完形填空和阅读理解组合训练- 高三英语一轮复习

高三上学期英语完型填空和阅读理解训练一．完型填空1.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。WhenBrucewasyoung,hewasalwaysenergetic.Butatage30,he1himselftotakingdrugs.Withinmonths,hewasreducedtosleepingunderabridge,whichhappenedtobeonthe2oftheBostonMarathon.Hewouldwatchtherunnersspeedpast,longingtotakepartandpullhislifetogether.Afteralotoftherapy(治疗）andlove,the54-year-oldmanhassofar3themarathonfinishline32times.Withoutdoubt,hismostrecentracewasthemost4.Earlyonemorning,Bruce5thesubwayboundfortheChicagoMarathon.Beforelong,henoticedamanwhoseemedtobe6movingfrompassengertopassenger,askingforsparechange.Hisbehavior7Bruceas"reallyabsurd”,especiallythewayheglaredatanyonewhohefelthadn'tgivenhim8.ThenattheCumberlandstation,severalstopsbeforetheoneforthemarathon,mostofthepassengerssuddenly9thetrain,shoutingthatthemanaskingformoneywas,infact,10androbbingpeople.11hemightthrowhimselfindanger,worriedthatmanwouldhurtinnocentpeople,Brucerushedtothemanandfoughtforthegun.12,hepinnedhimagainstthedoorandgrabbedthegun.ThenthepolicecrowdedintothetrainandBruceletthem13.＂Ijusthappentobeattherightplaceattherightmoment,"hesays."I'velivedahardlife,butIbelievechangestarts14yourself.It'sagreatexperienceforanimperfectmantofindthe15waytogiveback."1.A.awoken B.advanced C.abandoned D.applied2.A.point B.avenue C.basis D.route3.A.crossed B.extended C.marked D.beaten4.A.unbelievable B.abnormal C.memorable D.forgettable5.A.missed B.approached C.boarded D.transformed6.A.homeless B.violent C.desperate D.disabled7.A.thought B.struck C.regarded D.described8.A.change B.money C.trust D.enough9.A.fled B.withdrew C.avoided D.skipped10.A.equipped B.armed C.injured D.prepared11.A.Unless B.Before C.While D.As12.A.Surprisingly B.Eventually C.Hopefully D.Undoubtedly13.A.takein B.takeup C.takeon D.takeover14.A.within B.beyond C.against D.above15.A.excellent B.perfect C.satisfactory D.amazing2.Lifecangettough,butit'simportanttokeepfightingforthebetter.Inparticular,duetoCOVID-19,manymorepeoplearestrugglingwith1challengesrightnow,whetherthat'sillness,inabilitytomovearound2,orareductionincontactwithfriendsandfamily.Let'sexploresomewaystokeepingfightingandgetthroughthedifficulttimes.Changeanyexpectationsyouhaveofyourself.It'sokaytoslowdownand3thenumberofthingsyouhaveonyourplate.Actually,it'simpossibleto4atyourfullpotentialinahardtime.Sounderstandandacceptthatyou'regoingthrougharoughpatchandallowyourselfto5tothisperiodinyourlife.Bekindtoyourself.Whateveritisthatyou'regoingthrough,makeitpartofyour6todosomethingeverydaythatmakesyouhappy.Don'tfocusonthebig,unsustainablegesturesliketripsabroad7,focusonthesmallerpleasuresinlife,likehavingacupofreallygoodcoffeeorahotbath.Reduceyourexposuretothingsthat8negativeemotions.Whenyouarementallystrong,youmightbefinewatchingthenewsabout9eventsbecauseyouknowthatlifeisn'talwayslikethis.Butwhenyou'rementallyweak,youmight10yourselfthatlifeisalldoomandgloom.The11hasn'tchangedyourstateofmindhas.Finally,don'tbeafraidto12forhelp.Weallneedahelpinghandsometimes.It's13__tobeashamedof.Onlineforumsareagreatwaytofind14becausetheyfocusontheproblemathand,andyou'llalwaysfindpeoplegoingthrough15issues.Youmaynotgetasolutiontoyourtroubles,butsometimesjustbeingabletoshareyourfeelingsisenough.1.A.worthyB.variousC.technologicalD.psychologica12.A.physicallyB.merrilyC.instantlyD.freely3.A.increaseB.keepC.reduceD.show4.A.performB.pressC.profitD.plot5.A.adoreB.adjustC.applyD.appeal6.A.favorB.intentionC.occupationD.routine7.