语法填空解题技巧- 高三英语一轮复习

语法填空实词【名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词】填空（给出词汇的）6-7个动词填空谓语动词【1】时态（一般现在/过去/将来，现在完成/过去完成，现在/过去/将来进行，过去将来时）【2】被动语态beidong=bedone非谓语动词（todo、doing、done、doing）词性转换名词填空单复数一般情况下，+sbook---books以“s、x、ch、sh”结尾，+eswatch---watches辅音加y结尾，变y为i+esactivity---activities以0结尾黑人Negroes英雄heroes爱吃土豆potatoes西红柿tomatoes以f结尾，变f为ves，leaf-leaves，wife-wivesknief-knievesthief-thieves特殊变化mouse-micesheep-sheepfish-fish（2）词性转换3、形容词填空（1）比较级或最高级（2）形容词变副词happy---happily（3）其他词性转换4、副词填空【少】（1）比较级或最高级（2）变否定fortunately---unfortunatelyluckily---unluckily（3）词性转换5、代词填空（1）人称代词主格宾格I---me（2）物主代词（形容词性或名词性）my----mine（3）反身代词【主语与给出的人称一致时】themselvesmyselfyourself6、基数词和序数词变化one---first/oncetwo---second/twicethree---third补充虚词【介词、冠词、连词、从句关联词】填空（未给出词汇）3-4个介词【inonatbyforofwithwithoutfromto】介词+n/doing（动名词）单词词组搭配takeup/on/offsearchfor冠词定冠词the不定冠词a/ananhour、anhonestboy、anexperience连词【and、but、so、if、because、though、although】连接的是2个完整的句子Ifyoucometoseemetomorrow,Iwillbuyyouagift.Becauseitisrainingheavily,Idecidetostayathome.连词【and、but、or】连接两个一样的片段TheycomefromJapanandChina.从句关联词定语从句名词性从句【宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句】其他情况it做形式主语或者形式宾语Itisadj（forsb）todosthsbfounditadjtodosth（2）than“比”Iammuchtallerthanyou.（3）so.......thatHeissotiredthathewenttobedearlier.（4）强调句It'sthisflavorthatattractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking.谓语动词和非谓语动词辨析英语句子主语+谓语【时态、被动】+宾语N+V+N1、在有连词【连接两个完整的句子】（and、but、so、when、if、though、although、assoonas、because、after、before）的句子中Kimberly_谓语动词【时态/被动】_（write）anarticle,sodon’tdisturb（打扰）her.AfterJack谓语动词【时态/被动】（send）somee-mails,hestartedworkingonhisreport.AfterJackhadsentsomee-mails,hestarted非谓语（work）onhisreport.2、在有从句关联词（that、which、who、whether、what、when、where、why）引导的句子Butthistypeofhousing,which【时态/被动】(call)co-housing,isgainingpopularityintheUnitedStates.Butthistypeofhousing,whichiscalledco-housing,谓语【时态/被动】（gain）popularityintheUnitedStates.ThiscomputerisdifferentfromtheonethatI谓语动词【时态/被动】（use）inmylastjob.3、既没有连词，也没有从句关联词的句子，视为一句OurteamdefeatedClass3inthebasketballmatchonWednesday，_非谓语_（beat）them36to35.4、注意：从句关联词的省略定语从句中的that可能省略Ilikethebookmymum谓语动词【时态/被动】（buy）yesterday.=Ilikethebook（that/which）mymum谓语动词【时态/被动】（buy）yesterday.宾语从句中的that可能省略Inoticed(that)theboywascryingthere.时态和被动语态一般现在时表现形式:do/does（三单）用法:1、表示客观事实【一周有7天】或者生活常识【运动有益】2、表示经常性或习惯性的行为【我经常迟到】3、表示事物目前的状态、特征、特性【我是女的】4、表示按照时刻表【火车、飞机】，行程【schedule】，预约【appointment】进行的事情5、主将从现（在if、whether，when，assoonas引导的状语从句中，主句使用一般将来时，从句使用一般现在时[表示将来]）Ifyoucomeheretomorrow,Iwillbuyyouagift.标志词:always，usually，seldom，every.....，sometimes，inmyspare/freetime，whenever被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=am/is/aredone一般过去时表现形式:did用法：表示过去发生的事情/动作表示在过去的一段时间内经常性或习惯性的行为标志词:yesterday，last....