2018年专四真题虚拟语气和情态动词章振邦语法书页数标注

Subjunctivemood”Thepasttenseinthe(P122,p.129.P143动词过去完成体P181-190,395条件句”ThepasttenseinthesentencereferstoaB.(p128)2017pasteventforexacttimereferencepresenteventfortentativenesspresenteventforuncertaintypasteventforpolitenessV.inspecificcontexts,thesimpiepastcanalsodenotethepresentorthefuturetime.Therearetwouses.Oneisknownastheattitudinalpast(属于表态性过去时”(attitudinalpast),即表示说话人当前的试探性态度，而非过去时间，多用于表示意愿或心理状态的动词)，thatis,thepasttenseisassociatedwiththepresenttimeinindependentclausesexpressingaquestion,requestorsuggestion.Itseffectistomakethequestion/request/suggestionlessdirect,implyingapolite,somewhattentativeattitude试探性态度，婉转语气onthepartofthespeaker.A:Didyouwantme,Iwonderedifyoucouldgivemesomehelp.Want,wonder,think,hope

Theotheriswhatwecallthehypotheticalpast.Thesimplepastrefersnottoafactbuttoanon-fact,andistypicallyfoundinthat-clausesfollowingsuchconstructionsasIt'stime….IwishI'dratherSupposeAsif15.“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn15.“IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'twaittoproposetoher.”ThesubjunmoodinthesentenceisusedtoA.alleviatehostilityexpressunfavorablefeelingsmoodinthesentenceisusedtoA.alleviatehostilityexpressunfavorablefeelingsindicateuncertaintymakeasuggestionindicateuncertaintymakeasuggestionWere-subjunctivehasonlyonformwere,whichappliestosubjectsofallpersons,ishypotheticalorunrealinmeaningIf,ifonly,asif,asthough,though,Wish,wouldrather,suppose,imagine,Asitwere(sotospeak)宛如，好比onlythepatientadifferenttreatmentinsteadofusingtheonlythepatientantibiotics,hemightstillbealivenow.P186 2007received

receivereceivingreceivereceiving正确答案为A).Ifonly引导的虚拟语气，解释为”要是••该多好啊！”与现在的事实相反的则ifonly后接过去式did,和过去事实相反的则接过去完成时haddone.这里是说要是这个病人接受了不同的治疗方式(其实那个时候并没有接受)，与过去事实相反用过去完成时.句意：如果那个病人不使用抗生素而是采用其他疗法，他现在可能还活着呢.51.IfonlyIplaytheguitaraswellasyou!2006P186P19251.IfonlyI52.AwouldBcouldCshould52.AwouldBcouldCshouldDmight52.正确答案为B).could表示能够，是一种一般能力.表示具体能力用beableto.p.192Ifonly引导的虚拟语气，表示”要是…该多好ableto啊！”句意：要是我能像你那样把吉他弹得那么好该多好啊ableto3.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyoursolicitor,headviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2005年51题)2015A.wouldbeB.willhavebeenA.wouldbeB.willhavebeenC.wasabletoD.wereC.wasableto15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,headviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395381)2005willbewaswouldbe

