国际贸易实务练习

5PartOne:MultipleChoices1.Ininternationalcargotransportation,themostwidelyadoptedbillofA.ladingis straightbillofladingB.uncleanbillofladingC.bearerbillofladingD.orderbilloflading2.InDEScontracts,areasonableorderfortimeofshipmentandtimeofdeliveryis A.July1andJune1B.June1andJuly1C.June1andJune1D.July1andJuly1Abillofladingis whenitsdateofshipmentisindicatedearlierthantheactualtimeofshipment.staleB/LconfirmedB/Lante-datedB/LstraightB/LA(an) representstitletothecargo.CTDairwaybillroadwaybillbillofladingThebillofladingpresentedtotheconsigneeorbuyerorhisbankafterthestipulatedexpirydateofpresentationorafterthegoodsareduetheportofdestinationisastaleB/LconfirmedB/Lante-datedB/LstraightB/LA“freighttobecollected”B/Lisacceptabletothebuyerwhenthecontractisbasedon FOBCFRFCACPTA normallyhasregularscheduleddepartures,specifiedroutesandcomparativelyfixedfreightrates.timechartervoyagecharterconferencelinernon-conferencelinerAnorderB/LwithblankendorsementisaB/Lshowing neitherthenameoftheconsigneenorthenameofthetransferorneitherthenameoftheconsigneenorthenameofthetransfereeboththenameoftheconsigneeandthenameofthetransferorthenameoftheconsigneenonameofthetransfereePartTwo:TrueorFalseStatements Linerfreighthascoveredtheloadingandunloadingfee. Billsofladingareusuallymadeoutinafullsetincludingseveraloriginalsandcopies. SincestraightB/LbearshigherriskthantheopenB/L,itisrarelyusedininternationaltransportation. AcleanB/Lisissuedbythesellertothebuyertocertifythegoodsdeliveredareinapparentgoodconditions. Ininternationaltradepractice,thetimeofshipmentisthetimeofdelivery. UCP600stipulatedthatpartialshipmentandtranshipmentallowedunlessitisstipulatedotherwise.PartThreeCalculationThepricequotedbyanexporterwas“USD38percaseFOBLiverpool”.TheimporterrequestedarevisedCFRLiverpoolprice.Ifthesizeofeachcasewas50cm*40cm*30cm,grossweightpercasewas40kg,freightbasiswasW/MandthequotationforLondonisUSD100pertonofcarriage,20%bunkeradjustmentfactor(BAF)and10%currencyadjustmentfactor(CAF),whatwouldbetheCFRprice?Thereisoneconsignmentof10cartonsofleathershoes,measurementofeachcartonis50*50*50cm,grossweightofeachis15KG.TheairfreightartequotedfortheflightrequiredisUSD1.3KG.Howmuchairfreightshouldbepaidtothecarrier?PartFourShortQuestionsUnderwhatcircumstancesdoesthetimeofshipmentequaltotheofdelivery?Whatarethefunctionsofabillofalading?Whatarethemaintypesofbillsoflading?PartFiveCaseStudiesABCCo.signedacontracttoexport200M/Tofbeans.Theletterofcreditstipulated,“Partialshipmentnotallowed”.Whentheshipmentwasbeingmade,theexporterloaded100M/TeachonboardthesamevesselforthesamevoyageattheportofShanghaiandtheportofDalian.shipmentdocumentwasclearlymarkedwiththeportsofshipmentanddatesofshipment.DidtheexporterviolatethetermsoftheL/C?Deeco.signedalargeexportcontract“shipmentwillbemadeduringAugustof2008”.Butduetotheproblemswiththevessel,theshipmentwasnotmadeuntilSeptember13.UponDee’srequest,carrierante-datedtheB/LtoAugust31.Whatcouldbetheconsequenceofante-dating?Whatwouldbetherightthingtodoincaseofapossibledelay?AChineseexportersingedaCIFcontractwithaforeignimporter.PaymentwastobemadebyirrevocablesightL/C.BoththecontractandtheL/Cprohibitedtranshipment.Withinthevalidityofthecredit,exportershippedthecargoonboardalinersailingdirecttotheportofdestination,andpresentedthedirectB/Lfornegotiation.LaterforeignissuingbankalsomadepaymentagainstthedirectB/Lforwardedbythenegotiationbank.However,inordertocollectsomeothercargos,thecarryingvesselunloadedthecargoatanintermediateportwithoutauthorization.Thecargowasinsteadreloadedontoanoldvessel,andthusarrivaltheChinesesideforfraud,sincethecargowasactuallytranshippedeventhoughthedirectB/Lwasissued.Finallytheacceptedtheclaimandmadecompensationasrequested,ashethoughtthathe,asthepersonbookingthevessel,shouldbeliableforthecarrier’sunauthorizedtranshipment.Doyouthinkthesettlementofthiscaseappropriate?Whoshouldbeartheloss?Why?Whoshouldbeliableforthedamage?Why?Whatshouldthesellerdo?2MultiplechoicesAmongalltheIncoterms imposestheminimumobligationandtotheseller.EXWCIFDDPDDUAmongalltheIncoterms imposestheminimumobligationandtothebuyer.EXWCIFDDPDDUAccordingtotheIncoterms2000underFCAtheriskofgoodswilltransferredfromthesellertothebuyer