数学中英文词汇对照表

-.z.集合set非负整数集thesetofallnon-negativeintegers自然数集thesetofallnaturalnumbers整数集thesetofallpositiveintegers有理数集thesetofallrationalnumbers实数集thesetofallrealnumbers元素element属于belongto不属于notbelongto有限集finiteset无限集infiniteset空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集propersubset补集〔余集〕plementaryset全集universe交集intersection偶数集thesetofallevennumbers奇数集thesetofalloddnumbers含绝对值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logicalconnective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truthtable原命题originalproposition逆命题converseproposition否命题negativeproposition逆否命题converse-negativeproposition充分条件sufficientcondition必要条件necessarycondition……的充要条件是………ifandonlyif…函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closedinterval开区间openinterval函数的图像graphoffunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage单调monotone增函数increasingfunction减函数decreasingfunction单调区间monotoneinterval反函数inversefunction指数e*ponentN次方根nthroot根式radical根指数radicale*ponent被开方数radicand指数函数e*ponentialfunction对数logarithm常用对数monlogarithm自然对数naturallogarithm对数函数logarithmicfunction数列sequenceofnumber项term通项公式theformulaofgeneralterm有穷数列finitesequenceofnumber无穷数列infinitesequenceofnumber递推公式recurrenceformula等差数列arithmeticprogression公差arithmeticseries等差中项mondifference等比中项arithmeticmean等比数列geometricprogression,geometricseries公比monratio等比中项geometricmean三角函数trigonometricfunction始边initialside终边terminalside正角positiveangle负角negativeangle零角zeroangel象限角quadrantangle弧度radian弧度制radianmeasure角度制degreemeasure正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant诱导公式inductionformula正弦曲线sinecurve余弦曲线cosinecurve最大值ma*imum最小值minimum周期period最小正周期minimalpositiveperiod周期函数periodicfunction振幅amplitudeofvibration频率frequency相位phase初相initialphase反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent有向线段directedlinesegment向量vector零向量zerovector单位向量unitvector平行向量parallelvectors相等向量equalvectors共线向量collinearvectors实数与向量的积multiplicationofvectorbyscalar基底base数量积translation正弦定理innerproduct余弦定理sinetheorem算术平均数arithmeticmean几何平均数methodofpare比拟法methodofpare综合法methodofsynthesis分析法methodofanalysis倾斜角gradient斜率pointslopeform点斜式gradientinterceptform截距generalform斜截式includedangle两点式two-pointform一般式generalform夹角includedangle线性规划linearprogramming约束条件constraintcondition目标函数objectivefunction可行域feasibleregion最优解optimalsolution曲线curve坐标法methodofcoordinate解析几何analyticgeometry笛卡儿Descartes标准方程standardequation一般方程generalequation参数方程parameterequation参数parameter圆锥曲线pointconic椭圆ellipse焦点focus,focalpoints焦距focallength长轴majora*is短轴minora*is离心率eccentricity双曲线hyperbola实轴reala*is虚轴imaginarya*is渐近线asymptote抛物线parabola准线directri*直线line平面plane几何体geometricsolid平面图形planefigure立体图形slidfigure相交直线intersectinglines平行直线parallellines异面直线skewlines垂线perpendicularline垂足footofaobliqueline垂线段perpendicularlinesegment公垂线monperpendicularline公垂线段monperpendicularsegment垂面perpendicularplane射影projection斜线obliqueline斜足footofaobliqueline斜线段obliquelinesegment半平面semi-plane二面角dihedralangle平面角planeangle直二面角rightdihedralangle棱柱prism底面base顶点verte*面face棱edge侧面lateralface侧棱lateraledge斜棱柱obliqueprism直棱柱rightprism正棱柱regularprism平行六面体parallelepiped长方体rectangularprism正方体cube棱锥pyramid正棱锥regularpyramid多面体polyhedron凸多面体conve*polyhedron正多面体regularpolyhedron简单多面体simplepolyhedron球solidsphere,spheroid球心centerofasolidsphere球面sphere分类计数原理classifiedenumerationprinciple分步计数原理fractionalenumerationprinciple排列arrangement,permutation排列数numberofarrangements全排列totalarrangement阶乘factorial组合bination组合数numberofbination二项式定理binomialtheorem二项式系数binomialcoefficient二项式展开式binomiale*pansion必然事件certainevent不可能事件impossibleevent随机事件randomevent试验trial频率frequency等可能事件equiprobabilityevent根本领件elementaryevent概率probability互斥事件e*clusiveevents对立事件plementaryevents相互独立事件mutuallyindependentevents独立重复试验independentrepeatedtrials概率probability统计statistics随机变量randomvariable离散型随机变量discreterandomvariable概率分布probabilitydistribution分布列distributionseries数学期望mathematicale*pectation方差variance标准差standarddeviation抽样方法samplingmethod简单随机抽样simplerandomsampling系统抽样systematicsampling总体分布populationsampling估计estimation正态分布normaldistribution标准正态分布standardnormaldistribution线性回归linearregression相关correlation回归分析regressionanalysis散点图scatterdiagram回归直线regressionstraightline线性回归分析linerregressionanalysis相关系数correlationcoefficient假设检验hypothesistesting归纳法induction数学归纳法mathematicalinduction完全归纳法pleteinduction不完全归纳法inpleteinduction极限limit无穷大infinitelygreat无穷等比数列infinitegeometricsequence左极限leftlimit右极限rightlimit连续〔的〕continuous连续函数continuousfunction导数derivative可导的differentiable变化率rateofchange导函数derivedfunction复合函数positefunction极大值ma*imumvalue极小值minimumvalue极值e*tremevalue虚数单位imaginaryunit复数ple*number复数集setofple*numbers虚数imaginarynumber纯虚数purelyimaginarynumber复数的代数形式algebraicformofple*number实部realpart虚部imaginarypart复平面ple*plane实轴reala*is虚轴imaginarya*is模modulus辐角argument复数的三角形式trigonometricformofple*number棣莫弗公式DeMoivre’sFormula分式fraction通分changingfractionstoamondenominator约分reductionofafraction分式方程fractionalequation反比例函数inverseproportionalfunction双曲线hyperbola定理theorem平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle菱形rhombus正方形square梯形trapezi