were［译文］如果你把情况向你的事务律师说明，他会比我更能给你提出好的建议。［考点］虚拟语气。本句条件从句中的谓语动词用了过去式explained，但这是复合时态形式，主句说明其内容与 现在/将来的情况相反，所以主句谓语应该由would+动词原形构成。B，C不用于虚拟语气；D.were只用于表虚拟的条件句中。9. ifIhadarrivedyesterdaywithoutlettingyouknowbeforehand（2004年44题）B.WereyousurprisedWouldyoubesurprisedB.WereyousurprisedC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.WouldyouhavebeenC.HadyoubeensurprisedD.Wouldyouhavebeensurprised44.答案：A参考译文：如果昨天没有提前通知你，我就来了，你会觉得奇怪吗试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答：这是一个试题分析：本题考查的是虚拟语气的用法。详细解答：这是一个错综时间条件句。条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作，发生的时间是不一致的，动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。10.Allofuswouldhaveenjoyedthepartymuchmoreiftherequitesuchacrowdofpeopiethere. （2000年49题）A.weren'A.weren'tB.hasn'tbeenC.hadn'C.hadn'tbeenD.wouldn tbe［解析］考点：虚拟语气。由于主句中使用了 wouldhavedone,即表示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 haddone。［译文］若不示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 示与过去事实相反，那么从句中相应地使用 haddone。［译文］若不是那儿人太多，我们在聚会上都会玩得更尽兴的。11.Ifyourcaranyattentionduringthefirst12months,takeitto11.Ifyourcaranauthorizeddealer.（1998年43题）shallneedB.shouldneedC.wouldneedD.willneedC.wouldneedD.willneed情态动词。should可以表示语气较强的假设，出现在if从句中或用于省略了if的条件句句首位置上。例如:Ifyoushouldchangeyourmind,pleaseletusknow.Shouldyoubeinterested,1haveabookonthesubjectyoumightliketosee.should的这一用法经常出现在商务信函中，表示万一”假若”shall有类似用法，用于if、when等引导的从句中，表示将来的可能性,不过语气太强。例如:Ifyoushalleverchangeyouropinion,cometomeagain.should如果用在以if和incase引导的从句中则表示某事不太可能发生。有时在这种句子中主语和should可以倒装，把should放在句首。［译文］如果你购买的车子在最初12个月内出现问题，请与授权经销商交涉。12.,Iwillmarryhimallthesame.（2004年42题）票12.WasherichorpoorWhetherrichorpoorWasherichorpoorWhetherrichorpoorWereherichorpoorBeherichorpoorWereherichorpoorBeherichorpoorwhethersheberightorwrong,shewillhavemyunswerbingsupport.表让步里，be用于虚拟语气句，引导一个（选择性）让步状语从句，相当于whetherheberichorpoor。由于whether省略，这时be需要提前。B其实也讲得通，只是意思上不同，前者表示：不管我是富还是穷,我都要嫁给他。又如：Whetherrichorpoor，oldoryoung，allhavetodie.（《新时代英汉大典》）［译文］不管他是富还是穷，我都要嫁给他。Whetherit（he）be...or...结构，意为不管（不论）是……还是 ”表示让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“beit让步，为虚拟语气的一种表达方式。其省略式为“beit…or…behe…or…等，句子必须倒装。如： IcantranslateallthesebooksintoChinese,betheyinEnglish,FrenchorLatin.［例句］Therebeingnodanger,thepolicewentbacktotheiroffice.险情解除，警察回警局了。3.虚拟语气用在由 “whether引导的让步状语从句中，从句谓语用原形动词。例如:Allenginesworkonthisprinciple,whethertheybelargeorsmall.所有发动机都按这一原理工作，无论它们是大还是小。Wemustfinishtheworkbeforewegohome,whetheritbeearlyorlate.无论时间早晚，我们必须在回家前干完工作。

Allmatter,whetheritbegas,liquidorsolid,ismadeupofatoms.所有物质，不论是气体，液体，或固体，都是由原子构成。在此句型中，可省去whether，而将be放在主语前。例如:Beitso,wemustcontinuetodothetest.Wemustdoourbesttofulfilthetask,beiteversohard.Exampie:I'llmarryhimallthesame.a.Wereherichorpoorb.Beherichorpoorc.Whetherrichorpoord.Beingrichorpoor考点4：itis(high/about)timethat的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。注意：在thisisthefirsttime/secondtimethat….句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。Thisisthesecondtimethatwehaveachievedsuchagreatsuccess.例如:p1863.It'shightimewecuttingdowntherainforests.（200年543.It'shightimeweA.stoppedB.hadtostopA.stoppedB.hadtostopC.shallstopD.stop2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimeheus.Ithinkit'2.Thatwasnotthefirsttimeheus.Ithinkit'shightimstrongactionsagainsthim.2005.betrayed…takeB.hadbetrayed…tookC.hasbetrayed…tookD.hasbetrayed…take3. “Whatcoursesareyougoingtodonextsemester“Idon'tknow.Butitsabouttime“Idon'tknow.Butitsabouttimeonsomet5in题”2002sabouttimI'ddecideB.IdecidedC.IdecideD.I'mdecidingsabouttim5.IfyouhavereallybeenstudyingEnglishforIong,itabletowritelettersinEnglish.(1999年49题)A.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.areA.shouldbeB.wereC.mustbeD.are51.Itisessentialthatheallthefactsfirst.(2014)51.Itisessentialthatheallthefactsfirst.(2014)A.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examineA.isexaminingB.willexamineC.examinesD.examineP181hisstudyinspiteofsomeisabsolutelyessentialthatWilliamhisstudyinspiteofsomelearningcontinueAdvisable,appropriate, desirable,essential, fitting, imperative,important,impossible,necessary,obligatory,proper60.Itisnecessarythathetheassignmentwithout60.Itisnecessarythathetheassignmentwithouthandinhandsinhandinhandsinmusthandinhastohandin

