人教版英语选修六第一单元知识点

U1（选修六）Abstract1）Adj.深奥的，抽象的Astronomyisanabstractsubject.天文学是一门深奥的学科。Theword“honesty”isanabstractnoun.Beautyisabstractbutahouseisnot.美是抽象的，房子是具体的。2）V.①“提炼” “抽取”Theworkersareabstractingmetalfromore.工人们正在由矿砂提炼金属。Rubberisabstractedfromtrees.橡胶是从树木提取的。Saltcanbeabstractedfromseawater.盐是从海水中提取出来的。Q“转移（注意）等distractone'sattentionfro从sth上转移开某人的注意力Nothingcandistracthisattentionfromhiswork.③“概括，写摘要”Heisabstractingastoryforabookreview.他在为一篇书评撰写故事摘要。3） n.anabstractofalecture一个演讲的摘要WouldyouratherhaveChineseorWestern-stylepaintingsinyourhome?wouldratherdosth情愿做,.wouldrathersbdidsth情愿sb做,情愿做,.而不愿意做,：wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth=prefertodosthratherthandosth=preferdoingsthtodoingsthIwouldratherstayathometoday.我今天宁愿待在家里。Iwouldratheryoucameheretomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。Iwouldratheryouhadn 'ttoldmeaboutitye我e宁愿你昨天没有告诉我关于它。我宁愿跟你走而不愿意待在这里：Iwouldrathergowithyouthanstayhere.Iwouldgowithyouratherthanstayhere.Iprefertogowithyouratherthanstayhere.Iprefergoingwithyoutostayinghere.faithn.信任,信仰breakone'sfaithwithsb.对某人不守信用keepfaithwith忠于信仰;守信Ikeptfaithwithhim.我信守了对他的诺言。Hewholosesfaith,losesall.失去信心的人,失去所有。faithfuladj.忠诚的，可靠的havefaithin相信,信任ingoodfaith老实地；诚恳地AstherearesomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itwouldbeimpossibletodescribealloftheminsuchashorttext．salad/adv+that…so+adj+a(an)+(单数可数)什that,)somany/few+n(复数)(+that,)somuch/little(不可数)(+that,)such+adj.+n.(不可数”n(复数)eg.1)Thebookis interestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.Itwas acolddaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.Itwas coldadaythattheiceintheriverwasnearlytwofeetthick.Thereare manymistakesinyourcompositionthatIcan 'tunderstandit.Hehasmade rapidprogressthathegotthefirstintheexam.sosuchsososuchso+adj./adv.so+adj.+an/a+c.n(单)so+many(few,much,little)+n.such+(a)+(adj.)+n thatMaricwasabletosetupnewbrancheselsewhere.(07陕西)SosuccessfulherbusinesswasSosuccessfulwasherbusinessSoherbusinesswassuccessfulSowashersuccessfulbusinessBconsequentlyadv.所以，因此Ioversleptand Iwaslateforwork.我睡过头了,所以我上班迟到了。MrFosterhasneverbeentoChina.Consequently,heknowsverylittleaboutit.福斯特先生从未去过中国,所以对中国了解得很少。Itrainedthatdayand___thebaseballgamewascalledoff.however B.stillC.so D.consequentlyDconsequentadj.作为结果的,随之发生的asaconsequence/result=inconsequence=soShewasfoundguilty,andlostherjobinconsequence(ofit).她被判有罪,因而失去了工作consequencen.结果asaconsequence/resultof=becauseofaimn.

