医学英语翻译题汇总

医学英语翻译题汇总医学英语翻译题汇总医学英语翻译题汇总资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月医学英语翻译题汇总版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：UNIT1AlthoughtheDNAinthenucleusofeachcellcontainsallofthegeneticinformationforallhumantraits,onlyasmallnumberofgenesareactuallyactiveinaparticularcell.Theseactivegenesarethecodesfortheproteinsnecessaryforthespecificcelltype.尽管每一个细胞核中的DNA都包含有人类特性的所有遗传信息，但实际上只有小数基因在特定细胞中有活性，这些活性基因是特有的细胞类型所必须的蛋白密码。Infacilitateddiffusion,moleculesmovethroughamembranefromanareaofgreaterconcentrationtoanareaoflesserconcentration,buttheyneedsomehelptodothis.在易化扩散中，大分子经一层膜从高浓度区域向低浓度区域移动，但分子要完成这一工作需要某些帮助。Thecellmembraneisselectivelypermeable,thatis,certainsubstancesarepermittedtopassthroughandothersarenot.细胞膜的渗透性是有选择性的，即某些物质允许通过，而其它物质则不行。Filtrationmeansthatwateranddissolvedmaterialsareforcedthroughamembranefromanareaofhigherpressuretoanareaoflowerpressure.过滤是指水和已溶解物质经一层膜从高压区压送到低压区。5.ActivetransportrequirestheenergyofATPtomovemoleculesfromanareaoflesserconcentrationtoanareaofgreaterconcentration.主动转运需要ATP这种能使分子从低浓度区向高浓度区移动。1.体内平衡取决于所有不同类型的细胞正常的发挥其功能。(dependupon)Homeostasisdependsuponthenormalfunctionsofallofthedifferentkindsofcells.2.就人口和地域而言，这两个国家差异很大。(withrespectto)Withrespecttopopulationandgeographicalarea,thesetwocountriesvarygreatly.3.染色体由脱氧核糖核酸和蛋白构成，而脱氧核糖核酸又是细胞特征和活性的遗传密码。(geneticcode)ChromosomesaremadeofDNAandprotein,andtheDNAisthegeneticcodeforthecharacteristicsandactivitiesofthecell.4.氧气从空气中扩散到血液以便在全身循环，而二氧化碳从血液散播到空气中以便排出体外。(diffuse)Oxygendiffusesfromtheairtothebloodtobecirculatedthroughoutthebody,butcarbondioxidediffusesfromthebloodtotheairtobeexhaledfromthebody.5.科学不断地提供新的发现，从而进一步支持了他的假设。(backup)Sciencecontinuedtothrowupdiscoverieswhichfurtherbackeduphishypothesis.UNIT21.Ateitherendoftheagespectrum,however,temperatureregulationmaynotbeaspreciseasitisinolderchildrenoryoungeradults.然而，在年龄段两端的人群，其体温调节精确程度都不如青少年或青年人。2.Thepathwaysofheatlossfromthebodyaretheskin,respiratorytract,andtoalesserextent,theurinaryanddigestivetracts.人体散热途径是经皮肤、呼吸道，少量经尿道和消化道散热。3.Changesinbodytemperaturealsohaveaneffectonmetabolicrateandheatproduction.Thisbecomesclinicallyimportantwhenapersonhasafever,anabnormallyhighbodytemperature.人体体温的变化也会影响代谢率和产热。当一个人发热、体温异常升高时，从临床上讲，体温变化就显得重要了。4.Anabolismmeanssynthesisor“formation”reactions,thebondingtogetherofsmallermoleculestoformlargerones.合成代谢是指综合或“形成”性反应，即把小的分子结合在一起形成更大的分子。5.Catabolismmeansdecomposition,thebreakingofbondsoflargermoleculestoformsmallermolecules.Cellrespirationisaseriesofcatabolicreactionsthatbreakdownfoodmoleculestocarbondioxideandwater.分解代谢是指分解，即将较大的分子链分解形成小分子。细胞呼吸过程就是一连串的分解代谢反应---将食物分子分解成二氧化碳和水。1.