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.InsteadD.Furthermore8.A.produceB.defineC.switchD.weaken9.A.positiveB.negativeC.grandD.sporting10.A.convinceB.encourageC.inspireD.persuade11.A.environmentB.gestureC.emotionD.news12.A.tumoutB.reachoutC.layoutD.wearout13.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothingD.something14.A.ambitionB.evidenceC.preferenceD.support15.A.similarB.foreseeableC.dynamicD.tough二．阅读理解AFormostthinkerssincetheGreekphilosophers,itwasself-evidentthatthereissomethingcalledhumannature,somethingthatconstitutestheessenceofman.Therewerevariousviewsaboutwhatconstitutesit,buttherewasagreementthatsuchanessenceexists—thatistosay,thatthereissomethingbyvirtueofwhichmanisman.Thus,manwasdefinedasarational（理性的）being,asasocialanimal,ananimalthatcanmaketools,orasymbol-makinganimal.Morerecently,thistraditionalviewhasbeguntobequestioned.Onereasonforthischangewastheincreasingemphasisgiventothehistoricalapproachtoman.Anexaminationofthehistoryofhumanitysuggestedthatmaninourtimeissodifferentfrommaninprevioustimesthatitseemedunrealistictoassumethatmenineveryagehavehadincommonsomethingthatcanbecalled‘humannature’.Thehistoricalapproachwasstrengthened,particularlyintheUnitedStates,bystudiesinthefieldofculturalanthropology（人类学）.Thestudyofprimitivepeopleshasdiscoveredsuchadiversityofcustoms,values,feelings,andthoughtsthatmanyanthropologistsarrivedattheconceptthatmanisbornasablanksheetofpaperonwhicheachculturewritesitstext.Anotherfactorcontributingtothetendencytodenytheassumptionofafixedhumannaturewasthattheconcepthassooftenbeenabusedasashield（盾牌）behindwhichthemostinhumanactsarecommitted.Inthenameofhumannature,forexample,Aristotleandmostthinkersuptotheeighteenthcenturydefendedslavery.Orinordertoprovetherationalitythenecessityofthecapitalistformofsociety,scholarshavetriedtomakeacaseforacquisitiveness,competitiveness,andselfishnessasnaturalhumancharacters.Popularly,onereferscynically（愤世嫉俗地）to‘humannature’inacceptingtheinevitabilityofsuchundesirablehumanbehaviorasgreed,murder,cheatingandlying.Anotherreasonfordisbeliefabouttheconceptofhumannatureprobablyliesintheinfluenceofevolutionarythinking.Oncemancametobeseenasdevelopingintheprocessofevolution,theideaofasubstancewhichiscontainedinhisessenceseemeduntenable.YetIbelieveitispreciselyfromanevolutionarystandpointthatwecanexpectnewinsightintotheproblemofthenatureofman.1.Mostphilosophersbelievedthathumannature______.A.isthequalitydistinguishingmanfromotheranimalsB.consistsofcompetitivenessandselfishnessC.issomethingpartlyinnateandpartlyacquiredD.consistsofrationalityandundesirablebehavior2.Thetraditionalviewof‘humannature’wasstronglychallengedby_______..A.theemergenceoftheevolutionarytheoryB.thehistoricalapproachtomanC.newinsightintohumanbehaviorD.thephilosophicalanalysisofslavery3.Accordingtothepassage,anthropologistsbelievethathumanbeings_____..A.havesomecharactersincommonB.arebornwithdiverseculturesC.arebornwithoutafixednatureD.changetheircharactersastheygrowup4.TheauthormentionedAristotle,agreatancientthinker,inorderto____..A.emphasizethathecontributedalottodefiningtheconceptof‘humannature’B.showthattheconceptof‘humannature’wasusedtojustifysocialevilsC.provethathehadaprofoundinfluenceontheconceptof‘humannature’D.supporttheideathatsomehumancharactersareinheritedBWhenitcomestobeingfitandhealthy,we'reoftenremindedtoaimtowalk10,000stepsperday.Thiscanannoymany,especiallywhenwe'rebusywithworkandothercommitmentsandyetwheredidthisnumberactuallycomefrom?The10,000stepsadaytargetseemstohavecomeaboutfromatradenamepedometersoldin1965byYamasaClockinJapan.Thedevicewascalled"Manpo-kei",whichtranslatesto"10,000stepsmeter".Thiswasamarketingtoolforthedeviceandhasseemedtohavestuckacrosstheworldasthedailysteptarget.It'sevenincludedindailyactivitytargetsbypopularsmartwatches,suchasFitbit.Researchhassinceinvestigatedthe10,000stepsadaytarget.Butwhilesomeresearchhasshownhealthbenefitsat10,000steps,recentresearchfromHarvardMedicalSchoolhasshownthat,onaverage,around4.400stepsadayisenoughtosignificantlylowertheriskofdeathinwomen.Thiswaswhencomparedtoonlywalkingaround2,700stepsdaily.Themorestepspeoplewalked,thelowertheirriskofdyingwas，beforelevelingoffataround7,500stepsaday.Noadditionalbenefitswereseenwithmoresteps.Althoughit'suncertainwhethersimilarresultswouldbeseeninmen,it'soneexampleofhowmovingalittlebitmoredailycanimprovehealthandlowerriskofdeath.RecentresearchattheUniversityofTexashasalsodemonstratedthatifyou'rewalkingfewerthan5,000stepsaday,yourbodyislessabletometabolize(新陈代谢)fatthefollowingday.Abuildupoffatinthebodycanalsoincreaseaperson'slikelihoodofdevelopingcardiovasculardiseaseanddiabetes.Thisisfurthersupportedbypreviousresearchwhichshowspeoplewhowalkedlessthan4,000stepsadaycouldnotchangethisdecreasedfatmetabolism.Ifyouwanttoincreasehowmanystepsyougetdaily,orsimplywanttomovemore,oneeasywayincludeswalkingtoworkifpossible,ortakingpartofanonlineexerciseprogramifyou'reworkingfromhome.Meetingwithfriendsforawalkratherthaninacafeorpubcanalsobeuseful.5.Whntdoestheauthorthinkofthe10,000stepsperday?A.Itisanupsettingtargettoachieve.B.Itislikelytogooutofstylequickly.C.ItisarisingtendencyofmentalhealthD.Itiseffectiveinreducingpressureonwork.6.WhatdoesresearchfromtheHarvardMedicalSchoolsuggestaboutthetarget?A.Itmattersasmuchas7500stepsaday.B.Themoresteps,thelowerriskofdeath.C.Abitmorethanthetargetcanimprovehealth.D.Abouthalfthattargetappearstobebeneficial.7.Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytellus?A.Absenceofpreviousresearch.B.Recentfindingsoffatbuildup.C.Problemsoflessdailywalking.D.Possiblecausesofphysicalchallenges.8.Whichofthefollowingisoneofthesuggestedwaysaccordingtothepassage?A.Workingathome.B.Treatingfriendsinacafeorpub.C.Drivinglowork.D.Signingupforonlineexerciseprograms.CWhenpeoplesittogetheratnightandenjoythegloriousmoon,anancientpoem,PreludetoWaterMelody,isoftenreadforthisoccasion.Criticssayit'sprobablythebestpoemabouttheMid-AutumnFestival.Let'sjustfocusonitsmostfamousfivelinestomakesomeanalysis.Inthefirsttwolinesofthefive,thewriteriscomparingthelifeofamanwiththechangingfaceofthemoon.InChinseculturethemoonisalwaysconsideredtobeaperfectcarrierofemotionslikenostalgia(怀旧)andlongingforfamilyreunion.Afullmoonsymbolizesperfectionandunity,whileagloomynightmayremindpeopleoftheirmisfortunes.Whenthemoonisroundandfairbutpeopleareseparatedfromtheirlovedones,suchmomentscanbeevenmoreheartbreaking.Beforethecomparison,thepoetactuallycomplainsabouttheseemingly“ruthless(无情的)”moonandasksher:Youshouldhavenospite(怨恨)againstman,butwhy.Whenpeoplepart,areyouoftenfullandbright?However,hesoonrealizesthatnoonehasaneasyride,justlikethemoonmaynotalwaysbebright.TheimperfectionshavebeengoingonsincethebeginningoftimeThat'swhyhesays"Therehasbeennothingperfectsincetheoldendays."Bushouldwegetboggeddown(陷入)bythesufferingofthingswithwhichweCan’tchange?Thepoetgiveshisanswer:Changeyourattitudeandstaypositive.So,wehavethiseverlastingline,"_________________________.”Thepoethopesthatpeopleappreciatethefactthatnomatterwheretheyare,aslongastheonestheyloveandmissarehealthyandhappytheycanalladmirethesamemoonhighintheskyTohisdaypeoplestillusethisversetoexpresstheirgoodwillandwishesforfamilymembersandfriendswhocan'tbewiththem,especiallyduringmajorfestivals.9.