，ago，justnow，once[曾经]，in1998被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=was/weredone现在完成时表现形式:have/hasdone用法：表示过去发生的动作对现在产生了影响表示过去的动作延续到了现在标志词:already，since，yet，never，sofar，bynow，uptonow，uptodate、uptillnow，tillnow，in/overthelast/pastfewyears、eversince、.....times、recent/inrecenttime/recently/lately被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=have/hasbeendone注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别Ichangedmyfurniturelastmonth.Ihavechangedmyfurnitureandmyhouselooksmuchbiggernow.Thegirlhasusedthiswashingmachinefor4years.Sheisthinkingaboutbuyinganewone.TheboywonthefirstprizeinanEnglishcompetitionin1998，andoneyearlater，hewenttotheUSAforexchangprogram.Since1997，thegirlhasusedthiswashingmachinefor22years.SinceMaryboughtthiswashingmachinein1997，shehasuseditfor22years.For+一段时间for2years（两年）（1）Shehaslivedwithhergrandparentsfor2years.Butshewillmoveoutsoon.【动作持续到了现在】（2）Shehaslivedwithhergrandparentsfor2years.Sheissoenjoyed.（3）Sheliveswithfriendsnow.Butshelivedwithhergrandparentsfor2years.【动作没有持续到现在】过去完成时表现形式:haddone用法：过去的动作（did）之前发生的另外一个动作（haddone）Isaidin2009thatIhadwonthefirstprizein2008.标志词：sb/sthhaddonesthbeforesth/sbdid被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=hadbeendone一般将来时表现形式:willdo用法：表示以目前为基准的将来要发生的事情表示临时性的决定标志词：tomorrow，next，inthecoming【即将到来的】years，inthefuture/future、foryearstocome被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=willbedone过去将来时表现形式:woulddo用法：表示以过去为基准的将来要发生的事情Isaid3daysagothatIwouldgotoSH.被动语态表现形式：被动=beidong=bedone=wouldbedone现在进行时表现形式:bedoing=am/is/aredoing用法：表示现在正在进行的事情/动作表示循序渐进的过程Theleavesareturningred.标志词：now，atthemoment，look，listen，bequiet过去进行时表现形式:bedoing=was/weredoing用法：表示过去一个时间点或者时间段正在进行的事情/动作Iwassleepingat8o'clockyesterdaymorning.标志词：at8o'clockyesterdaymorning，sb/sthwas/weredoingsthwhensth/sbdidIwassleepingwhenmymumcamein.将来进行时表现形式:bedoing=willbedoing用法：表示将来一个时间点或者时间段正在进行的事情/动作Iwillbesleepingat8o'clocktomorrowmorning.标志词：at8o'clocktomorrowmorning现在完成进行时表现形式:bedoing=have/hasbeendoing用法：表示过去的动作一直在进行，并未停止，强调动作的持续性，可翻译成“一直”Sincetheearthquakehappened，thevolunteershavebeensearchingtheburiedpeoplewithoutstop.Sinceyoucamehere，Ihavereadsomebooks.Sinceyoucamehere，Ihavebeenreadingbooks.所有适应于现在完成时的标志词均适用于现在完成进行时，只是，现在完成时多注重结果，现在完成进行时多注重动作的持续性。Thescientistshavemadealotresearchesonacidrainoverthepastfewyears.Thescientistshavebeenmakingresearchesonacidrainoverthepastfewyears非谓语动词todo（动词不定式）【“，”直接后面不能使用todo】用法：表示目的；翻译成“为了”“去”Ihungsomephotosonmywalltodecorate（decorate）it.Todecorate（decorate）mywall，Ihungsomephotosonit.表示将来Iwanttobuy（buy）somebooks.Hedecidedtobuy（buy）somebooks.Thestudentsareallowedtobuy（buy）somebooks.Therewillbe3marketstobebuilt（build）in2020.搭配被动语态（be+done）+todoThestudentsareallowedtobuy（buy）somebooks.a/an/the+抽象n+todoachancetodosth一个去做.....的机会anopportunitytodosth一个去做.....的机会anabilitytodosth一个去做.....的能力adesiretodosth一个去做.....的欲望aruletodosth一个去做.....