(C)目标withoutaim无目的的/无目标的achieveone'saimmissone'saim打不中目标Q(U)对准,瞄准takeaimatThehuntertookaimatthelionsb/sth'saimistodo,,的目标是,.Whatisyouraiminlife?你生活的目的是什么?Thegovernor'saimistoincreasecitizens 'income.v.(D(以枪等)对准,瞄准aimattakeaimatthetarget=aimatthetarget瞄准靶子Thefactorymustaimatincreasingitsquality.他用枪瞄准老虎并开火,但没打中Heaimedhisgunatthetiger,firedbutmissedit.aimlessa.无目标的，无目的的Sheledanaimlesslife.打算，计划，以”为目标，立志做”aimatdoing=aimtodo瞄准,力求做到,力争达到Harryaimsatbecomingadoctor.or:Harryaimstobecomeadoctor.Conventional,形式上的adj.(traditional)常规的，通常的，传统的 ;,形式上的conventionalweapons常规武器aconventionaldesign传统图案conventionalopinions旧观念Thechairmanmadeafewconventionalremarks.主席说了几句客套话。typicaladj.典型的；具有代表性的；象征性的 (representative)atypicalcharacter典型人物typicalexample典型事例Heisatypicalpupil;heislikemostoftheotherpupils.他是一个有代表性的学生，他和大多数其他学生一样。adj.evident明白的,明显的(apparent)n.evidence证据;证明Theapplausemadeitevidentthattheplaywasahit.掌声显然表明该剧是成功的。Itisevident(obvious)(tosb)that …It'sevidentthatyouaretired.显然你累了。inevidence=evident明显的realistic现实主义的,逼真的,现实的inamorerealisticway以一种更逼真的形式realism现实主义idealismrealist现实主义者terrorism恐怖主义terrorist恐怖分子Socialism

Socialistrealadj.真的realizev.Socialistrealadj.真的9.DuringtheRenaissance,newideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedthoseheldintheMiddleAges.ideasandvalves定语whichwereheldintheMiddleAgeshold,Ideas/value持有,的观点/价值观Iholdtheviewthattheplancan'twork.adoptvt.采取;采纳;吸收Aftermuchdeliberation,thepresidentdecidedtoadopthersuggestion.再三考虑之后,我决定采纳她的建议。过继,收养［（+as）］Mr.Kernadoptedtheorphanashisownson.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。正式通过,接受Theagendawasadoptedaftersomediscussion.经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。adoptedadj.被收养的，被采用的adoptedchildpossess用作动词时，不能用于进行时。有多种不同的含义：1）“有，拥有”。如：Thelibrarypossessesanumberoftheartist '图书馆里藏有那位画家的一些早期作品。2）"具有”的特质”。常见搭配有bepossessedofsth意为"具有某种品质或特征”。如:I'mafraidhedoesn'tpossessasenseo恐h怕m他没有什么幽默感。Heispossessedofgreatnaturalability.他很有天赋。3） “支配，控制”。如:Hewaspossessedbythedesiretoberich.possession【c】财产，所有物（常用复数）Theringisoneofhermostvaluablepossessions.这只戒指是他最珍贵的财产之一。personalpossessions个人财产Helostallhispossessionsinthefire.②【u】占有，拥有takepossessionof占领，夺取comeintopossessionof占有inpossessionof （表主动）inthepossessionof（表被动）,被占有Heisin~ofthehouse.他拥有这套房子。Thehouseisinthe~ofhim.这套房子在他的占有之下。--Doestheyoungmanstandingthere thecompany?--No.Thecompanyis hisfather.have~of;in ~ofin~of;inthe~oftake~of;inthe~of

have~of;in~ofconvinceconvincesb.todosth=convincesbofsth.说服某人做,Convincesbthat使某人确信某事Heconvincedmeofhissincerity.他使我确信他的真诚。Iwasconvincedthathewassincere.Yourmistakesconvincedmethatyouhadn 'tstudiedyOU的错SO使我确信你没有学习功课。convincevt.“使确信；使信服”convincesb.ofsth./that...Scientistsareconvinced thepossibleeffectoflaughter physicalandmentalhealth.（江西2007）A.of;at B.by;inC.of;on D.on;atbycoincidence碰巧,由于巧合whatacoincidenee!多么凑巧的事情啊！Whatacoincidencetomeetyouhere.