2013年考研英语真题及解析

2022年硕士研究生入学测试英语一试题(完整版)SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Peopleare,onthewhole,pooratconsideringbackgroundinformationwhenmakingindividualdecisions.Atfirstglancethismightseemlikeastrengththat1theabilitytomakejudgmentswhichareunbiasedby2factors.ButDr.UriSimonsohnspeculatedthataninabilitytoconsiderthebig3wasleadingdecision-makerstobebiasedbythedailysamplesofinformationtheywereworkingwith.4,hetheorisedthatajudge5ofappearingtoosoft6crimemightbemorelikelytosendsomeonetoprison7hehadalreadysentencedfiveorsixotherdefendantsonlytoprobationonthatday.To8thisidea,heturnedtotheuniversity-admissionsprocess.Intheory,the9ofanapplicantshouldnotdependonthefewothers10randomlyforinterviewduringthesameday,butDrSimonsohnsuspectedthetruthwas11.Hestudiedtheresultsof9,323MBAinterviews,12by31admissionsofficers.Theinterviewershad13applicantsonascaleofonetofive.Thisscale14numerousfactorsintoconsideration.Thescoreswere15usedinconjunctionwithanapplicant'sscoreontheGraduateManagementAdmissionTest,orGMAT,astandardisedexamwhichis16outof800points,tomakeadecisiononwhethertoaccepthimorher.DrSimonsohnfoundifthescoreofthepreviouscandidateinadailyseriesofintervieweeswas0.75pointsormorehigherthanthatoftheone17that,thenthescoreforthenextapplicantwould18byanaverageof0.075points.Thismightsoundsmall,butto19theeffectsofsuchadecreaseacandidatewouldneed30moreGMATpointsthanwouldotherwisehavebeen20.[A]grant[B]submits[C]transmits[D]delivers[A]minor[B]objective[C]crucial[D]external[A]issue[B]vision[C]picture[D]moment[A]Forexample[B]Onaverage[C]Inprinciple[D]Aboveall[A]fond[B]fearful[C]capable[D]thoughtless[A]in[B]on[C]to[D]for[A]if[B]until[C]though[D]unless[A]promote[B]emphasize[C]share[D]test[A]decision[B]quality[C]status[D]success[A]chosen[B]stupid[C]found[D]identified[A]exceptional[B]defensible[C]replaceable[D]otherwise[A]inspired[B]expressed[C]conducted[D]secured[A]assigned[B]rated[C]matched[D]arranged[A]put[B]got[C]gave[D]took[A]instead[B]then[C]ever[D]rather[A]selected[B]passed[C]marked[D]introduced[A]before[B]after[C]above[D]below[A]jump[B]float[C]drop[D]fluctuate[A]achieve[B]undo[C]maintain[D]disregard[A]promising[B]possible[C]necessary[D]helpfulSectionnReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Inthe2022filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldherunattractiveassistantforimaginingthathighfashiondoesn'taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeetheassistant'ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmestandtothebargainbininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.Thistop-downconceptionofthefashionbusinesscouldn'tbemoreoutofdateoratoddswithfeverishworlddescribedinOverdressed,ElizabethCline'three-yearindictmentof“fasfashion"In.thelastdecadesorso,advancesintechnologyhaveallowedmass-marketlabelssuchasZara,H&M,andUniqlotoreacttotrendsmorequicklyandanticipatedemandmoreprecisely.Quckierturnroundsmeanlesswastedinventory,morefrequentreleases,andmoreprofit.Thoselabelsencouragestyle-consciousconsumerstoseeclothesasdisposalmeanttolastonlyawashortwo,althoughtheydon'tadveitbsretheattheirwardrobeeveryfewweeks.Byofferingon-trenditemsatdirt-cheapprices,Clineargues,thesebrandshavehijackedfashioncycles,shakingallindustrylongaccustomedtoaseasonalpace.Thevictimsofthisrevolution,ofcourse,arenotlimitedtodesigners.ForH&Mtooffera5.95knitminiskirtinallits2300-plusstoresaroundtheworld,itmustrelyonlow-wage,overseaslabor,orderinvolumesthatstrainnaturalresources,andusemassiveamountofharmfulchemicals.Overdressedisthefashionworld'answertoconsumeractivistbestsellerslikeMichaelPollan'TheOmnivore'Dsilemma.Mass-producedclothing,likefastfood,fillsahungerandneed,yetisnon-durable,andwasteful,Clineargues,Americans,shefinds,buyroughly20billiongarmentsayearabout64itemsperpersonandnomatterhowmuchtheygiveaway,thisexcessleadstowaste.TowardstheendofOverdressed,Clineintroducedherideal,aBrooklynwomannamedSKB,who,since2022hasmakeallofherownclothesandbeautifully.ButasClineisthefirsttonote,ittookBeaumontdecadestoperfecthercraft;herexample,can'tbeknockedoff.Thoughseveralfast-fashioncompanieshavemadeeffortstocurbtheirimpactonlaborandtheenvironmentincludingH&M,withitsgreenConsciousCollectionLineClinebelieveslasting-changecanonlybeeffectedbythecustomer.Sheexhibitstheidealismcommontomanyadvocatesofsustainability,beitinfoodorinenergy.Vanityisaconstant;peoplewillonlystartshoppingmoresustainablywhentheycanit.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher[A]poorbargainingskill.[B]insensitivitytofashion.[C]obsessionwithhighfashion.[D]lackofimagination.AccordingtoCline,mass-maketlabelsurgeconsumerstocombatunnecessarywaste.shutoutthefeverishfashionworld.resisttheinfluenceofadvertisements.shopfortheirgarmentsmorefrequently.Thewordaindictment〞(Line3,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto[A]accusation.[B]enthusiasm.[C]indifference.[D]tolerance.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthelaseparagraphVanityhasmoreoftenbeenfoundinidealists.Thefast-fashionindustryignoressustainability.Peoplearemoreinterestedinunaffordablegarments.Pricingisvitaltoenvironment-friendlypurchasing.WhatisthesubjectofthetextSatireonanextravagantlifestyle.Challengetoahigh-fashionmyth.Criticismofthefast-fashionindustry.Exposureofamass-marketsecret.Text2Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioural“adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:ShouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehaviouraladsOrshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermissionInDecember2022America'sFederalTradeCornmission(FTC)proposedaddinga"donottrack"(DNT)optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladwertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigltalAdwertisingAlliance(DAA)agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespongingtoDNTrequests.OnMay31stMicrosoftSetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GetingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehaviouraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft'sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Atterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhugesellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavourablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,bloggde:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."CoulditreallybethatsimpleItissuggestedinparagraph1thatabehavioural“adshelpadvertisersto:easecompetitionamongthemselveslowertheiroperationalcostsavoidcomplaintsfromconsumers[D]providebetteronlineservices“Theindustry〞(Line6,Para.3)refersto:[A]onlineadvertisers[B]e-commerceconductors[C]digitalinformationanalysis[D]internetbrowserdevelopersBobLiodiceholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault[A]manycutthenumberofjunkads[B]failstoaffecttheadindustry[C]willnotbenefitconsumers[D]goesagainsthumannaturewhichofthefollowingistureaccordingtoParagraph.6DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurposeAdvertisersarewillingtoimplementDNTDNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumersAdvertisersareobligedtoofferbehaviouraladsTheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof:[A]indulgence[B]understanding[C]appreciaction[D]skepticismText3Upuntilafewdecadesago,ourvisionsofthefuturewerelargely-thoughbynomeansuniformly-glowinglypositive.Scienceandtechnologywouldcurealltheillsofhumanity,leadingtolivesoffulfillmentandopportunityforall.Nowutopiahasgrownunfashionable,aswehavegainedadeeperappreciationoftherangeofthreatsfacingus,fromasteroidstriketoepidemicfluandtoclimatechange.Youmightevenbetemptedtoassumethathumanityhaslittlefuturetolookforwardto.Butsuchgloominessismisplaced.Thefossilrecordshowsthatmanyspecieshaveenduredformillionsofyears-sowhyshouldn'tweTakeabroaderlookatourspecies'placeintheuniverse,anditbecomesclearthatwehaveanexcellentchanceofsurvivingfortens,ifnothundreds,ofthousandsofyears.LookupHomosapiensinthe"RedList"ofthreatenedspeciesoftheInternationalUnionfortheConversationofNature(IUCN),andyouwillread:"ListedasLeastConcernasthespeciesisverywidelydistributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,andtherearenomajorthreatsresultinginanoverallpopulationdecline."SowhatdoesourdeepfutureholdAgrowingnumberofresearchersandorganisationsarenowthinkingseriouslyaboutthatquestion.Forexample,theLongNowFoundationhasitsflagshipprojectamedicalclockthatisdesignedtostillbemarkingtimethousandsofyearshence.Perhapswillfully,itmaybeeasiertothinkaboutsuchlengthytimescalesthanaboutthemoreimmediatefuture.Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitieswecanenvisage.That'sonereasonwhywehavelaunchedArc,anewpublicationdedicatedtothenearfuture.Buttakealongerviewandthereisasurprisingamountthatwecansaywithconsiderableassurance.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.Thislongperspectivemakesthepessimisticviewofourprospectsseemmorelikelytobeapassingfad.Tobesure,thefutureisnotallrosy.Butwearenowknowledgeableenoughtoreducemanyoftherisksthatthreatenedtheexistenceofearlierhumans,andtoimprovethelotofthosetocome.OurvisionofthefutureusedtobeinspiredbyourdesireforlivesoffulfillmentourfaithinscienceandtechnologyourawarenessofpotentialrisksourbeliefinequalopportunityTheIUCN's"RedList"suggestthathumanbeingare[A]asustainedspecies[B]athreatentotheenvironment[C]theworld'sdominantpower[D]amisplacedraceWhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoParagraph5Archelpslimitthescopeoffuturologicalstudies.Technologyofferssolutionstosocialproblem.Theinterestinsciencefictionisontherise.OurImmediatefutureishardtoconceive.Toensurethefutureofmankind,itiscrucialtoexploreourplanetundabtresourcesadoptanoptimisticviewoftheworlddrawonourexperiencefromthepastcurbourambitiontoreshapehistoryWhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextUncertaintyaboutOurFutureEvolutionoftheHumanSpeciesTheEver-brightProspectsofMankindScience,TechnologyandHumanityText4Onafivetothreevote,theSupremeCourtknockedoutmuchofArizona'simmigration-awrMdestaypolicyvictoryfortheObamaAdministration.ButonthemoreimportantmatteroftheConstitution,thedecisionwasan8-0defeatfortheAdministration'sefforttoupsetthebalanceofpowerbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestates.InArizonav.UnitedStates,themajorityoverturnedthreeofthefourcontestedprovisionsofArizona'scontroversialplantohavestateandlocalpoliceenforcefederalimmigrationlaw.TheConstitutionalprinciplesthatWashingtonalonehasthepowerto“establishauniformRuleofNaturalization“andthatfederalawsarenoncontroversial.Arizonahadattemptedtofashionstatepoliciesthatranparalleltotheexistingfederalones.JusticeAnthonyKennedy,joinedbyChiefJusticeJohnRobertsandtheCourt'slthatasesta蛆flewtooclosetothefederalsun.Ontheoverturnedprovisionsthemajorityheldthecongresshaddeliberatelythefield“andArizonahadthusintrudedonthefederal'sprivilegedpowers.However,theJusticessaidthatArizonapolicewouldbeallowedtoverifythelegalstatusofpeoplewhocomeincontactwithlawenforcement.ThatbecauseCongresshasalwaysenvisionedjointfederal-stateimmigrationenforcementandexplicitlyencouragesstateofficerstoshareinformationandcooperatewithfederalcolleagues.TwoofthethreeobjectingJustice-SamuelAlitoandClarenceThomas-agreedwiththisConstitutionallogicbutdisagreedaboutwhichArizonarulesconflictedwiththefederalstatute.TheonlymajorobjectioncamefromJusticeAntoninScalia,whoofferedanevenmorerobustdefenseofstateprivilegesgoingbacktothealienandSeditionActs.The8-0objectiontoPresidentObamaturnsonwhatJusticeSamuelAlitodescribesinhisobjectionas"ashockingassertionassertionoffederalexecutivepower〞.TheWhiteHousearguedthatArizona'slawscowithitsenforcementpriorities,evenifstatelawscompliedwithfederalstatutestotheletter.Ineffect,theWhiteHouseclaimedthatitcouldinvalidateanyotherwiselegitimatestatelawthatitdisagreeswith.Somepowersdobelongexclusivelytothefederalgovernment,andcontrolofcitizenshipandthebordersisamongthem.ButifCongresswantedtopreventstatesfromusingtheirownresourcestocheckimmigrationstatus,itcould.Itneverdidso.Theadministrationwasinessenceassertingthatbecauseitdidn'wanttocarryoutCongress'insmigrationwishes,nostateshouldbeallowedtodosoeither.EveryJusticerightlyrejectedthisremarkableclaim.ThreeprovisionsofArizona'splanwereoverturnedbecausetheydeprivedthefederalpoliceofConstitutionalpowers.disturbedthepowerbalancebetweendifferentstates.oversteppedtheauthorityoffederalimmigrationlaw.contradictedboththefederalandstatepolicies.OnwhichofthefollowingdidtheJusticesagree,accordingtoParagraph4Federalofficers'dutytowithholdimmigrants'information.States'independencefromfederalimmigrationlaw.States'legitimateroleinimmigrationenforcement.Congress'sinterventioninimmigrationenforcement.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thattheAlienandSeditionActs[A]violatedtheConstitution.[B]underminedthestates'esitser[C]supportedthefederalstatute.[D]stoodinfavorofthestates.TheWhiteHouseclaimsthatitspowerofenforcementoutweighsthatheldbythestates.isdependentonthestates'support.isestablishedbyfederalstatutes.rarelygoesagainststatelaws.WhatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraphImmigrationissuesareusuallydecidedbyCongress.JusticesintendedtocheckthepoweroftheAdministrstion.JusticeswantedtostrengthenitscoordinationwithCongress.TheAdministrationisdominantoverimmigrationissues.PartBDirections:Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.Asof2022,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfieldsintheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocialScienceReport2022,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenbyabout11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceinnotcontributingenoughtotoday'sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopmentandhealth.(41)Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolstoeradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoarificialfertilizers.Here,too,theproblemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.(42)Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunitytoraiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJosephSchumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocialsciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapersincludingthekeywords“environmentalchanged"or"climatechange“haveincreasedrapidlysince2022,(43)Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,theirscopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgiumforexample.AndwhetherthecommunityworkcOntributesmuchtoanoverallaccumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailablefunding(44)thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedintherightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpectmoreintoday'seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropeanUnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedatsocialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatsystembechanged:Horizon2022,anewprogramtobeenactedin2022,wouldnothavesuchacategory,Thishasresultedinprotestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,thecompleteopposite.