2018广东高考英语试卷及答案全国I卷

2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一测试英语考前须知：.答卷前,考生务必将自己的和号填写在做题卡上..答复选择题时,选出每题答案后,用铅笔把做题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其它答案标号.答复非选择题时,将答案写在做题卡上.写在本试卷上无效..测试结束后,将本试卷和做题卡一并交回.第一局部听力〔略〕第二局部阅读理解〔共两节,总分值40分〕第一节〔共15小题：每题2分,总分值30分〕阅读以下短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最正确选项.AWashington,D.CBicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworldfamouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability-andthecherryblossoms-disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours〔4miles〕JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CDuration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路线)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.CWashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?Meetfamouspeople.Gotoanationalpark.Visitwell-knownmuseums.Enjoyinterestingstories.

Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps.B.Cameras.C.Meals.D.Safetylights.BGoodMorningBritain'sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorning,butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole-showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFood,shevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwaste,whilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe'sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe'slearntintopracticeinherownhome,preparingmealsforsons,Sam,14,Finn,13,andJack,11.“WeoveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant,"sheexplains."Ipay55foraportion〔份〕,butMattmakesthemfor26paportion,becausetheyareflour,water,sugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfood,butsometimeswe'renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.〞Theeight-partseries〔系歹U节目〕,Savemoney:GoodFood,followsinthefootstepsofITV'sSaveMoney:GoodHealth,whichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.Withfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpense,SusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight'sEasterspecialtheycometotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily'slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes..W.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReid?A.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning..HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaHebuyscookingmaterialsforher.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.Heassistsherincookingmatters.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.26.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4?A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?KeepingFitbyEatingSmartC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefB.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.BalancingOurDailyDietD.CookingWellforLessCLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenbymanypeople,whilehotwetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersismere6,000,whichthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.TheydevelopedveryfastB.TheywerelargeinnumberC.TheyhadsimilarpatternsD.TheywerecloselyconnectedWhichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2?A.ComplexB.AdvancedC.Powerful.D.ModernHowmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6,800B,About3,400C.About2,400D.About1,200Whatisthemainideaofthetext?Newlanguageswillbecreated.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.DWemaythinkwe'reaculturethatgetsridofourworntechnologyatthefirstsightofsomethingshinyandnew,butanewstudyshowsthatwekeepusingourolddevices〔装置〕wellaftertheygooutofstyle.That'sbadnewsfortheenvironment-andourwallets-astheseoutdateddevicesconsumemuchmoreenergythantheneweronesthatdothesamethings.Tofigureouthowmuchpowerthesedevicesareusing,CallieBabbittandhercolleaguesattheRochesterInstituteofTechnologyinNewYorktrackedtheenvironmentalcostsforeachproductthroughoutitslife-fromwhenitsmineralsareminedtowhenwestopusingthedevice.Thismethodprovidedareadoutforhowhomeenergyusehasevolvedsincetheearly1990s.Devicesweregroupedbygeneration.Desktopcomputers,basicmobilephones,andbox-setTVsdefined1992.Digitalcamerasarrivedonthescenein1997.AndWP3players,smartphones,andLCDTVsenteredhomesin2022,beforetabletsande-readersshowedupin2022.Asweaccumulatedmoredevices,however,wedidn'tthrowoutouroldones."Theliving-roomtelevisionisreplacedandgetsplantedinthekids'room,andsodde^eonTVdiayeveryroomofthehouse,“saidoneresearcher.Theaveragenumberofelectronicdevicesrosefromfourperhouseholdin1992to13in2022.We'renotjustkeepingtheseolddevices-Wecontinuetousethem.AccordingtotheanalysisofBabbitt'steam,olddesktopmonitorsandboxTVswithcathoderaytubesaretheworstdeviceswiththeirenergyconsumptionandcontributiontogreenhousegasemissions〔排放〕morethandoublingduringthe1992to2022window.Sowhat'sthesolution〔解决方案〕?Theteam'sdataonlywentupto2022,buttheresearchersalsoexploredwhatwouldhappenifconsumersreplacedoldproductswithnewelectronicsthatservemorethanonefunction,suchasatabletforwordprocessingandTVviewing.Theyfoundthatmoreon-demandentertainmentviewingontabletsinsteadofTVsanddesktopcomputerscouldcutenergyconsumptionby44%.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofnewdevices?A.Theyareenvironment-friendly.B.Theyarenobetterthantheold.C.Theycostmoretouseathome.D.Theygooutofstylequickly.WhydidBabbitt'steamconducttheresearch?Toreducethecostofminerals.Totestthelifecycleofaproduct.Toupdateconsumersonnewtechnology.Tofindoutelectricityconsumptionofthedevices.Whichofthefollowingusestheleastenergy?A.Thebox-setTV.B.Thetablet.C.TheLCDTV.D.Thedesktopcomputer.Whatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledoaboutoldelectronicdevices?StopusingthemB.TakethemapartC.Upgradethem.D.Recyclethem.第二节〔共5小题：每题2分,总分值10分〕根据短文容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项.选项中有两项为多余选项.

Colorisfundamentalinhomedesign-somethingyoullalwayshaveineveryroom.Agraspofhowtomanagecolorinyourspacesinoneofthefirststepstocreatingroomsyou'lllovetolivein.Doyouwantaroomthat'sfulloflife?Professional?Orareyoujustlookingforaplacetorelaxafteralongday?36,coloristhekeytomakingllalwayshaveineveryroom.AgraspofOvertheyears,therehavebeenanumberofdifferenttechniquestohelpdesignersapproachthisimportantpoint.37,theycangetalittlecomplex.Butgoodnewsisthatthere'erre<onlythreekindsofdecisionsyouneedtomakeaboutcolorinyourhome:thesmallones,themediumones,andthelargeones.38,They'rethelittlespotsofcolorlikethrowpillows,mirrorsandbasketsthatmostofususetoaddvisualinteresttoourrooms.Lesstiringthanpaintingyourwallsandlessexpensivethanbuyingacolorfulsofa,smallcolorchoicesbringwiththemthesignificantbenefitofbeingeasilychangeable.Mediumcolorchoicesaregenerallyfurniturepiecessuchassofas,dinnertablesorbookshelves.39.Theyrequireabiggercommitmentthansmallerones,andtheyhaveamorepowerfuleffectonthefeelingofaspace.Thelargecolordecisionsinyourroomsconcernthewalls,ceilings,andfloors.Whetheryou'relookingatwallpaperorpaint,thetime,effortandrelativeexpenseputintoitaresignificant.40.A.WhileallofthemareusefulWhateveryou'relookingforIfyou'reexperimentingwithacolorSmallcolorchoicesaretheoneswe'remostfamiliarwithit'snotreallyagoodideatousetoomanysmallcolorpiecesSoitpaystobesure,becauseyouwanttogetitrightthefirsttimeColorchoicesinthisrangeareastepupfromthesmallonesintwomajorways第三局部语言知识运用〔共两节,总分值45分〕第一节〔共20小题；每题1.5分,总分值30分〕阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项.Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,!wastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga"free"course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecreditstheideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn'twantteafewdollars?Morethanthat,I'dalwayswantedtolearnchess.And,evenifIweren43enoughaboutfreecredits,newsaboutour44wasappealingenoughtome.Hewasaninternationalgrandmaster,which45Iwouldbelearningfromoneofthegame46'sicouldhardlywaitto47him.MauriceAshleywaskindandsmart,aformergraduatereturningtoteach,andthis48wasnogameforhim;hemeantbusiness.Inhisintroduction,hemadeit49thatourcreditswouldbehard-earned.Inorderto50theclassamongothercriteria,wehadtowriteapaperonhowweplanto51whatwewouldlearninclasstoourfutureprofessionsand52.toourlives.ImanagedtogetanAinthat53andleanedlifelessonsthathaveservedmewellbeyondthe54.TenyearsaftermychessclasswithAshley,I'mstillputtingtousewhathe55me:“theabsolutemostimportant56thatyoulearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegood57.Oneverysinglemoveyouhaveto58asituation,processwhatyouropponent〔对手〕isdoingand59thebestmovefromamongallyouroptions."Thesewordsstillringtruet60ayimsnyajournalist..A.putforward.AwasteB.jumpedatB.earnC.triedoutD.turneddownC.saveD.pay43.A.excitedB.worriedC.movedD.tired44.A.titleB.competitorC.textbookD.instructor45.A.urgedB.demandedC.heldD.meant46.A.fastestB.easiestC.bestD.rarest47.A.interviewB.meetC.challengeD.beat48.A.chanceB.qualificationC.honorD.job49.A.realB.perfectC.clearD.possible50.A.attendB.passC.skipD.observe51.A.addB.exposeC.applyD.compare52.A.eventuallyB.naturallyC.directlyD.normally53.A.gameB.presentationC.courseD.experiment54.A.criterionB.classroomC.departmentD.situation55.A.taughtB.wroteC.questionedD.promised56.A.factB.stepC.mannerD.skill57.A.gradesB.decisionsC.impressionsD.comments58.A.analyzeB.describeC.rebuildD.control59.A.announceB.signalC.blockD.evaluate60.A.roleB.desireC.concernD.behavior第二节(共10小题；每题1.5分,总分值15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号单词的正确形式.Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears__61_(long)thannon-runners,Youdon'thavetorunfastorforlong62(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof_63(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan'nbakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit64(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife65walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin202266showedamerefiveto10minuteadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall67(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...it'sprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto68一(strength)yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhillsandgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyandit'salways_69(energy).Ifyouaretimepoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthetimetogetthesamebenefitsasothersports,soperhapsweshouldallgive70_atry.第四局部写作(共两节,总分值35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题；每题1分,总分值10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文.文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处.每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改.增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号〔A〕,并在其下面写出该加的词.删除：把多余的词用斜线〔〕划掉.修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词.注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处,多者〔从第11处起〕不计分.Duringmylastwinterholiday,Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere,theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs,ducks,andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain,theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,butheagreed.第二节书面表达〔总分值25分〕假定你是华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发向你询问有关习俗.请你回复,容包括：.到达时间.适宜的礼物.餐桌礼仪注意：.词数100左右；.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯.2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一测试英语试卷及答案第一局部听力〔略〕第二局部阅读理解〔共