHowardUniversity.BurgegraduatedfromOklahomaStateUniversityin1998.Whenhegraduated,hewasthefirstAfrican-Americanintheuniversity'shistorytocompleteamaster'sdegree.Burgesaidabigpartofthediversityproblemstartsearlierthan"Today,ifyoulookatwheremanyAfrican-Americanscomefrom,thosehighschoolinstitutions,they'renotproperlyteachingcomputerscience."BurgestartedaprogramatHowardcalled"Pre-FreshmeninComputerScience"in2012.Theprogram'sgoalistohelpstudentsreachthelevelofabilitytheywouldneedbeforestartinguniversityclasses.Theprogramissimilarto'sownComputerScienceSummerInstitute.Howardthenpartneredwithtobringanengineertoteachabeginnercomputerscienceclass.Anystudentwhowantedcouldtaketheclass.thendecidedtosharethisprogramwithotherHBCUsin2014.AmosJohnsonisanassociateprofessorofcomputerscienceatMorehouseCollegeinAtlanta,Georgia.Hesaidthathavingaengineerattheschoolhelpsstudentsseethechoicesthey"Themostimportantthingthatisngisactuallyjustbeingpresentoncampus...Studentsmayhavenever,everbeenexposedtoanyemployees...Sobyhavingaemployee(directly)oncampus...Thatopensupthepossibilityintheirmindthattheycouldactually...bethere."Johnsonsaidthepeoplehiringattechcompaniesusuallyonlythinkaboutonetype."SoifthepatternisyouonlyseewhitemalesfromStanfordandMITandBerkeley,andtheylookacertainway,thatcreatesapatterninaninterviewer'smindthatthesearethetypesofpeoplethatarecoders."AndreaLawrenceistheheadoftheComputerandInformationSciencesdepartmentatSpelmanCollege.SpelmanopenedinAtlanta,Georgiain1881.Lawrencesaiddiversityisimportantbecauseitletspeopleseedifferentsidesofaproblem."Differentpeoplebring...differentbackgroundstoaproblem...Ifallthepeopleintheroomhasthesamebackgroundandthesameideas,theyarelikelynottofindagoodsolutionortheymaynotfindthebestsolution."Burgesaysmanyminoritystudentssaytheyfeeltheydonotbelonginthetechindustry.SajidHussainistheheadoftheDepartmentofMathematicsandComputerScienceatFiskUniversityinNashville,Tennessee.HussainsaidthatthesmallsizeofHBCUscausesproblemsforthestudents."BecauseHBCUsaresmall...wecangivethemmore alattention...Butthen,becauseofsmallsize,wedon'tgetsomuchattentionfromthemajorcompanies."MarcFisheristheengineerteachingatFisk.HesaidheknewnothingaboutFiskbeforeapplyingtoteachintheprogram.Animportantpartofgettingajobatalargetechcompanyisfirstgettinganinternshipwiththatcompany.BeforetheInResidenceprogram,Fiskhadonlyonestudentevercompleteaninternshipat.TheInResidenceprogramisalsoworkingwithstudentsoutoftheclassroom.Theengineershelpstudentswriterésumés,prepareforinterviewsandunderstandthecultureatbigtechcompanies.Overthepastthreeyears,theprogramhashadsuccess.Afterthefirstyearoftheprogram,twoFiskstudentscompletedinternships.NextsummerasmanyassixFiskstudentswillhaveinternships.Sincetheprogramstarted,hashiredtwoHowardstudentsdirectlyaftergraduated.Beforetheprogram,therewereneveranydirectlyhiredgraduatesofa