真巧在这儿碰到你。Imethimbycoincidence.Ididn 'tknhoewreh.ewasagreat/gooddeal大量;大量Eversincethereformandopening,Chinahaschangedagreatdeal.（adv.修饰v.）Agreatdealhasbeenstudiedandthisisconsideredthebestwaytosolvethedifficultproblem.（n.）Heranagreatdealfasterthanme.（修饰比较级）agreat/gooddealof为adj,修饰[U]Agreatdealofmoneywasspentontheproject.那个项目花费了大量金钱。1） 修饰可数名词：manyafewagood/greatmanyAgreatmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltalongthestreet.alarge/big/great//smallnumberofManya+单数名词Morethanone+单数名词2） 修饰不可数名词：muchagood/greatdealofalargeamountof（谓语动词用单数）largeamountsof（谓语动词用复数）3） 修饰可数和不可数名词alotof/lotsofplentyofalargequantityof（谓语动词用单数）largequantitiesof（谓语动词用复数）练习：thestudentsinourschoolgotocollegeintheirteens.AgoodmanyB.AgreatmanyofC.AgreatdealofD.AlotofHeis betternow.Don'tworryabouthim.A.moreB.agreatdealofC.anumberofD.agreatdealTheimpressionistswerethefirstartiststopaintoutdoors.Heisalwaysthelastonetoleavetheclassroom.14.Shadown.影子Thewillow'sshadowfallsonthelalke柳的影子倒映在湖面上。Theshadowofthisearlytragedyhasaffectedherwholelife.她年纪轻轻遭此劫，影响了她一生。v.尾随，跟踪Hekeptlookingbehind,afraidofbeingshadowed.他不停的回头看，害怕被跟踪。Hewalkedintheshadowhopingnoonecouldrecognizehim.对比：sitintheshadeofatree.树荫Ridiculousadj.荒谬的，可笑的Itisridiculousthatsheshouldacceptastranger 'sinvitation.他竟然接受了一个陌生人的邀请真是荒唐。v./n.嘲笑，奚落与"laughat”和”makefunof”意思相近。Hebecameanobjectofridicule.Theyallridiculemysuggestion.controversialAdj.有争议的，引起争论的Hebecameacontroversialfigureintheworldofpolitics.他成为世界政坛上的一位有争议的人物。n.controversy['k?ntr?,v?:si]争论；论战；辩论Theuseofnuclearpoweristhesubjectofwidespreadcontroversy.使用核武力是一个会引起广泛争议的问题。scoresof很多Ihaveheardthatscoresoftimes.Scoresofpeopleattendedthespecialperformance.score=20Ascoreofpeoplewerepresentattheparty.有20个人参加了聚会Twoscoreofthosepeoplewantedtoflythere.那些人中有40人想乘飞机attempt v.尝试，企图v.①企图，试图；努力试图，尝试：努力去执行，做或完成attemptdoing反复尝试做attempttodo企图做attempttodo/doing=trytodo/doingThesecondquestionwassodifficult;Ididnevenat'temtptit.第二道题太难了，我连试都没试。Iattemptedtospeakbutwastoldtobequiet.我想开口说几句，但有人叫我别做声。Iattemptedtoreadtheentirenovelinonesitting.Weattemptedthedifficultmaneuverwithoutassistance.n.CD企图或努力⑫袭击；攻击anattemptonsomeone'slife.对某人生命的攻击Shellyhadpreparedcarefullyforherbiologyexaminationsothatshecouldbesureofpassingitonherfirst .A)intention B)attempt C)purpose D)desiremakeanattempttodosthatdoingsthShemadeanattempttocookthedinner.她试着做这顿饭。Theprisonermadeanattempttoescape/atescapingbutfailed.atone'sattempt在sb尝试下one'sfirstattempt 初次尝试练习：他试图行走直到摔倒。He 他参加过考试，可是失败了。He butfailed.我企图说话，可是有人要我安静点。I butwastoldtobequiet.attemptedwalkinguntilhefellover.attemptedtheexaminationattemptedtospeak18.Ontheotherhand另一方面，相当于一个副词。常与ononehand连用。Ononehand,,ontheotherhand一方面,,另一方面Thisjobisnotwellpaid,butontheotherhand,Idon 'thavetoworklonghours.Ononehand,Ineedacomputer,butontheotherhand,Idon 'thaveenoughmoney.Athand在手边，在附近Byhand用手的，手工的Gohandinhandwith与,,共同行动19.Predictv.