数学常用词汇中英文对照

数学常用词汇中英文对照数学常用词汇中英文对照数学常用词汇中英文对照资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月数学常用词汇中英文对照版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算：add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等价方程linearequation线性方程4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数primenumber质数reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1、单位类cent美分penny一美分硬币nickel5美分硬币dime一角硬币dozen打（12个）score廿(20个)Centigrade摄氏Fahrenheit华氏quart夸脱gallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yard码meter米micron微米inch英寸foot英尺minute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasure平方单位制cubicmeter立方米pint品脱(干量或液量的单位)2.有关文字叙述题，主要是有关商业intercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)commonyear平年(365天)depreciation折旧downpayment直接付款discount打折margin利润profit利润interest利息simpleinterest单利compoundedinterest复利dividend红利decreaseto减少到decreaseby减少了increaseto增加到increaseby增加了denote表示listprice标价markup涨价percapita每人ratio比率retailprice零售价tie打平集合与简易逻辑集合（集）set非负整数集thesetofallnon-negativeintegers自然数集thesetofallnaturalnumbers正整数集thesetofallpositiveintegers整数集thesetofallintegers有理数集thesetofallrationalnumbers实数集thesetofallrealnumbers元素element属于belongto不属于notbelongto有限集finiteset无限集infiniteset空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集propersubset补集（余集）complementaryset全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集thesetofallevennumbers奇数集thesetofalloddnumbers含绝对值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logicconnective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truthtable原命题originalproposition逆命题converseproposition否命题negativeproposition逆否命题converse-negativeproposition充分条件sufficientcondition必要条件necessarycondition充要条件sufficientandnecessarycondition……的充要条件是………ifandonlyif…函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closedinterval开区间openinterval函数的图象graphoffunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage单调monotone增函数increasingfunction减函数decreasingfunction单调区间monotoneinterval反函数inversefunction指数exponentn次方根nthroot根式radical根指数radicalexponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponentialfunction对数logarithm常用对数commonlogarithm自然对数naturallogarithm对数函数logarithmicfunction数列数列sequenceofnumber项term通项公式theformulaofgeneralterm有穷数列finitesequenceofnumber无穷数列infinitesequenceofnumber递推公式recurrenceformula等差数列arithmeticprogression，arithmeticseries公差commondifference等差中项arithmeticmean等比数列geometricprogression，geometricseries公比commonratio等比中项geometricmean三角函数三角函数trigonometricfunction始边initialside终边terminalside正角positiveangle负角negativeangle零角zeroangle象限角quadrantangle弧度radian弧度制radianmeasure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式inductionformula正弦曲线sinecurve余弦曲线cosinecurve最大值maximum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函数periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration频率frequency相位phase初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent平面向量有向线段directedlinesegment数量scalarquantity向量vector零向量zerovector相等向量equalvector共线向量collinearvectors平行向量parallelvectors向量的数乘multiplicationofvectorbyscalar单位向量unitvector基底base基向量basevectors平移translation数量积innerproduct正弦定理sinetheorem余弦定理