musthandinhastohandinItisimperative/necessary/important 等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动moreinvestmentinto词用虚拟语气，should加动词原形，should可省。moreinvestmentinto6.Itisimperativethatthegovernmenttheshipbuildingindustry. （2006年59题）A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.A.attractsB.shallattractC.attractD.hastoattract7.Itisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.7.Itisimperativethatstudentstheirtermpapersontime.（2004年46题）A.handinwouldhandinC.havetohandinD.A.handinhandedin16.It'asshamethatthecityofficialshouldhavegonebackonhisword.”ThemodalauxiliaryHOULDexpress旦 .（2017）P201AobligationBdisappointmentCfutureinthepastAobligationBdisappointmentCfutureinthepastD.tentativenessInspecificcontexts,shouldcandenoteemotionalfeelingsofsorrow,joy,displeasure,surprise,wonderIt'sapttyatheshouldleavesosoon.

It'sunbelievableatheshouldbeworkingsohard.HowshouldIknowShouldisfoundinexpressionslikeIshouldsay“ ” “IshouldtRhnk.hypotheticalformhereissimplytoindicatethespeaker'sreluctartoecommithimselfonmattersofpersonalfeelingorjudgment.Ishouldsayheisjusttherightmanforthejob.WithoutanydefinitemodalmeaningIinsistedthathego/shouldgowithme.ItisimperativethatTheorderthatForfearthat/sothat/lestWouldcanbeusedtomakeatactfulstatement,apoliterequest,andatentativesuggestion.Itwouldbeashametostopourworkhalfway.19.Atthatmoment,withthecrowdwatchingme,Iwasnotafraidintheordinarysense,asifI__Aalone.2017theordinarysense,asifI__Aalone.2017C.couldbe…werewouldhavebeen…hadbeenB.shouldbeC.couldbe…were19D.mighthavebeen …were19youradvice,IwouldhavemadethewrongHadn'titbeenforHaditnotbeenfor

HaditbeenforHadnotitbeenfor2.52.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathsexam,shemuchbetterresultspwouldbegettingcouldhavegotmustgetwouldget20.ThesentenceIwishIhadbeenmorecarefulinspendingmymoneyexpressesthespeakera)hopeb)joyc)regretd)relief184a)hopeb)joyc)regretd)relief184ableto2016ableto15.Ifyouexplainedthesituationtoyourlawyer,headviseyoumuchbetterthanIcan.(2015)(395381)2005willbewaswouldbewere