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.HowwecanappreciateChinesepoetryabouttheMid-AutumnDay.B.WhenwemustrecitethebestChinesepoetryabouttheMid-AutumnDay.C.WhatmadeapoetwritethebesteverMid-AutumnDayChinesepoem.D.WhyapoemisthepeakofChinesepoetryabouttheMid-AutumnDay.10.Whydoesthepoetwrite“nothingisperfectsincetheoldenday"inthepoem?A.Hedoesn'tunderstandwhythemoonhateshumans.B.Heknowseventuallythemoonwillbecomefullagain.C.Herealizeslifeisalwaysaccompaniedbyimperfections.D.Heunderstandslifeistooruthlessandhaslosthisinterestinit.11.WhichofthefollowinglinesisthemostsuitablefortheblankinParagraph4?A.Howlongwillthefullmoonappear?WinecupinhandIaskthesky.B.Lookingup,Ifindthemoonbright;bowing,inhomesicknessI'mdrowned.C.Inspringtheriverrisesashighasthesea;withtheriver'stideuprisesthemoonbright.D.Mayweallbeblessedwithalonglife;milesapart,we'llsharethebeautyofthemoontogether.12.Wecaninferfromthisarticlethattheauthor_______.A.isaveryoptimisticpoetB.likesthefirsttwolinesofthefivemostC.appreciatesthepoet'soptimisminthepoemD.believesapositivestateofmindisamusttoagoodpoetDIfyouevergettheimpressionthatyourdogcan"tell"whetheryoulookcontentorannoyed,youmaybeontosomething.Dogsmayindeedbeabletodistinguishbetweenhappyandangryhumanfaces,accordingtoanewstudyResearcherstrainedagroupof11dogstodistinguishbetweenimages（图像）ofthesamepersonmakingeitherahappyoranangryface.Duringthetrainingstage,eachdogwasshownonlytheupperhalforthelowerhalfoftheperson'sface.Theresearchersthentestedthedogs'abilitytodistinguishbetweenhumanfacialexpressionsbyshowingthemtheotherhalfoftheperson'sfaceonimagestotallydifferentfromtheonesusedintraining.Theresearchersfoundthatthedogswereabletopicktheangryorhappyfacebytouchingapictureofitwiththeirnosesmoreoftenthanonewouldexpectbyrandomchance.Thestudyshowedtheanimalshadfiguredouthowtoapplywhattheylearnedabouthumanfacesduringtrainingtonewfacesinthetestingstage."Wecanruleoutthatthedogesimplydistinguishbetweenthepicturesbasedonasimplecue,suchasthesightofteeth,"saidstudyauthorCorsinMuller."Instead,ourresultssuggestthatthesuccessfuldogsrealizedthatasmilingmouthmeansthesamethingassmilingeyes,andthesameruleappliestoanangrymouthhavingthesamemeaningasangryeyes.”"Withourstudy,wethinkwecannowconfidentlyconcludethatatleastsomedogscandistinguishhumanfacialexpressions,"MullertoldLineScience.Atthispoint,itisnotclearwhydogsseemtobeequippedwiththeabilitytorecognizedifferentfacialexpressionsinhumans."Tous,themostlikelyexplanationappearstobethatthebasisliesintheirlivingwithhumans,whichgivesthemalotofexposuretohumanfacialexpressions,"andthisexposurehasprovidedthemwithmanychancestolearntodistinguishbetweenthem,Mullersaid.13.Thenewstudyfocusedonwhetherdogscan_________.A.distinguishshapesB.makesenseofhumanfacesC.feelhappyorangryD.communicatewitheachother14.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudyfromparagraph2?A.Researcherstestedthedogsinrandomorder.B.Diversemethodswereadoptedduringtraining.C.PicturesusedinthetwostagesweredifferentD.Thedogswerephotographedbeforethetest.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Asuggestionforfuturestudies.B.Apossiblereasonforthestudyfindings.C.AmajorlimitationofthestudyD.Anexplanationoftheresearchmethod.E.Notlongago,LindaKhanwassittingbyahospitalbedinHouston,feelingillatease.Besideherlayherfatherwhoneededaheartsurgery.Thetwoofthemhadengagedinnothingbutdepressingsmalltalk.Then,hereyefellonapileofbooks.Shepickedupone,andstartedtoreaditoutloud."Rightawayitchangedthemoodandatmosphere,"shesays.Readinggavethedaughterawaytoconnectwithherfather.Listeningallowedthefathertravelonthesoundofhisdaughter'svoiceintoaplacewherehefelthimselfagain.