的规则IhaveachancetoexperiencetheChinesetraditionalculture.序数词或者最高级+todoMikewillbecomethefirstpersoninhisfamily__tofinish__（finish）collegeeducation.Itisadj（forsb）todosth对某人来说，去做...是.....样的It做形式主语，真正的主语是todosthItisconvenientforustostartabusinessonline.sbfounditadjtodosth某人发现做...是......样的it做形式宾语，真正的宾语是todosthIfounditconvenientforustostartabusinessonline.tomeetthechallengeof为了迎接....的挑战tomeettheneedsof为了满足.....的需要turnouttobe结果是onlytofind意外发现Thislosswasverybadforthecountry,ofcourse,butitturnedout(be)verygoodforthefood.doing/done（分词）【“，”直接后面通常用doing】doing现在分词，表示主动，done过去分词，表示被动【空前面是n，看空和n的关系】【空前面不是n，看空和整句话主语的关系】Iliketheboysleeping（sleep）there.doing（动名词）Ilikereading（read）.Reading（read）ismyhobby.IlearnEnglishbyreading（read）books.英语五大句子类型主语+谓语（vt.）+宾语Iloveyou.Youcanexperiencethetraditionallifestyle.主语+谓语（vi）Iamsleeping.主语+系动词（be）+表语Iamastudent.主语+谓语+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）Mymumgavemeacar.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Ifoundagirlcryingthere.定语从句Iliketheboy.Theboyisreadingbythewindow.=Iliketheboywhoisreadingbythewindow.先行词关系词【名词、代词】【1、连接主从句2、指代先行词3、在从句中充当一定的成分】一、关系词的分类1、关系代词4+2=6个在从句中要充当主语或者宾语（从句缺少主语或宾语）thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas关系副词3个在从句中不充当主语或者宾语（从句不缺少主语和宾语）whenwherewhy关系代词的使用先行词从句缺少主语（关系词在从句中充当主语）从句缺少宾语（关系词在从句中充当宾语）人thatwhothatwhom物thatwhich/thatwhich/人和物thatthat一件事（一句话）whichwhich注意事项：不能使用that的情况：“，”后面不能使用that2、介词后面不能使用that只能使用that的情况：当先行词既有人又有物的情况下Iliketheboyandthedogthatstayedwithmelastnight.当先行词是不定代词【all、everything、someone】时候Ilikeallthatyougaveme.当先行词被不定代词【all、every】修饰的时候Ilikeallthestoriesthatyoutoldmeyesterday.当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰的时候Youarethefirstladythatclimbedupthemountain.当先行词被very、only、few等表示程度的词修饰时Youaretheonlyladythatclimbedupthemountain.whose的使用意为“......的”表示所属n1whosen2n1的n2Ilivenextdoortoacouplewhosechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.Iliketheboywhosefaceisred.Iliketheclassroomwheredesksarewhite.Iliketheclassroomwhoseroofarewhite.WewenttotheNationalParkwheretheflowersandtressaresobeautiful.Iboughtabookyesterdaywhosecoverwasdesignedbymymum.Itookpartinanactivitywhosethemewastoprotectourenvironment.as的使用意为“正如.....一样”位置可前可后，通常与被动语态连用Asisreported，theweatherisfine.Theweatherisfine,asisreported.Theweather,asisreported,isfine.关系副词的使用（从句不缺少主语和宾语）When先行词表示时间【days，year，moment，age，month】Where先行词表示地点【school、room、park、museum】【job、experience】Why先行词表示原因（reason）做题步骤判断是否是定语从句（n）查看从句是否缺少主语或者宾语如果从句缺少主语或宾语，看先行词是人还是物，对应表格如果从句不缺少主语和宾语，看先行词是时间还是地点如果空格前面都是n，则优先考虑whose名词性从句分类主语从句【开头到第二个动词之前】表语从句【be动词之后的句子】宾语从句【实意动词之后的句子】同位语从句关系词what、who、whom（从句缺少主语/宾语）what在从句中做主语/宾语，指代事物who在从句中做主语，指代人whom在从句中做宾语，指代人that（从句不缺成分，表示肯定）引导的是肯定的、陈述的、有结论性的句子在从句中不做成分，没有词意，不翻译，只起到连接的作用在宾语从句中，that可以省略通常与it形式主语连用if/whether（从句不缺成分，表示不确定）引导的是不确定的、疑问的、暂时没有结论性的句子在从句中不做成分，有词意，翻译成“是否”if只能用在宾语从句中，并且不能与ornot连用其他特殊疑问词（句子缺乏逻辑关系时使用）where什么地方，哪里which哪一个when在...