预言，预测后面加名词做宾语或接that从句/wh-从句。Nobodycanpredictwhatwillhappeninthefuture.Itisstillnotpossibletoaccuratelypredicttheoccurrenceofearthquakes.现在还不可能准确预测地震的发生。n.Prediction预言，预测Herpredictionturnedouttobecorrect.她的预言证明是正确的。20.Specific明确的，详尽的，具体的，特有的Canyoubeabitmorespecificwhenyoutalkaboutyourplan?当你谈及你的计划时，你能说的再具体点吗？Eachorganinourbodyhasitsspecificfunction.我们体内的每个器官都有自己独特的作用。Thiskindofdiseaseisspecifictohouses.这种病只有马才会得。21.figure外形;体形;人影Isawafigureinthedarkness.体态;风姿Shehasaslenderfigure.人物;名人Hehasbecomeafigureknowntoeveryone.数字Wheredidyougetthosefigures?Hisworknowcommandshugefigures.22.delicateHeisadelicatechild.纤弱的,娇弱的，瘦弱的Becarefulwiththosewinecups—theyareverydelicate.容易的InsuchadelicatesituationIhavetoweighmywords.需要小心处理的;微妙的;棘手的在这样微妙的情形下,我必须权衡一下我的话。Whatadelicateworkofart!精妙的delicatechina.精美的瓷器23.1)aggressiveadj.敢作敢为的;有闯劲的;侵略性的;好斗的Heisveryaggressive.他生性好斗。WeregardedtheIraqWarasanaggressiveone.我们认为伊拉克战争是侵略战争。anaggressivesalesman一干劲很大的售货员aggressiveweapons攻击性武器aggressivelyadv.气势汹汹地aggressionn.侵略(行动)aggressorn.侵略者练习：Ifyouwanttobecomeasuccessfulbusinessman,youmust .如果你想做一个成功的商人，你必须积极进取。 mustbedestroyed.必须要销毁攻击性的武器。beaggressiveAggressivearms24.Intheflesh活生生，本人，亲自Fleshn.肌肉；肉HaveyoueverseenJayChouintheflesh?你见过周杰伦本人吗？Hewouldn'tbelieveuntilhesawintheflesh他直到亲眼目睹才相信。Fleshandblood肉体，血肉之躯Thoughheisahero,heisstillfleshandblood.Loseflesh减肥Gain/putonflesh增肥Flesh-eating食肉的preference-prefer更加的喜爱,偏爱[U][C][(+for)]Awindowseatismypreference.我喜欢靠窗的座位。Wedresssimplybypreference.首先,最好偏爱的事物(或人)[C]Whichisyourpreference,teaorcoffee?你喜欢喝哪一样,茶还是咖啡?偏袒[U][(+for)]Parentsshouldnotshowpreferenceforanyoneoftheirchildren.父母不应流露出对任何一个孩子的偏心。优先(权);优惠权[U][C]inpreferenceto优先于Haveapreferencefor偏爱Ihaveapreferenceforclassicmusic.我更喜欢古典音乐。Wehadapreferenceforsweetfood.我们特别喜欢吃甜食.inpreferenceto,优先于I'dchoosethesmallcarinpreferencetothelargerone.我宁可选择那辆小的汽车而不要那辆大的。Shechosetolearntheviolininpreferencetothepiano.她愿学小提琴而不学钢琴.Appealvi.1)呼吁,恳求appealtosbforsth.Heappealedtomeforhelp.2)诉诸,求助[(+to)]Wewillappealtoavarietyofsourcesofinformation.有吸引力,迎合爱好[W][(+to)]TheideaappealedtoMary.【律】上诉[(+to/against)]Heappealedagainstthefive-yearsentencehehadbeengiven.fragile adj.精细的；易碎的；脆弱的；Ashebrokeupwithhisgirlfriend,hisheartwasfragile.由于他同女朋友分手了，他的心很脆弱。Reputationn.名誉名声[(+for)]Thestorehasanexcellentreputationforfairdealing.该店买卖公平,声誉极佳。Hehasareputationforcheatingintheexam.他以考试作弊而享有盛名。haveareputation享有盛名好名声，声望;信誉Thisrestauranthasafinereputation.这家餐厅信誉很好。Cheatingatthegameruinedthatplayer‘sreputation.比赛时作弊败坏了那位选手的声望。liveuptoone'sreputation不负盛名loseone'sreputation 失去盛名；winahighreputation 赢得很高的声誉Youmustliveuptoyourpromise.你必须实践自己的诺言。Theyarealwaysexhortedtodeliverresultsandtoliveuptotheirparents'highexpectations他们无时无刻被提醒要考取好成绩，实现父母对他们的高度期望。、Themuseumdisplaysmorethanjustthevisualdelightsofart.博物馆展示的不仅仅是视觉上的乐趣。morethan+名词意为“不仅仅”,morethanjust相当于notonly,notjust的意思。如：Jasonismoreth