“Fromthenon,"Khansays,“Ialwaysreadtohim."Ina2010surveyintheUnitedKingdom,elderlyadultswhojoinedweeklyread-aloudgroupsreportedbetterconcentration,lessanxiety,andanimprovedabilitytosocialize.Thesurveyauthorsowedtheseimprovementsinlargeparttothe“rich,varieddietofseriousliterature"thatgroupmembersconsumed,withfictionencouragingfeelingsofrelaxationandcalm,poetryfosteringfocusedconcentration,andnarrativesgivingrisetocognitive(认知的)thoughts,feelings,andmemories.Intruth,almostanykindofreadingtoanotherpersoncanbebeneficial.Readersgetrewardstoo.ForNeilBush,thelate-lifehospitalizationsofhisfamousparents,GeorgeH.W.andBarbaraBush,becameopportunitiestorepayadebtofgratitude.“WhenIwasakid,theywouldreadtome,"hesaid.Withhisparentsinandoutofcare,“We'vebeenreadingbooksaboutDad'sforeignpolicyand,morerecently,Mom'sautobiography."Bushwenton,hisvoicethickwithemotion,“Andtoreadtheiramazinglifetothemhasbeenaremarkableblessingtome,personally,astheirson."Tomanypeople,readingtoparentsmayseemsofaroutsidethenormalrangeofregularactivities,anditmayevenfeeloddandimproper.However,therearestillalotmanywhobravethemomentarystrangenessofreadingtoelderlyadultsandbothreaderandlistenersare,toborrowaphrasefromWordsworth,surprisedbythejoyofit.16.WhatdidreadingoffertoLindaandherfather?A.Awaytoestablishabond.B.Awaytotraveltogetherinreality.C.Awaytotreatthedisease.D.Awaytoengageinlearning.17.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?A.Improvementsinmentalhealth.B.Benefitsofreadingtoothers.C.Changesincognitiveprocess.D.Developmentofsocialskills.18.WhatdoesNeilBush'sexperienceprove?A.ReadingbenefitsmorethanthelistenerB.Parentsshouldredmoretotheirkids.C.Childrenshouldshowtheirgratitude.D.Redingtoparentsischildren'sduty19.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutreadingtoanelderlyadult?A.Improperandodd.B.Abnormalbutworthy.C.Rewardingandjoyful.D.Interestingbutunnecessary.FProductmarketersshouldbeclearintheirmessagingtoavoidcustomerskepticism（怀疑态度）thatmakesthemfeeltricked,accordingtoUniversityofOregonresearch.Atissueinanewstudywasasocial-cognitive（社会认知）constructcalledtheoryofmind,whichconsidershowwellpeopleassessthementalstatesandapparentgoalsofothers.Itaffectsaperson’srecognitionofbeingpersuaded,assessmentandwillingnesstobuyaproduct.“Therehavebeensomestudiesontheoryofmindinadults,particularlyinunderstandingsalescommunications,”saidco-authorT.BettinaConwell,headoftheDepartmentofMarketingandPhilipH.KnightChairattheUO.“However,therehasn’tbeenalotofattentionpaidtovariationsofhowitplaysout.”Intheproject,Minton,anassociateprofessorofmarketingattheUniversityofWyoming,designedfourexperiments.Thefirstexperimentinvolved61onlineparticipantswhoconsideredavisualwithwords“asoapthatsmellsgoodandisgentleonyourhands”.Asecondconditionhadtheadditionaltext“YouHAVEtobuyit”.Resultsfoundthatnomatterthetextintheadvertisement,highertheoryofmindincreasedskepticismand,inturn,attitudestowardtheproductandpurchaseintentionsdeclined.Inthesecondexperiment,all238participantssawthesamegeneraltextaboutthesweetenerbutacrossthreeadstheaccompanyingvisualschanged.Oneadhadnoadditionalvisualsortext,oneshowedapictureofagirlonabicyclewithapersuasivemessage,andthelastwithanaddedbubblecontainingpersuasivewordsspokenbythegirl.Again,theresearchersgotthesameresultasthefirstexperiment.Athirdexperimentdealtwithtransparency（透明度）.Agroupof200adultssawanadvertisementofferingsevenpacksofseedbutterforfreeforalimitedtimebutwithshippingcostsof$10.99.Abouthalfoftheparticipantssawthepriceinformationonthesamepage（hightran