时候why为什么how怎么样做题步骤先判断从句是否缺少主语/宾语缺少，使用what、who、whom不缺，肯定that，不确定if/whether句子缺乏逻辑关系，使用特殊疑问词语法填空做题技巧a/an/the+抽象n.+todo冠词加抽象名词（chance、opportunity、desire、ability、day、rule）+todo表示一个去.......的（机会、机会、欲望、能力、一天、法则）Besides，thefestivalisadaytoappreciate（appreciate）thefullmoonandeatTangyuan.Itisadayforfamiliestohold（hold）thefamilyreunionandspendtimetogether.Wehavealotofchancestoexperience（experience）thetraditionalChineseculture........n,which/whov...............逗号前面是一个名词（或者没有逗号，空前面是一个名词），空后面是个动词，这个空基本填which（前面名词不是人）/who（前面名词是人）TheSongartistZhangZeduan’spainting“QingmingScroll”isamasterpieceofart,whichdescribeswhathappenedonbothbanksoftheBianRiverontheQingmingFestival.Unfortunatelyhewasdistrustedbytheking,whoforcedhimtogotoaremotearea.........,doing（v）...............一句话，doing(给出的词是动词).................Shedrewalineinthesky,keeping(keep)NandZseparated.OurteamdefeatedClass3inthebasketballmatchonWednesday，beating（beat）them36to35.The5,464-km-longYellowRiverbreaksbarriersandflowsintothebroadplain,forming(form)thecradle(摇篮)ofChinesecivilization.PremierLiKeqiangdeliveredaspeechattheconference,encouraging（encourage）universitygraduatestostarttheirownbusiness.PremierLiKeqiangdeliveredaspeechattheconferencetoencourage（encourage）universitygraduatestostarttheirownbusiness.被动语态+todo[被动语态后面加todo]空前面有被动语态的表现形式，后面的动词用todoItisdesignedtohonour（honour）QuYuan,thepioneerpoetofancientChina.Inadditiontothese，fishhasalwaysbeenusedtosuggest(suggest)theaccumulationofprosperityandwealthwithmealsonNewYear’sEve.Themoneywillbeusedtoprovide（provide）theschoolwithnewcomputerequipment.TheGreatWallwasbuiltover2,000yearsagotoprevent(prevent)theinvasionofthenorthernnomadic(游牧的)minorities.被+adv+动[被动语态中间加副词]Thisfestivalcelebratesthreefundamentalconceptsthatareclosely（close）connected.Thetraditioniswidely（wide）spread.情态动词【can/could、may/might、should、must】+bedone（do）情态动词后面给了一个动词，这个动词变成bedoneItsroots，stemsandleavescanbeprocessed（process）asamedicalherbthatcancuresomesymptomsofabaddiseaseandkeepawaymosquitoes.情态动词【can/could、may/might、should、must】+adv（adj）do情态动词后面给出一个形容词，空后面是一个动词原形，此处填副词Standingonthetopofthemountain，youcaneasily(easy)seethebeautifulviewofthewholecity.ThereisagloriousbridgecalledtheAnlanCableBridgecrossingtheMinjiangRiveraboveYuzui,whereyoucanclearly(clear)seetheentiresystem.Done（do）by......,.............................空在开头，给出一个动词，后面有个by，使用非谓语动词doneMade（make）byfoldingwontoninhalfandpullingtogethertotwooppositecorners，wonton'sflatprofileallowsittobepan-friedlikeapotstickerinadditiontoitbeingboiledordeep-fried.Respected(respect)byeverygeneration,theMotherRiverholdsanunshakablepositionintheheartofeveryChinese.................,done（do）by......