新陈代谢是指发生在生物体内的化学过程，可分为合成代谢和分解代谢两大类。(metabolism)Metabolismreferstothechemicalreactionsthattakeplaceinthelivingorganisms.Itmaybedividedintotwomajorcategories:anabolismandcatabolism.2.正常人的体温为37度。随个体、年龄、活动量和每日早晚略有差异，但波动幅度不超过l℃。(fluctuation)Thenormalbodytemperatureis37ºC,andvariesbyperson,age,activity,andtimeofday,butthefluctuationsareusuallynomorethan1.0ºC.3.在正常情况下，人体通过体温调节系统使体温保持相对稳定。(constant)Undernormalconditions,humanbodyisabletomaintainarelativelyconstantbodytemperaturethroughthesystemoftemperatureregulation.4.与生活在热带地区的人相比，在寒冷气候下生活的人，新陈代谢率要高10-20%。(metabolicrate)Peoplewholiveincoldclimatesmayhavemetabolicrates10%to20%higherthanthosewholiveintropicalregions.5.人体体温的调节主要是通过汗腺的分泌及皮肤血管的收缩与舒张。(excretion)HumanbodytemperatureismainlyregulatedthroughtheexcretionofsweatglandandvasodilationandconstrictionofbloodvesselsintheskinUNIT31.VentricularcontractionforcesbloodagainsttheflapsoftherightandleftAVvalvesandclosesthem;theforceofbloodalsoopenstheaorticandpulmonarysemilunarvalves.心室收缩使血液施压于左右房室瓣并使其关闭；血液的压力也使主动脉半月瓣和肺动脉半月瓣打开。2.Palpationsareusuallynotserious,andmaybetheresultoftoomuchcaffeine,nicotine,oralcohol.Muchmoreseriousisventricularfibrillation,averyrapidanduncoordinatedventricularbeatthatistotallyineffectiveforpumpingblood.心悸通常不很严重，可能因摄入的咖啡因，尼古丁或酒精过量引起。更为严重的是室颤，室颤是一种快速而无节律的心室跳动，可以导致心脏泵血无力。3.Althoughtheheartgeneratesandmaintainsitsownbeat,therateofcontractioncanbechangedtoadapttodifferentsituations.Thenervoussystemcananddoesbringaboutnecessarychangesinheartrateaswellasinforceofcontraction尽管心脏自身产生跳动并得以维持跳动，但为了适应不同情况还可以改变收缩率。神经系统可以，并的确能使心率和收缩的强度进行必要的改变。4.Theheartwillalsobetheeffectorinareflexstimulatedbyadecreaseintheoxygencontentoftheblood.Theaorticreceptorsarestrategicallylocatedsoastodetectsuchanimportantchangeassoonasbloodleavestheheart.心脏在受到血氧量下降激起的反射中起到效应器的作用。主动脉感受器的位置非常关键，所以在血液离心时，感受器能探查出其重要的变化。5.Thecardiaccycleisasequenceofmechanicaleventsthatisregulatedbytheelectricalactivityofthemyocardium.Cardiacmusclecellshavetheabilitytocontractspontaneously,thatis,nerveimpulsesarenotrequiredtocausecontraction.心循环是一系列受到心肌电活性调节的机械性活动。心肌细胞能自主收缩，即不需要神经冲动引起收缩。1.房颤是一种常见的不规律的心脏节律，房颤能引起心房，即心脏上腔室不正常收缩。（atrialfibrillation）Atrialfibrillationisaverycommonirregularheartrhythmthatcausestheatria,theupperchambersoftheheart,tocontractabnormally.2.心电图是用电来记录心脏的活动，其作用是协助诊断动脉疾病、心肌梗塞及一些先天性心脏病。（electrocardiogram）Theelectrocardiogram(ECG)isanelectricalrecordingofheartactionandaidsinthediagnosisofarterydisease,myocardialinfarction,andsomecongenitalheartdiseases.3.强烈要求高等教育改革的呼声遍及全国，人大代表对此也做了提案。(permeate)Astrongdesireforhighereducationreformpermeatesthewholecountry,forwhichdeputies