条件句的虚拟Ifyouaskedmetomorrow,Iwould(should,但以would较为普通)beabletogiveyoutheanswer.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood.(2013)(p.181)Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o 'clock181Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.Decide,decree,demand,insist,move,order,prefer,propose,tohimbeforerecommend,request,require,suggest,vote.tohimbefore54．Mybossorderedthatthelegaldocumentslunch．2013p181A．A．besentB．weresentC．C．weretobesentD．mustbesent63.Ifittomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.(2013P184)63.Ifitweretorainwastorainwasrainingmucheasiertohadrainedmucheasierto52.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishhad havehad havehad havehad havelearn.couldhavebeenB.wouldbewillbeD.wouldhavebeen61.It61.It'sgettinglate.I'dratheryDOw.(2011.P186)A.leftB.leaveC.areleavingD.willleave考查虚拟语气。wouldrather后面接从句时，表示主语宁愿某人做某事，从句要用虚拟语气，动词用一般过去式，表示希望。注意区分wouldrather其他两个惯用句式：wouldratherdosth.宁愿做某57.Weconsider事”wouldratherdo…thando宁愿做•…而不愿做57.Weconsiderheshouldhaveleftwithouttellinganyonebeforehand.(2009)strangewhyitstrangewhatitstrangethatthatstrangetoquitandwouldhavefinishedhiscollegeeducation,buthetoquitandfindajobtosupporthisYoumusthavethoughtaboutthat.Youmusthavethoughtaboutthat.Youmusthavethoughtaboutthat.Youmusthavethoughtaboutthat.60．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningof“Shallwebuytheticketsfirst”theticketsfirst”2012P200A．Hesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirst．B．Herequestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst．C．Hesuggestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst．DA．Hesaidthatweweregoingtobuytheticketsfirst．B．Herequestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst．C．Hesuggestedthatwebuytheticketsfirst．D．Headvisedustobuytheticketsfirst．表示征求意见，advise建议他人应该怎么做，表示直接给出自己认为对的意见，没有征求的意思。Suggest说出自己的想法供对方参考,65.WhenthesentenceShallIdriveyoutotheairportfirst”isturnindirectspeech,whichofthefollowingismostappropriate(2014P)Heagreedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.Heofferedtodrivemetotheairportfirst.Headvisedmetogototheairportfirst.HesuggestedthatIdrivetotheairportfirst.expressesthe3.Amongthefoursentencesbelow,Sentenceexpressesthehighestdegreeofpossibility.(2016)p207Itmaytakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itmighttakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itcouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Itshouldtakealongtimetofindasolutiontotheproblem.Might,may,could,can,should,oughtto,would,will,mustWhichofthefollowingsentencesindicatesPOSSIBILITY(2014)p193)Themooncannotalwaysbeatthefull.Youcannotsmokeinsidethebuilding.表示不许Hecannotcometoday.否定表示不可能。Shecannotplaythepiano.192泛指一般的能力Can表示可能，较多地用于否定句和疑问句19.whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact(2013p197)Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.表示必然，也是一种推测或推断，其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句。197Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.采用进行体，作推测用法EpistemicP207allepistemicmodalscancombinewithaprogressiveinfinitive.It'sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.表推测，must可以采用完成体thepastformofepistemicmodalsarerealizedbyaddingaperfectiveinfinitive.C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.C.Youmustbeherebyeighto'clock.可以用于there-存在句canbeusedinexistentialsentencesTheremustbesomemistake.静态动词combinewithstativeverbsHemustbethere.主语可以是表示无生命物的名词词组beusedwithaninanimatesubject53.SheItmustbeGeorge.53.ShefiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherataA.hadbeenmustbehasbeenmusthavebeenfiftyorsowhenIfirstmetherattheA.mustbebeenbehavebeenA.mustbebeenbehavebeen正确答案为D).对过去事情的肯定推测用musthavedone,否定推测用couldn'thavedone.65.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpresses"probability"2008A.Youmustleaveimmediately.Youmustbefeelingrathertired.Youmustcompletethereadingassignmentontime.55．WhichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesWILLINGNESSA．Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner．Definitefuture,自然要发生B．Ishallneverdothatagain．2012P151P199C．Mybrotherwillhelpyouwiththeluggage．D．Youshallgetapromotion.说话人的意愿63.WhichofthefollowingitalicizedwordsdoesNOTindicatewillingness(2015P198)A.Whatwillyoudowhenyougraduate意图B.Theywillbehomeby推测C.Whowillgowithme意愿D.Whywillyougotherealone决心解析：“will”可表如下的意思：(Willingness),即愿意做某事。如：Whowillgowithme2.可表“意图”intention)，即“打算”做某事。如：Iwillwritetohertomorrow.3.可表“决心”determination），即坚持要做某事。如： Iwon'tgobackonmywords.4.可表“推测”(prediction)，如：Bynowshewillbeeatingdinner.B.musthavethoughtB.musthavethoughtB.musthavethoughtB.musthavethoughtA.musthavegoneshouldhavegoneoughttohavegonecouldhavegoneA.musthavegoneshouldhavegoneoughttohavegonecouldhavegonePREDICTABILITY64.ThesentencethatexpressesOFFERs(2011)'llyouhaveA.I''llyouhaveDoessheneedtobookaticketnowMayIknowyournameCanyoureturnthebooknextweek将来做某件事的能力by52.Nancy'sgonetoworkbuthercar'sstillthere.ShebyNancyhasgonetoworkbuthercar'sstillthere她已经去工作了但是车还在那musthavegone表示肯定的猜测 （她肯定是坐公交车去的）？shouldhavedone/oughttohavedone者E表示本来应该couldhavedone本来可以musthavedone应该就是本句是对已发生事情的肯定推测，所以用 “must+‘havedon的形式,61.Aren'tyoutiredI故选61.Aren'tyoutiredIyouhaddoneenoughfortoday.(2009)A.shouldhavethoughtmighthavethoughtjourneyinexactlytwodays. journeyinexactlytwodays. （2005年57题）journeyinexactlytwodays. journeyinexactlytwodays. （2005年57题）D.couldhavethoughtTI