空前面有句子或者名词片段，有“，”后面给出一个动词，动词后有by，填doneThesurvey,published(publish)byconsultingOCthisweek,foundthathotpotisChinesefavoritemeal.................bedone/done（do）by......空前面有句子或者名词片段，没有“，”后面给出一个动词，动词后有by，填bedone/done，需要看句子是否存在谓语动词，有谓语动词使用done，没有谓语动词使用bedoneThepoem“reminiscingmybrotherinShangdongonDoubleNinth”written(write)byWangWeidescribedclimbing.Thepoem“reminiscingmybrotherinShangdongonDoubleNinth”waswritten(write)byWangWei.However,likemostofthegardensinBeijing,theSummerPalacewasdestroyed(destroy)byfireandwasrazedtothegroundbytheAnglo-FrenchAlliedForces.bydoing（do）==介词+doing（do）by在前，给出一个动词，用doing，介词后给出一个动词，用doingMadebyfolding（fold）wontoninhalfandpulling(pull)togethertotwooppositecorners，wonton'sflatprofileallowsittobepan-friedlikeapotstickerinadditiontoitbeingboiledordeep-fried.Iaminterestedinswimming.（swim）it基本都变成its，少数变成itselfTillnow,theYellowRiverhasraised13dynasties,capitalLuoyang,8dynasties'capitalKaifengandthebiggesteconomiccenterinits(it)area—Zhengzhou.Beingthelargestandmostwell-preservedroyalgardeninChina,itgreatlyinfluencesChinesehorticulture(园艺)andlandscapewithits(it)famousnaturalviewsandtheworksofhumankind.it做形式主语或形式宾语ManywesternerswhocometoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.it指代前面的事/物WhenIlearnedmoreaboutthefood,Ibegantounderstandwhyithasthisspecialfeature.8、....al-----allyThefirstthreetypesofteaareprocessedusingsimilarmethodsbutpu’erteausesatotally（total）differentmethod.Originally(original),monks(僧侣)usedlanternsonthetwelfthdayofthefirstlunarmonthtoshowtheirrespecttotheBuddha....ent---ence、...ence--ent、ences【ant---anceance-ant、ances】给出的词是带ence的名词时，可能会变成ences/ent给出的词是带ent的形容词时，基本变成enceTomostChinesepeople,returninghomeafterlongabsence(absent)ordeparturefromhomeisequally(equal)important.Afterreformandopening-up,withtherapiddevelopmentoftheeconomyandevident(evidence)improvementofpeople’slivingstandards,teahousesfloweredinChina.Theyhavethreemajordifferences（difference）.例子：confident---confidencedifferent---differencedifference-differences/differentevident---evidenceconvenience---convenientabsent---absence10、as正如....一样、作为、伴随着（后面加句子）Asanoldsayinggoes，“Nothingtastesbetterthandumplings.（正如...一样）Asthesocietydeveloped,peoplehavemorechancestotravelabroad.（随着）11、with伴随着（后面加片段）、用...（工具）WiththedevelopmentofChina,peoplehavemorechancestotravelabroad.（随着）Inancienttimes，peoplehavemealswiththeirhands.（用...工具）12、Doing（do）.......................句子的开头给出一个动词，变成动名词做主语Having（have）amealofdumplingssometimesmeantimprovementoflife.Formostofthepeople，drinking（drink）enoughwaterisgoodforhealth.Theteachertoldusthatdrinking（drink）enoughwaterisgoodforhealth.Thescientistsayhanging(hang)outonacoldmorningmayboosttheresultofanytestthatday.adv(adj),...........................................空在开头（前面可以加个无关紧要的小词），给出一个形容词，后面紧跟着一个逗号，都变副词Originally(original),monks(僧侣)usedlanternsonthetwelfthdayofthefirstlunarmonthtosh