英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习xxx公司英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习文件编号：文件日期：修订次数：第1.0次更改批准审核制定方案设计，管理制度英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习一、句子的基本结构（5种）1、主语+谓语（s+v）2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p）3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o）4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do)5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c）二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语）1.主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。Thesunrisesintheeast（）Helikesdancing.（）Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.()Seeingisbelieving.（）Toseeistobelieve.（）Whatheneedsisabook.（）Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.（）(一）指出下列句中主语的中心词①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.②Thereisanoldmancominghere.③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.2.谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。WestudyEnglish.Heisasleep.(二).选出句中谓语的中心词①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer③DoyouusuallygotoschoolbybusA.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast3.表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。Heisateacher.（）Seventy-four!Youdon’tlookit.（）Fiveandfiveisten.（）Heisasleep.（）Hisfatherisin.（）Thepictureisonthewall.()Mywatchisgone/missing/lost.（）Thequestioniswhethertheywillcome.（）（常见的系动词有:be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）……Itsoundsagoodidea.Thesoundsoundsstrange.Hervoicesoundssweet.Tomlooksthin.Thefoodsmellsdelicious.Thefoodtastesgood.Thedoorremainsopen.NowIfeeltired.(三)挑出下列句中的表语①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?

③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.4.宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如：IlikeChina.（）Hehatesyou.（）HowmanydoyouneedWeneedtwo.（）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（）Ihopetoseeyouagain.（）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid（）2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾AreyouafraidofthesnakeUnderthesnow,therearemanyrocks.3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）Hegavemeabookyesterday.Givethepoormansomemoney.(四)挑出下列句中的宾语①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?5.宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelectedhimmonitor.（）Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomehere.（）Wewillmakethemhappy.（）Wefoundnobodyin.()Pleasemakeyourselfathome.（）Don’tlethimdothat.（）Hisfatheradvisedhimtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（）Don’tkeepthelightsburning.（）I’llhavemybikerepaired.（）(五)挑出下列句中的宾语补足语①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.④TheycallmeLilysometimes.⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?6.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。AiYanlingisachemistryteacher.（）Heisourfriend.（）Webelongtothethirdworld.（）Hewasadvisedtoteachthelazyboyalesson.（）Themanoverthereismyoldfriend.()Thewomanwithababyinherarmsismysister.()TheboysplayingfootballareinClass2.（）Thetreesplantedlastyeararegrowingwellnow.（）Ihaveanideatodoitwell.（）YoushoulddoeverythingthatIdo.（）(六)挑出下列句中的定语①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.②Whatisyourgivenname?③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.7.状语：用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）Iwillgotheretomorrow.Themeetingwillbeheldinthemeetingroom.Themeatwentbadbecauseofthehotweather.HestudieshardtolearnEnglishwell.Hedidn’tstudyhardsothathefailedintheexam.Ilikesomeofyouverymuch.Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.Hegoestoschoolbybike.Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.(七)挑出下列句中的状语①Therewasabigsmileonherface.②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingto