美国文学题库整理版

美国文学史及选读期末复习重点.考试题型：.名词解释（20分）5个*4=20分.选择题（20分）.连线题（10分）.判断题（10分）.片段赏析（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌.论述题（20分）一个10分2个一个小说一个诗歌TheOutlineofAmericanLiteratureTheRealisticPeriod1865-1914Realists:HenryJamesandhispsychologicalrealismWilliamDeanHowellsandhismoralrealismLocalColorism/Regionalism:MarkTwainNaturalists:StephenCrane/DreiserTheModernPeriod1914-1945ModernPoetry:Imagism:EzraPoundW.C.WilliamsLyricalPoet:RobertFrostCarlSandburgWallaceStevensModernNovelists:RepresentativesoftheLostGeneration:（JazzAge）F.ScottFitzgerald/ErnestHemingway/T.S.EliotEpitomeoftheSouthernRenaissance:WilliamFaulknerTheLeftistNovelists:JohnDosPassos/JohnSteinbeckTheJewishAmericanNovelistsinthisperiod:EugeneO.NeillPartITermDefinitionAmericanNaturalism:美国自然主义.Naturalismisamoredeliberatekindofrealismandthistermdescribesatypeofliteraturethatattemptstoapplyscientificprinciplesofobjectivity（客观）anddetachment（冷静）toitsstudyofhumanbeings..Naturalismisaliterarymovementthatuseddetailedrealismtosuggestthatsocialconditions,heredity,andenvironmenthadinescapableforceinshapinghumancharacter.3.Althoughnaturalistliteraturedescribedtheworldwithsometimesbrutalrealism,itsometimesalsoaimedatbetteringtheworldthroughsocialreform.4.ItacceptedtheinterpretationofDarwin'sevolutionarytheoryandDreiserisaleadingfigureofthisschool.5.TherepresentativefigureisStephenCraneandhisSisterCarrie.Keywords:Darwin'sEvolutionaryTheory;environmentandheredity;objectivityanddetachmentTheodoreDreiser;SisterCarrie,StephenCrane,etc.AmericanRealism:美国现实主义.时间：InAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.TheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.内战将浪漫主义结束，开启现实主义。.Itcameasareactionagainstthelieofromanticismandsentimentalism.反对浪漫主义和感伤主义3.Realismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaithfuloftheordinary,asliceoflifeasitisreallylived.Itexpressestheconcernforcommonplaceandthelow,anditoffersanobjectiveratherthananidealisticviewofthehumannatureandhumanexperience. 现实主义从对奇异的强调转向对平凡的忠实的渲染，一种生活的片段。它表达了对平庸和平庸的关注，它提供了一个客观的而不是理想化的人性观和人类经验。4.Arealisticwriterismoreobjectivethansubjective,moredescriptivethansymbolism.5.TherepresentativefiguresareMarkTwain,HenryJamesandHowells.Keywords:MarkTwain,HenryJamesandHowells;reality;thedepressed;Modernism:现代主义twasacomplexanddiverse（ 复杂多样的）internationalmovementinallthecreativearts（ 创造性艺术）,originatingabouttheendofthe19thcentury.2.Itprovided（出现）thegreatestcreativerenaissanceofthe20thcentury.twasmadeupofmanyfacets（方面）,suchassymbolism,surrealism（超现实主义）,cubism（立体主义）,expressionism,futurism（未来主义）,etc.4.Modernismimplieshistoricaldiscontinuity,asenseofalienation,oflossandofdespair.4.SouthernRenaissance（南方文艺复兴，必考）：.时间：TheSouthernRenaissanceistherevivalofAmericanSouthernliteraturethatbeganinthe1920sand1930suntilthe1950s.2.特色：Muchofthewritingsfeaturedthestrugglebetweenthosewhoembracedsocialchangesandthosewhoweremoreskeptical.3. 观,点：ThewritersattempttocometotermsnotonlywiththeinheritedvaluesoftheSoutherntradition,butalsowithacertainwayofperceivinganddealingwiththepast.4.代表人物：TherepresentativefiguresareWilliamFaulknerWilliamsandsoon.5.Imagism:意象主义.时间,地点,影响：ImagismwasaliterarypoeticmovementwhichflourishedinLondonbetween1909and1917andhadanenduringandpervasiveinfluenceonEnglish-languagepoetryinthetwentiethcentury..