whenthegoodsareplacedatthedisposalofthebuyer.whenthegoodsaredeliveredtothenamedplaceintheexportingcountry.whenthegoodsaregiventothenominatedcarrier.whenthegoodsareloadedonthevehicleofthecarrier.ThetermCIFshouldbefollowedby namedportofshipmentnamedplaceofdestinationnamedship’srailnamedportofdestinationFOBandCFRshareonethingthat riskistransferredwhenthegoodspasstheship’srailtheycanbeusedinanymodeoftransport.thesellerwillberesponsiblefortheunloadingattheportdestinationnoneoftheaboveAccordingtotheIncomters2000underCIFifthegoodsgetloosethehookandfallintotheseaduringtheloadingstage, shouldholdliablefortheloss.thebuyerthesellerthecarrierboththesellerandbuyerTrueorfalsestatements TheEXWtermindicateanactualdelivery. FCAandCPThaveonethingincommonthatthesellerdeliverswhenthegoodsarehandedovertothefirstcarriernominatedbythe SinceunderCFRtheriskwillbetransferredwhenthegoodstheship’srail,thesellerwillnotholdanyresponsibilityifthebuyerfindsthegoodsnotinconformitywiththecontractedspecifications. AlltheCgrouptermsrequirethesellertobearthemainofcarriageandriskduringthetransport. AccordingtotheIncoterms2000underDEQthebuyerisresponsibleforloadingthegoodsonboardthevessel.CasestudiesAcontracttosellgrainusedaCFRterm,ThegrainwasofficiallycertifiedasGradeOneatthetimeofbeingdeliveredonboardattheportofshipment.Aftermakingtheshipment,thesellergavethebuyertimelynotice.However,duetothelongvoyage,somegrainwentbad.Atthedestination,thegraincouldonlybesoldas”Grade3”.thebuyerclaimedcompensationforthedamage.Shouldthesellerpay?Why?3 MultiplechoicesAmessagebearingthecontentas“„havetheintentionto1000gross‘BlackGirl’toothpaste,pleasequoteusthebestpriceandtheearliestshipmenttime”iscalled anofferaninquiryacounter-offeranacceptanceIftheCIFpriceofaproductisUSD100/set,freightchargeUSD10/set,insurancepremiumUSD10/set,commissionrate2%,thecommissionbasedonCIFpriceshouldbe USD1.60/setUSD1.63/setUSD2.00/setUSD2.04/setAccordingtoCISG,acontractcanbeestablishedwhen anacceptancebecomeseffectivethesellerandbuyersignonawrittencontractthecontractisapprovedbyauthoritiesanofferreachestheoffereeAcabledofferreachedtheoffereeon12/03.Howeveronedaybeforetheofferorhadinformedtheoffereebyfaxthattheofferhadbeeninvalid.ThisactcanbeconsideredasawithdrawalofanofferanamendmentofanofferanewofferarevocationofanofferThestandardformofapriceconsistsofthefollowingitemsEXCEPT currencyportorplaceofdestinationunitnumberTrueorfalsestatements Offerandcounter-offerarethetwoessentialstagesincommunicationofprice. Exportprofitmargindirectlyreflectsthelocalcurrencyofeachunitofforeigncurrency.Abuyercabledanacceptancetoanoffer,butrequiringtochangepaymentfromD/PatsighttoD/A.Thesellerkeptsilence.Acontractcouldbeestablishedatthismoment. CISGstipulatesthatanofferwillbeeffectivewhenittheofferee. Thereisaruleofthumbininternationaltradestatingthattransactionhavingaprofitmarginover10%isagooddeal.CasestudiesBBcompanysignedacontracttoexportclothing.ItsexportcoststotaledRMB800000,andexportrevenuetotaledUSD100000.IftheexchangeratewasUSD1=RMB8.2,pleasecalculate:itsexportcostforforeignexchange.itsexportprofit/lossrate.DDcompanyofferedtosellgoodsat“USD100percaseCIFNewYork”.TheimporterrequestedarevisedquoteforCFR5%.Thepremiumrateinsurancewas1.05%andmark-upforinsurancewas10%.Togettheexportrevenue,whatwouldbeDD’snewoffer?6MultiplechoicesThemaindocumentadoptedbytheinsuredtomakeclaimsagainstinsureris billofladingtransportationdocumentsinsurancecertificateinsurancedocumentPerilsofthesea,suchasvesselbeingstrandedorgroundedinaninsurancepolicyareonekindof naturalcalamitiesfortuitousaccidentsgeneralextraneousrisksspecialextraneousrisksAccordingto“OceanMarineCargoClauseofthePeople’sInsuranceCompanyofthecoveragewhichcannotbeeffectedisFPAWPAWarRiskAllRiskCompanyAexported5metrictonsoftea.Theteasufferedheavyintransit.Theseawaterintheship’sholdledtothedeteriorationinthequalityofpartoftheteaexported.Thiskindoflossis actualtotallossconstructivetotallossgeneralaverageparticularaverageThecoverageofICC(A)isequivalenttothatof ofCIC.FPAWPAAllRisksAdditionalRisksTrueorfalsestatements S