(45)Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsandhelptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.Itcouldbethatweareevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdiscipline-orientedandpublishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishingelsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2022,about1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneoftheseKeywords.theideaistoforcesocialtointegratetheirworkwithothercategories,includinghealthanddemographicchangefoodsecurity,marineresearchandthebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatitconsiderstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceivemuchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.Theseissuesallhaverootcausesinhumanbehavior.allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,aswellastechnologicaldevelopment.Stemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuchaboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisaboutdevelopingcleanenergy.Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctanttotacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropaspecificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.Duringthelate1990s,nationalspendingonsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopmentfunds-includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate-variedfromaround4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.PartB:(10points)SectionIIITranslation46.Directions:TranslatethefollowingtextfromEnglishtoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.(10points)Itisspeculatedthatgardensarisefromabasicneedintheindividualswhomadethem:theneedforcreativeexpression.Thereisnodoubtthatgardensevidenceanimpossibleurgetocreate,express,fashion,andbeautifyandthatself-expressionisabasichumanurge;(46)Yetwhenonelooksatthephotographsofthegardencreatedbythehomeless,itstrikesonethat,foralltheirdiversityofstyles,thesegardensspeakosvariousotherfundamentalurges,beyondthatofdecorationandcreativeexpression.Oneoftheseurgeshadtodowithcreatingastateofpeaceinthemidstofturbulence,a"stillpointoturningworld,“toborrowaphrasefromT.S.Eliot.(47)Asacredplaceofpeace,howevercrudeitmaybe,isadistinctlyhumanneed,asopposedtoshelter,whichisadistinctlyanimalneed.Thisdistinctionissomuchsothatwherethelatterislacking,asitisfortheseunlikelygardens,thefoemerbecomesallthemoreurgent.Composureisastateofmindmadepossiblebythestructuringofone'srelationtoone'senvironment.(48)Thomelesswhichareineffecthomelessgardensintroducefromintoanurbanenvironmentwhereiteitherdidnexistorwasnotdiscernibleassuch.Insodoingtheygivecomposuretoasegmentoftheinarticulateenvironmentinwhichtheytaketheirstand.Anotherurgeorneedthatthesegardensappeartorespondto,ortoarisefromissointrinsicthatwearebarelyeverconsciousofitsabidingclaimsonus.Whenwearedeprivedofgreen,ofplants,oftrees,(49)mostofusgiveintoademoralizationofspiritwhichweusuallyblameonsomepsychologicalconditions,untilonedaywefindourselvesingardenandfeeltheexpressionvanishasifbymagic.InmostofthehomelessgardensofNewYorkCitytheactualcultivationofplantsisunfeasible,yetevensothecompositionsoftenseemtorepresentattemptstocallarrangementofmaterials,aninstitutionofcolors,smallpoolofwater,andafrequentpresenceofpetalsorleavesaswellasofstuffedanimals.Ondisplayherearevariousfantasyelementswhosereference,atsomebasiclevel,seemstobethenaturalworld.