意象主义三原贝U: Herearethreeimagistpoeticprinciples:Directtreatmentofthethingwhethersubjectiveorobjective;Eliminatemerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords;Asregardingrhythm,tocomposeinthesequenceofthemusicalphrase,notinthesequenceofametronome.3.代表人物：TheimagistswereledbyEzraPoundandtherepresentativefiguresareD.H.Lawrence.EzraPoundandsoon.6.IcebergPrinciple:冰山原则1.主要观点： IcebergPrincipleisthatthefullmeaningofthetextisnotlimitedtomovingtheplotforward ：thereisalwaysawebofassociationandinference,asubmergedreasonbehindtheinclusionofeverydetail.2.提出者：ItisawritingstylecoinedbyAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.3.举仞ij：InDeathintheAfternoon（午后之死）, Hemingwayoutlinedhis “theoryofomission"or"icebergprinciple”.4.海明威的观点：Hebelievedthedeepermeaningofastoryshouldnotbeevidentonthesurface,butshouldshinethroughimplicitly.Thedignityofmovementofanice-bergisduetoonlyone-eighthofitbeingabovewater.7.JazzAge:爵士时代.1.时间，地点：TheJazzAgedescribestheperiodofthe1920sand1930s,theyearsbetweenWorldWarIandWorldWa门「particularlyinNorthAmerica,continuingthroughtheRoaringTwentiesandendingwiththeriseoftheGreatDepressioninAmerica.2. 代表人物，特,点：TherepresentativefigureisF.ScottFitzgeraldwithhisnovelTheGreatGatsby,highlightingthedecadence （颓废）andhedonism（享乐主义） ,aswellasthegrowthofindividualism.8.HemingwayHeroes/CodeHero:海明威式英雄I.HemingwayHeroesrefertosomeprotagonistsinHemingway'sworks.2.AsaconceptfromHemingway'works,CodeHeroisdefinedbyHemingwayasamanwholivescorrectly ,followingtheidealsofhonour,courageandenduranceinaworld.3.Itstandsforawholegenerationandthiskindofheroisanaveragemanofdecidelymasculinetastes,amanwhoissensitiveandintelligent,amanofactionsandoffewwords.Forexample,heuseshiscodehero,whoisnamedinmostofhisnovelsasNickAdamstoteachreadersacreativeanddisciplinedwayoflife.AmericanDream:美国梦TheAmericanDreamisthefaithheldbymanypeopleintheUnitedStatesofAmericathatthroughhardwork,courageanddeterminationonecanachieveabetterlifeforoneself,usuallythroughfinancialprosperity.ThesewerevaluesheldbymanyearlyEuropeansettlers,andhavebeenpassedontosubsequentgenerations.Americandreammeansthebeliefthateveryonecansucceedaslongashe/sheworkshardenough.Itusuallyimpliesasuccessfulandsatisfyinglife.美国梦是由在美利坚合众国的许多人通过努力保持信心，勇气和决心实现一个能给自己一个更好的生活，通常通过金融繁荣。这是许多早期的欧洲移民的价值观，并已传递给后代。美国梦的含义，相信每个人都能长他/她付出足够的努力获得成功。它通常意味着成功和满足的生活。StreamofConsciousness:意识流1.范畴：Itisoneofthemodernliterarytechniques.2.风格：Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter;thoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.Thosenovelsbrokethroughtheboundsoftimeandspace,anddepictedvividlyandskillfullytheunconsciousactivityofthemindfastchangingandflowingincessantly. 这些/J、说突破了时空的界限，生动而巧妙地刻画了心灵的无意识活动，瞬息万变，不断流动。3.举仞ij:ItwasfirstusedbytheIrishnovelistJamesJoyce.ThemodernAmericanwriterWilliamFaulknersuccessfullyadvancedthistechnique.11.theLostGeneration:迷茫的一代1.人物,地点,时间：ThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbySteintorefertoagroupofAmericanLiterarynotableswholivedinParisfromtheendofWorldWarItothebeginningoftheGreatDepression.2. 代表人物：TherepresentativefiguresareF.ScottFitzgerald,ErnestHemingwayandT.S.Eliotandsoon.3. 迷茫的原因：Theywere"lost"becauseafterthewarmanyofthemweredisillusionedwiththeworldingeneral.4.Itreferstoagroupofyoungintellectuals（知识分子）whocamebackfromwar,wereinjured（受伤害）bothphysically（身体上）andmentally（精神上）.12.Yoknapatawpha：约克纳帕塔法I.MostofFaulkner'sworksaresetinasmallregioninNorthernMississippi ,YoknapatawphaCounty,whichisactuallyanimaginaryplacebasedonFaulkner'schildhoodmemoryaboutthetownofOxfordinhisnativeCounty.2.Withrichimagination，heturnedtheland，thepeopleandthehistoryoftheregionintoaliterarycreationandamythicalkingdom.3.ThiskindofstoriesdealwiththehistoricalperiodfromtheCivilWartothe1920s3.Asaresult，theCountyhasbecomeanallegoryandFaulknerhasmanagedsuccessfullytoshowapanoramaofthewholeSouthernsociety.补充：LocalColorism（地方主义）1.时间： Localcolorism，alsocalledregionalism，asatrendbecamedominantinAmericanliteratureinthe1860sandearly1870sand2.特点： itischaracterizedbyvernacular（本国语）languageandsatirical（讽刺的）humor.3.目的：Thefinalgoaloflocalcoloristsistowriteortopresentlocalcharactersoftheirregionsdistinguishedfromother.4.举例： TherepresentativefigureisMarkTwain.ItisauniquevariationofAmericanliteraryrealism.Keywords:MarkTwain,local,peopleandlandscape,realism,language,custom,etc.PartIIMultipleChoicesWhichisnotconnectedwithThomasPaine?A.CommonSense B.TheAmericanCrisisC.TheRightsofMan D.TheAutobiography“Thesearethetimesthattrymen’ssouls”,thesewordswereoncereadtoWashington’stroopsanddidmuchtospurexcitementtofurtheractionwithhopeandconfidence.Whoistheauthorofthesewords?A.BenjaminFranklin B.ThomasPaineC.ThomasJefferson D.GeorgeWashingtonAttheReasonandRevolutionPeriod,AmericanswereinfluencedbytheEuropeanmovementcalledtheA.ChartistMovement B.RomanticistMovementC.EnlightenmentMovement D. ModernistMovementInAmericanliterature,theEnlightenerswerefavorable to .A.thecolonialorder B. religiousobscurantismC.thePuritantradition D. thesecularliteratureTheEnglishcoloniesinNorthAmericaroseinarmsagainsttheirparentcountryandtheContinentalCongressadopted in1776.A.DeclarationofIndependence B.theSugarActC.theStampAct D.theMayflowerCompact usuallywasregardedasthefirstAmericanwriter.A.WilliamBradford B.AnneBradstreetC.EmilyDickinson D.CaptainJohnSmithAnneBradstreetwasaPuritanpoet.HerpoemsmadesuchastirinEnglandthatshebecameknownasthe“ ”whoappearedinAmerica.A.NinthMuseB.TenthMuseC.BestMuseD.FirstMuseWhowasconsideredasthe“poetofAmericanRevolution”?A.AnneBradstreet B.EdwardTaylorC.MichaelWigglesworth D.PhilipFreneauIn1817,thestatelypoemcalledThanatopsisintroducedthebestpoet toappearinAmericauptothattime.A.EdwardTaylor B.PhilipFreneauC.WilliamCullenBryant D.EdgarAllenPoe.10.ThefinestexampleofNathanielHawthorne’ssymbolismistherecreationofPuritanBostonin .A.TheScarletLetter B.YoungGoodmanBrownC.TheMarbleFaun D.TheAmbitiousGuestTheuniverseiscomposedofNatureandthesoul…Spiritispresenteverywhere”.ThisisthevoiceofthebookNaturewrittenbyEmerson,whichpushedAmericanRomanticismintoanewphase,thephaseofNewEngland .A.RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.SymbolismWhichisgenerallyregardedastheBibleofNewEnglandTranscendentalism?A.NatureB.WaldenC.OnBeautyD.Self-RelianceMarkTwaincreated,in ,amasterpieceofAmericanrealismthatisalsooneofthegreatbooksofworldliterature.A.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn B.TheAdventureofTomSawyerC.TheManThatCorruptedHadleyburg D.TheGildedAge markstheclimaxofMarkTwain’sliterarycreativity.A.