大二下学习-微生物课件15.fungi

Party3Mycology

p.427重点与难点1.真菌及其分类2.真菌的形态与结构3.真菌的培养特点4.真菌的致病性IntroductionI.ConceptsFungus:eukaryoticmicrobewithcellwall,mono-ormulti-cellularMycology:studyingfungusnatureandtherelationshiptohumanbeing

II.Basiccharacteristicsoffungus1.Bingeukaryoticorganisms,possessingnuclearmembrane,endoplasmicreticulum,mitochondria.

Cellwalliscomposedofchitinorcellulose(纤维素)lackthepropertyofphotosynthesisorchlorophyll,withoutdifferentiationofroots.3.Varietyofreproductionforms4.Multiplespeciecesandwidedistribution5.Morphologicalandstructuralcomplex6.Medicalsignificances:

fewer----pathogenicproductionofantibiotic,foodanddrugfungifermentationmanufactureofmedicineRelatedtomedicine:about400speciesfrequent50speciesDiseasescausedbyfungus:infectiousdiseasestoxicitydiseasesallergytumourRecently,moreattentiontoinvasivefungalinfection(IFI)Section1

Propertiesofbiology

I.Morphologyandstructure1.Morphology

1)yeast(monocyte)---usuallysphericaltoellipsoidal---size:long5-30μm,wide3-5μm2)yeast-likefungus---seenlikeyeast,butwithpseudohyphaPseudohyphae：blastosporefailtoseparatefromtheyeastcellsandeelongatedMorphologyofmonocyteCryptococcusneoformansyeastPseudohyphaeofSaccharomycesalbicans

3)multicellular(filamentousfungiormold)4)dimorphic:invitro---filamentousphase(25℃culture)invivo---yeastphase---consistingofhyphaandspore---myceliumHyphae---diameter:5-6µm,usuallytoformmycelium---Classificationfunctionvegetativemyceliumaerialmyceliumstructurenonseptateseptatemorphologycomb-likespiral-likedeerhorns-likeSpore---Beingreproductiveorganoffungi---classificationasexualsporeconidiamacroconidiamicroconidiathallosporeblastosporechlamydosporearthrosporesporangiosporesexualreproductionFungussporeBacterialsporeResistance:notstrong,killedat60℃~70℃inshorttimeResistance:strong,killedat120for30minGeneratedmanysporesOnebacterium,onesporeReproductivestateSleepingstateComparedfungussporeandbacterialsporesporehyphaMorphology

ofmulticellularmulticellularPeseudohyphaeblastosporethallosporemacroconidiamacroconidiamicroconidiumsporangiosporesporangiosporechlamydosporearthrospore2.structure---beingeukaryoticorganisms---possessingnuclearmembrane,endoplasmicreticulummitochondria---itscellwallconsistsprimarilyofchitin---itscellwallconsistsprimarilyofchitin---Itscellmembercontainsergosterol（麦角甾

醇）andzymosterol

（酵母甾醇）II.Fungousculture1.Conditionofculturelownutrition-----sabouraud’smedialowpH：4.0-6.0lowtemperature：22-28℃highhumidityandoxygen2.Reproductionforms

asexualreproductionsexualreproductionbuddingbinaryfissionsepta3.Characteristicsofcolony---thecolonyemergein1~4weeksyeastcolonyyeast-likecolonyfilamentouscolony---typesIII.ResistanceResistance---commonantibioticsStrong---dry,sun-light,ultraviolet,disinfectant

Weak---hot,formaldehydeyeastcolonyyeast-likecolonyC.AlbicanscolonyC.neoformanscolonyfilamentouscolonySection2

Pathogenicityandimmunity

I.PathogenicityInfectionofpathogenicfungi:

surfaceordeepinfection2.Infectionofconditionedfungiimmunitydecreaseinfection1st

C.albicans,2nd

C.neoformansaswellasPneumocystiscarinii

3.Fungousallergies:

Aspergillus,PenicilliumMycotoxicosis:toxincontaminatedfood---mycotoxicosisAflaxtoxin,sepeciallyaflaxtoxinB15.Tumorogenicmycotoxins表皮癣菌、毛癣菌和小孢子菌的孢子形态（400×，由左至右）申克孢子丝菌小分生孢子（400×）申克孢子丝菌菌落CandidaesophagitisCandidastomatitis(thrush)鹅口疮白色念珠菌病（Candidiasis）新型隐球菌菌落新型隐球菌形态（1000×）烟曲霉菌落

烟曲霉形态（400×）黄曲霉菌落黄曲霉形（400×）

黑曲霉菌落

黑曲霉形（400×）

土曲霉菌落

土曲霉形态（400×）构巢曲霉菌落

构巢曲霉形态（400×）茄病镰刀菌菌落茄病镰刀菌大分生孢子（400×）毛霉孢子囊及孢子囊孢子（400×）

毛霉菌落II.Immunity1.Innateimmunity2.Specificimmunity---antibodiesarenotprotective?---cellularimmunitypossessprotective3.Otherfactors---age,sex,race,heredity---PhysiologicconditionSection3Principlesofdiagnosis,preventionandtherapyforfungousinfectionI.LabDiagnosis---Directmicroscopicexaminationofspecimen

---Fungusculturesofspecimen：

chromogenicmedia（显色鉴别培养基）---Serologictest---MolecularbiologyII.PreventionandTherapyPrevention:novaccinecouldbeusedantifungaldrugsnystainamphotericinB;Flucytosine;miconazoleTreatmentortherapy:思考题1.近年来真菌感染增多的原因有哪些？2.简述真菌的基本形态与结构。3.简述真菌的繁殖与培养特性。4.试述真菌的致病性。5.简述真菌感染的实验室检查方法。中英文关键词真菌fungus菌丝

hypha

孢子spore假菌丝pseudohypha双相型真菌dimorphicfungi真菌病mycoses课外阅读资料专著王端礼.医学真菌学——实验室检验指南.北京:人民卫生出版社,2005张宏,廖万清,郭宁如.实用临床真菌病学.北京:人民军医出版社,2009邢来君,李明春.普通真菌学.北京:高等教育出版社,2010温海,李若瑜.医学真菌学.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012[1]CasadevallA.Amoebaprovideinsightintotheoriginofvirulenceinpathogenicfungi.AdvExpMedBiol.2012,710:1-10.[2]DavidSH,AndersO,DylanG,etal.Progressinmole