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4.心率不齐即是心跳不规律，几乎每个人都有心率不齐的经历。（arrhythmia）Arrhythmiameanstheirregularheartbeat,whichnearlyeveryindividualcanexperience.5.为了婴儿饮食安全，他们正在努力研制尽善尽美的新牛奶配方。（formula）Theyareworkingontheperfectionoftheirnewmilkformulatoensurethedietsafetyofthebabies.UNIT41.Thesuccessofphysiologyinexplaininghoworganismsperformtheirdailytasksisbasedonthenotionthattheyareintricateandexquisitemachineswhoseoperationisgovernedbythelawsofphysicsandchemistry.生理学成功地解释了生物体如何进行日常活动，基于的观点是生物体好比是结构复杂而灵巧的机器，其操作受物理和化学规律控制。2.Althoughitishelpfultostudyhoweachorganperformsitsfunctions,itisessentialtorecognizethattheactivityofthebodyasawholeisdependentontheintricateinteractionsbetweenthevariousorgansystems.虽然研究各器官如何行使功能很有益处，但我们必须认识到机体作为一个整体所做的活动依赖于各器官系统间错综复杂的相互作用。3.Ifthereisanexcessofpotassiumintheextracellularfluid,thecardiacmusclecellsbecometooexcitableandmaycontractatinappropriatetimesratherthaninacoordinatedmanner.如果细胞外液中钾离子过多，心肌细胞兴奋性增强，可能出现不规律的收缩。4.Anegativefeedbacklooprequiresasensorofsomekindthatrespondstothevariableinquestionbutnottootherphysiologicalvariables.负反馈环是在机体出现紊乱时，将一些变量控制在限定范围内的一个控制系统。5.Eachfunctionalstructurecontributesitssharetothemaintenanceofhomeostaticconditionsintheextracellularfluid,whichiscalledtheinternalenvironment.每个功能结构都在维持细胞外液稳态方面发挥其作用，这称之为内环境。1.血小板和血浆蛋白通过阻止受伤后的机体血液流失、修复伤口控制稳态。（hemostasis）Plateletsandplasmaproteinscontrolhemostasis,aprocessthatstopsbloodlossafterinjuryandpromoteswoundhealing.2.钠钾泵将钠离子主动转运至细胞外，钾离子转运到细胞内。每三个钠离子被转运出细胞，就有两个钾离子被转运到细胞内。（transport）Asodium-potassiumpumpactivelytransportssodiumions(Na+)totheoutsideandpotassiumions(K+)totheinside,withthreeNa+movedoutforeverytwoK+movedin.3.体内水平衡由位于大脑下丘脑的的渗透压感受器自动调控。（regulate）Waterisautonomicallyregulatedbyosmoreceptorslocatedinthehypothalamusofthebrain.4.营养物质和液体由小肠绒毛内的毛细血管进入血液循环系统。(absorb)Capillarieswithinthevilliofthesmallintestinearesiteswherenutrientsandfluidsareabsorbedintothecirculatorysystem.5.所有的细胞每时每刻都需要氧气，并不断排出二氧化碳等新陈代谢废物。(eliminate)Allcellsrequireacontinuoussupplyofoxygen(O2)andmustcontinuouslyeliminateametabolicwasteproduct,carbondioxide(CO2).UNIT5Thebodyisconstantlystrivingtomaintainaconstantinternalenvironmentinthemidstofever-changingconditions.身体一直在不断变化的条件下保持内环境恒定。Cardiacoutputthenbecomesinadequatetomeetthedemandsofthebody,andthepatientlosesconsciousnessbecauseinsufficientbloodreachesthebrain.心输出量不足以满足身体的需要，病人就会因为没有足够的血液到达大脑而失去意识。Theliverreleasesstoredglucoseintothebloodwhenstimulatedbythesympatheticnervoussystem,thusprovidinganincreasedenergysourceforactivelymetabolizingcells.当受到交感神经系统的刺激时，肝脏会释放储存的葡萄糖到血液里，因此为活跃的新陈代谢细胞提供更多的能量源。Peoplesubjecttomigraineheadachesaregenerallyhard-workinga