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn B.TheGildedAgeC.LifeontheMississippi D.TheAdventureofTomSawyerChoosethenovelwhichisnotwrittenbyHenryJames.A.TheAmbassadors B.TheWingsoftheDoveC.TheBostonians D.TheMysteriousStrangerGenerallyspeaking,allthosewriterswithanaturalisticapproachtohumanrealitytendtobe .A.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionistsEzraPound’slongpoem containedmorethanonehundredpoemslooselyconnected.A.TheWasteLandB.TheCantos C.DonJuanD.QueenMabT.S.Eliot’sfirstmajorpoem (1917),hasbeencalledthefirstmasterpieceofmodernisminEnglish.A.TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrockB.TheWasteLandC.FourQuartets D.PreludesErnestHemingwaywasbadlywoundedinItalyandsenttoahospitalwherehefellinlovewithanurse.Thesetwopersonslaterbecamethecharactersofhisnovel .A.TheOldManandtheSea B.ForWhomtheBellTollsC.TheSunAlsoRises D.AFarewelltoArmsInWilliamFaulkner’sTheSoundandtheFury,heusedatechniquecalled ,inwhichthewholestorywastoldthroughthethoughtsofonecharacter.A.streamofconsciousness B.imagismC.symbolism D.naturalismLedbyNathanielHawthorne,RalphWaldoEmersonand ,therearoseakindofteachingsoftranscendentalismintheearlynineteenthcentury.A.HermanMelville B.HenryDavidThoreauC.MarkTwain D.TheodoreDreiserANew hadappearedinEnglandinthelastyearsoftheeighteenthcentury.ItspreadtocontinentalEuropeandthencametoAmericaearlyinthenineteenthcentury.A.realism B.criticalrealism C.romanticism D.naturalismFromHenryDavidThoreau’sjailexperience,camehisfamousessay, whichstatesThoreau’sbeliefthatnomanshouldviolatehisconscienceatthecommandofagovernment.A.Walden B.Nature C.CivilDisobedienceD.CommonSenseMarkTwain,oneofthegreatest19thcenturyAmericanwriters,iswellknownforhis .A.internationaltheme B.waste-landimageryC.localcolor D.symbolism5.HermanMelville’_s isanencyclopediaofeverything:history,philosophyreligion,etc.inadditiontoadetailedaccountoftheoperationsofthewhalingindustry.A.TheOldManandtheSea B.MobyDickC.WhiteJacket C.BillyBuddTheship“ ”carriedaboutonehundredPilgrimsandtook66daystobeatitswayacrosstheAtlantic.InDecemberof1620,itputthePilgrimsashoreatPlymouth,Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.Mayflower D.PequodFrom1733to1758,BenjaminFranklinwroteandpublishedhisfamous ,anannualcollectionofproverbs.A.TheAutobiography B.PoorRichard’sAlmanacC.CommonSense D.TheGeneralMagazineInAmericanliterature,theeighteen-centurywastheageoftheEnlightenment. wasthedominantspirit.A.HumanismB.RationalismC.RevolutionD.Evolution wasthemostleadingspiritoftheTranscendentalClub.A.HenryDavidThoreau B.RalphWaldoEmersonC.NathanielHawthorne D.WaltWhitmanEdgarAllenPoe’sfirstcollectionofshortstoriesis .A.TalesofaTraveler B.LeatherstockingTalesC.CanterburyTales D.TalesoftheGrotesqueofArabesque wasaromanticizedaccountofHermanMelville’sstayamongthePolynesians.ThesuccessofthebooksoonmadeMelvillewellknownasthe“manwholivedamongcannibals”.A.MobyDick B.TypeeC.OmooD.BillyBuddWhichisregardedasthe“DeclarationofIntellectualIndependence”?A.TheAmericanScholar B.EnglishTraitsC.TheConductofLife D.RepresentativeMenThethreedominantfiguresoftherealisticperiodinAmericanliteratureare .TheodoreDreiser,EmilyDickinsonandWilliamDeanHowellsMarkTwain,HenryJamesandWilliamDeanHowellsMarkTwain,TheodoreDreiserandWilliamDeanHowellsMarkTwain,EmilyDickinsonandWilliamDeanHowellsTOC\o"1-5"\h\zAmericanliteratureproducedonlyonefemalepoetduringthenineteenthcentury.Thiswas .A.AnneBradstreet B.JaneAustenC.EmilyDickinson D.HarrietBeecherIn1900,Londonpublishedhisfirstcollectionofshortstories,named .A.TheSonoftheWolf B.TheSeaWolfC.TheLawofLife D.WhiteFangInHenryJames’DaisyMiler,theauthortriestoportraytheyoungwomanasanembodimentof .A.theforceofconvention B.thefreespiritoftheNewWorldC.thedeclineofaristocracy D.thecorruptionofthenewlyrich“Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;Petalsonawet,blackbough.”Thisistheshortestpoemwrittenby .A.T.S.EliotB.RobertFrostC.EzraPoundD.E.E.CumingsTheFitzgeraldlivedsoextravagantlythattheyfrequentlyspentmoremoneythanF.ScotFitzgeraldearnedforparties,liquor,entertainingtheirfriendsandtraveling.Itwasthislivingstylethatnicknamedthedecadeofthe1920sas .A.TheRoaringTwentiesB.TheJazzAgeC.TheDollarDecadeD.alloftheaboveIn1954,wasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteratureforhismasteryoftheartofmodernnarration".A.T.SEliotB.ErnestHemingwayC.JohnSteinbeckD.WilliamFauknerWilliamFaukner'snovedescribesthedecayanddownfallofanoldsouthernaristocraticfamily,symbolizingtheoldsocialorder,toldfromfourdifferentpointsofview.A.TheSoundandtheFury B.StartorisC.TheUnvanquished D.TheTownTheLureoftheSpirit:TheFleshinPursuit"sithetitleofonechapterinDreiser'snovel.A.AnAmericanDream B.SisterCarrieC.DreiserLooksatRussia D.JannieGerhardtThemainthemeofTheArtofFictionrevealshisliterarycredothatrepresentationoflifeshouldbethemainobjectofthenovel.A.HenryJames'B.WilliamDeanHowells'C.MarkTwain's D.O.Henry'sWithWilliamDeanHowells,James,andMarkTwainactiveonthescene,becamethemajortrendintheseventiesandeightiesofthenineteenthcentury.A.sentimentalismB.romanticism C.realism D.naturalismWhileembracingthesocialismofMarx,Londonalsobelievedinthetriumphofthestrongestindividuals.Thiscontradictionismostvividlyprojectedinthepatentlyautobiographicalnovel.A.TheCalloftheWildB.TheSeaWolfC.MartinEdenD.TheIronHeelisanovellaaboutayoungAmericangirlwhogetskilled"bythewinterinRome,anditbroughtHenryJamesinternationalfameforthefirsttime.A.TheAmerican B.TheEuropeansC.DaisyMiller D.ThePortaitofaLady答案：1-5DBCDA6-10DBDCA11-15BAAAD16-20CBADA21-25BCCCB26-30CBBBD31-35BABCA36-40BCDBA41-45BACCCPartIIIMatching（15分）作家作品人物连线MarkTwain（马克•吐温）WilliamDeanHowells（豪威尔斯）HenryJames（詹姆斯）StephenCrane（克莱恩）TheodoreDreiser（德莱塞）6|EzraPound（庞德）WilliamCarlosW川iams （威廉斯）T.S.Eliot（艾略特）RobertFrost（弗罗斯特）CarlSandburg（桑伯格）WallaceStevens（史蒂文斯，非重点）F.ScottFitzgerald（菲茨杰拉德）ErnestHemingway（海明威）WilliamFaulkner（福克纳）JohnDosPassos（非重点）JohnSteinbeck（非重点）EugeneO.Neill（奥•尼尔）PartIVBlankFilling" "isperhapsthepeakofWilliamCullenBryant'swok.Thanatopsis”,WilliamCullenBryant'sbest-knownpoem,consistsoffourstanzasiniambic tetrameter_.Thetitlemeans二 二Afterhisdeath,LongfellowbecametheonlyAmericantobehonoredwithabustintheofWestminsterAbbey.HarrietBeecherStowe,theauthorof,hadbecomeanAmericaninstitutionandthemostfamousliterarywomanintheworld.WilliamDeanHowellsfoundhissubjectmatterintheexperiencesoftheAmerican .WilliamDeanHowellscalledforthetreatmentofthe "asbeingthemoreAmerican.”Thenaturalistsemphasizedthattheworldwasamoral,thatmenandwomenhadnofreewill,thattheirliveswerecontrolledbyandthe ThepoeticstyleWaltWhitmandevisedisnowcalled .O•Henry'sstoriesareusuallyshortandinteresting;Famousfortheir.HenryJamesisfamousforhisofthetraditionlessAmericanconfrontingthecomplexityofEuropeanlife.JackLondonbelievedintheinevitabletriumphofthe.Dreiser'sgreatestandmostsuccessfulnovel,AnAmericanTragedy,isaboutayoungmanwhoactsasiftheonlywayhecanbetrulyfulfilledisbyacquiringwealth—throughifnecessary.Writersofthefirstpostwareraself-consciouslyacknowledgedthattheywerea" ，”devoidoffaithandalienatedfromacivilization.WallaceStevens'workisprimarilymotivatedbythebeliefthat” ".Withthepublicationof,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhatGertrudeSteinhadcalledalostgeneration."参考答案：见填空题题库PartVDecidewhetherthestatementsaretrueorfalse(T/F).JohnWinthrop'sreportsofexploration,publishedintheearly1600s,havebeenregardedasthefirstdistinctAmericanliteraturewritteninEnglish.In1612,WilliamBradfordpublishedinEnglandabookcalledAMapofVirginia;Withadescriptionofthecountry.PhilipFreneauwasneoclassicalbytrainingandtasteyetromanticinessentialspirit.RalphWaldoEmersonwasrecognizedastheleaderoftranscendentalistmovement,buthealwaysappliedthetermTranscendentalist"tohimselfortohisbeliefsandideas.ToNathanielHawthorneandHermanMelville,thetellingofatalewasawayofinquiringintothemeaningoflife.WaltWhitmanwasattackedinhislifetimeforhisoffensivesubjectmatterofsexualityandforhisconventionalstyle.TomSawyerwalkedoutofTwain'spagesdirectlyfromhisfreshmemoryofhisboyhoodinthewest.HurstwoodisacharacterinTheodoreDreiser'sSisterCarrie.Inthedecadeofthe1910s,Americanliteratureachievedanewdiversityandreacheditsgreatestheights.EdwinArlingtonRobinsonbeganhiscareerasanovalistinbleaknessandpoverty.ThegreatestofAmericasrealists,suchasHenryJamesandMarkTwain,movedwellbeyondasuperficialportrayalofnineteenth-centuryAmerica.HenryJameswasarealistinthesamewayasoneviewstherealismofMarkTwainorWilliamDeanHowells.SisterCarrieisgenerallyregardedasTheodoreDreiser'smasterpiece.Generallyspeaking,JackLondonwasmuchmoreinterestedinideasthanStephenCraneandlesssentimentalthanFrankNorris.RalphWaldoEmerson'sprosestylewassometimesashighlyindividualashispoetry.Americanliteratureistheoldestofallnationalliterature.Georgia,Carolina,Virginia,Maryland,NewYork,NewEngland,allwerenamedafterFrenchmonarchsandlands.BenjaminFranklinwasaprosestylistwhosewritingreflectedtheneoclassicidealsofclarity,restraint,simplicityandbalance.TheFalloftheHouseofUsherisoneofEdgarAllanPoe'spoems.TheScarletLetterissetintheseventeenthcentury.ItisanelaborationofafactwhichtheauthortookoutofthelifeofthePuritanpast.WaltWhitmanwassogreatthathewonrespectandloveduringhislifetimeforhisLeavesofGrass.ManyofO.Henry'sstoriescontainalotofslangandcolloquialexpressions,justlikehisownspeech.HenryJameswasarealistinthesamewayasoneviewstherealismofMarkTwainorWilliamDeanHowells.RobertFrostrejectedtherevolutionarypoeticprinciplesofhiscontemporaries,andchosetheold-fashionedwaytobenew"instead.JohnSteinbeck'sthemewasusuallythatsimplehumanvirtuessuchaskindnessandfairtreatmentwerefarsuperiortoofficialhard-heartedness,orthedehumanizingcrueltyofexploitersfortheirowncommercialadvantage.TranscendentalistsspokeforculturalrejuvenationandagainstthematerialismofAmericansociety.WashingtonIrvingwasthefirstgreatbelletrist,writingalwaysforpleasure,andtoproducepleasure.JamesFennimoreCooperlaunchedtwokindsofimmenselypopularstories:theseaadventuretaleandthefrontiersaga.PuritaninfluenceoverAmericanRomanticismwasconspicuouslynoticeable.YoungGoodmanBrown"seemstoproveeveryonepossessessomeevilsecrets参考答案：1-5FFTFT6-10FTTFF11-15TFFTT16-20FFTFT21-25FFFTT26-30TTTTTPartVIAnswerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.Whenagirlleavesherhomeateighteen,shedoesoneoftwothings.Eithershefallsintosavinghandsandbecomesbetter,orsherapidlyassumesthecosmopolitanstandardofvirtueandbecomesworse.Ofanintermediatebalance,underthecircumstances,thereisnopossibility.Thecityhasitscunningwiles,nolessthantheinfinitelysmallerandmorehumantemper.Therearelargeforceswhichallurewithallthesoulfulnessofexpressionpossibleinthemostculturedhuman.Thegleamofathousandlightsisoftenaseffectiveasthepersuasivelightinawooingandfascinatingeye.Halftheundoingoftheunsophisticatedandnaturalmindisaccomplishedbyforceswhollysuperhuman.Ablareofsound,aroaroflife,avastarrayofhumanhives,appealtotheastonishedsensesinequivocalterms.Withoutacounselorathandtowhispercautiousinterpretations,whatfalsehoodsmaynotthesethingsbreatheintotheunguardedear!Unrecognizedforwhattheyare,theirbeauty,likemusic,toooftenrelaxes,thenweakensthenpervertsthesimplerhumanperceptions.必考！Questions:⑴Fromwhichnovelisthisparagraphtaken?Whoistheauthorofthisnovel?Howdoyouunderstandthecosmopolitanstandardofvirtue"?Isthereanynaturalisttendencyinthispassage?Answers:⑴SisterCarrieTheodoreDreiserThecosmopolitanstandardofvirtue"issomethingthatmakesapersonbecomelowinvirtueandbecomeworse.⑷Yes.BrieflydiscussthenovelTheGreatGatsbyTheGreatGatsby,anovelwrittenbyF.ScottFitzgerald,isoneofthegreatestnovelsinAmericanliterature.Itfullyexploresthedisillusionmentanddespairofthe10stgenerationthroughthepersonaltragedyofayoungmanwhose“incorruptibleDream"iseasilysmashedintopiecesbythecrudereality.Theprotagonist,Gatsby,isamythicalfigurewhoseintensityofdreampartakesofastateofmindthatembodiesAmericanitself.HisfailuremagnifiestheendoftheAmericanDream.Thestyleofthestoryisexplicitandchilly.Fitzgerald'saccuratedialogues,hiscarefulobservationofmannerismandthecolorfulimagesprovidethereaderwithavividandprofoundsceneofthereality.WhatarethethreemainprinciplesthatEzraPoundendorsed?⑴Directlytreatpoeticsubjects.Eliminatemerelyornamentalorsuperfluouswords.Rhythmicalcompositioninthesequenceofthemusicalphraseratherthaninthesequenceofmetronome.PartVIIEssayWriting（这个部分给大家的答案只是罗列了回答的要点，要将其连缀成文，如果简单按复习题给的答案罗列，只得一半分数)WriteashortessayaboutthenovelTheGrapesofWrathWriter:JohnSteinbeckwonNobelPrizeforLiteraturein1962;spokefortheoppressedandsufferedBackgroundinformation:⑴Oklahomausedtobeamajoragriculturalstate.Inthe1930s,adraughtruinedthisplace.Peoplehadtoleaveheretoseekawayout.ManyofthemwenttoCaliforniainhopeoffindingjobstheretosupporttheirfamily.(2)TheGreatDepression.Meaningoftitle:⑴Hopetodespair;(2)Wrathofpeople;(3)Indicationsofrevolution.Theme:(1)Embodyingthemassmiseryoffarmers;(2)Praisingthespiritofloveandunity;(3)Advocatingfightandstruggleforbette