(50)Itisthisimplicitorexplicitreferencetonaturethatfullyjustifiestheuseofwordgardenthoughinaaliberatedsense,todescribethesesyntheticconstructions.Inthemwecanseebiophilia-ayearningforcontactwithnonhumanlife-assuminguncannyrepresentationalforms.SectionIIIWritingPartyA51Directions:Writeane-mailofabout100wordstoaforeignteacherinyourcollegeinvitinghim/hertobeajudgefortheupcomingEnglishspeechcontest.Youshouldincludethedetailsyouthinknecessary.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthee-mail.Use“LiMinginstead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)PartB:(20points)PartB52Directions:Writeanessayofabout160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshoulddescribethedrawingbriefly,interpretitsintendedmeaning,andgiveyourcomments.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(20points)2022年考研英语一真题答案解析.【答案】A【解析】第一句提到总体而言,当人们自己做决定时,并不擅长考虑背景信息.〞第二句顺接上文,乍一看这是一种优势",that引起定语从句,这种优势使人们具有一种水平,即能够做出不受外界因素影响的不带偏见的决定.B选项submit服从,提交“,不能与ability连用,C选项transmit传输,发射“,也不能与ability搭配,D选项deliver传递〞,同样不能与ability搭配.A,C,D无论从搭配上还是意思上都不适宜.A选项grant本身具有赋予,授予的意思.故答案选Ao.【答案】D【解析】external外部因素和上文的backgroundinformation同义复现,不考虑背景信息,不受外界因素影响.A选项minor次要白B,B选项objective客观的,C选项crucial残酷的,D选项external外部的,故答案选D..【答案】C【解析】第三题本句but引起句意转折.但是XX推测不考虑大局会导致决策者被日常接触的信息影响而带有偏见.〞首先注意到空前面有定冠词the,指代上文信息,即不考虑背景信息、不考虑大环境.而大局,大环境的表达,此处选择picture是最贴切的.A选项issue问题,B选项vision想象力,美景都不适宜,故答案选Co.【答案】A【解析】通读后面的句子,提到了法官与被告,这明显是生活当中的一个具体的实例,故答案选A.而B选项onaverage平均,通常〞,出现的话,周围往往应该要出现数字.C选项inprinciple大体上,原那么上“,后面需要出现的是总结性的话语,D选项aboveall首先〞是用来列举条目,将A,B,D排除..【答案】B【解析】从句意上来看例如,他们提出理论,认为法官不敢在罪行面前表现得太软弱,如果当天已经宣判五六名被告执行缓刑,那么他很有可能将下一个人送入监狱.A选项fondof喜欢,B选项fearof惧怕,C选项capableof有水平,D选项thoughtlessof考虑不周,故答案选B..【答案】B【解析】根据句内的逻辑关系,在对待犯罪行为方面害怕表现出太软弱,在...方面,关于...的表达应该用介词on,故答案为Bo.【答案】A【解析】Aif表条件.B选项until表时间,往往跟not连用,直接排除.C选项though表让步,D选项unless相当于if...not.通读空格所在的前后句子,得出这两句之间的逻辑关系是表示条件的..【答案】D【解析】首先注意到idea前面有定冠词this,很明显指代上文提出的观点.而且跟上文以法官为例一样,下文池们把注意力转向大学录取过程〞也是上文观点的例证,目的是对上文的观点进行检验,而不是A选项促进〞,B选项强调〞或C选项分享",故答案选D..【答案】D【解析】A选项decision决定〞,B选项quality质量,品质〞,C选项status地位〞,D选项success成功〞.申请者的不应该取决于同一天随机选到的其他几名申请者.接着下文讲到面试官面试MBA［微博］申请者的结果results,因此第9题应该也有结果的意思,与下文结合是到达正面的结果,因此答案是即申请者的成功其它选项带入原文重叠答案,与原义不符合.【答案】A【解析】空格后面有一个副词为randomly,随机地,既然是随机,那么选项B选项studied研究过的〞,C选项found找到的"Di^项identified经鉴定的〞就与randomly是相矛盾的,全部排除..【答案】D【解析】此题解题关键在于but,通过suspect可以看出Dr.Simonsohn与前文意思相反,因此otherwise正好符合题意..【答案】C【解析】此外明显缺一个过去分词作interviews的定语,再看by后面的officers,只有conducted〔执行〕,符合语境,故为正确答案..【答案】B【解析】此题末尾onetofive〔从一到五〕,前面又有一个onascale〔的范围〕,A分配,D排列语义上说不通,再综合后面的factor〔因素〕,比照一下,只有B〔划分等级〕,整合起来,即划分成一到五个等级,合情合理Cmatch看似与to搭配,但也不符合文意,故正确答案为B..【答案】D【解析】此题需联系整句话,take…intoconsideration〔考虑,涉及〕,从形式上来说没有问题,再从意义上来看,说这个等级考虑了几种因素…〞,是对上文评级的进一步解释,也没有问题..【答案】B【解析】还是承接上文讲到的评级得分,后半句讲到的是〔平时学校等级〕测试得分,再结合中间conjunction一词〔联接〕,可以推断为then〔具有承接之意〕,因此为正确答案,而A和D为同一意义和用法〔代替〕,与conjunction相冲突,C说不通,故也为错误选项..【答案】C【解析】此题出在一个非限定性定语从句上,先行词为astandardizedexam,后半句是800分,测试和分数之间首选marked,选项B通过具有一定的干扰性,但注意主语是测试,所以正确选项为C.A为无关选项..【答案】A【解析】本句属于比拟级,比照的是几个面试者的分数,C、D是空间上的上下,而这里缺的时间上的先后,故排除C和D,B是之后〞,不符合语言先后逻辑,故正确答案为Ao.【答案】C【解析】解此题需往下看,to…theeffectsofsuchadecrease,由此可以判断接下来那个应聘者的分数是出现了下降,故直击正确选项Co.【答案】B【解析】该句为不定式作主语,’面试考官可能给〕更低的分数〞所带来的影响,可以推断,是消除或是抵消这种不利结果,应聘者需要在GMAT［微博］中多拿30分,A到达“,C保持“D漠视〞明显不符,故A“消除〞为正确答案..【答案】C【解析】该题难度较大,需把句意弄懂,也就是这30分是比…所多的〞建议把四个选项分别代入空格处,A有前途的,B可能的,C必须的,D有帮助的,比照之后,只有C最合逻辑,也就是说这30分是比原本该考试所必须要求的多出来的,即另外多拿本不需要的30分才能平衡前面的更低的分数〞,故C为正确选项.SectionIIReadingComprehensionPartAText1.【答案】B〔insensitivitytofashion〕【解析】事实细节题.根据题干,首先定位到首段.由文章第一句后半句“♦•・scoldsheru