人版英语八年级（上册）Unit1-2知识点整理

.PAGE.Unit1-2广西XX市博白县宁潭镇第二初级中学--刘欣琪1.1howoften"多久一次;多长时间一次"<询问频率>2表示"次数"：once〔一次,twice〔两次,三次或三次以上用"基数词+times"来表示。比如threetimes〔三次；fourtimes〔四次;threeorfourtimes三次或四次3>表示频率:onceaweek一周一次;twiceamonth一个月两次;threetimesaday一天三次;fourtimesayear一年四次等。此外,还有频度副词：always总是、usually通常、often经常、sometimes=attimes有时、hardly〔ever=almostnot几乎不、never从不。--Steve,______doyouplaybasketballafterschool?〔2012XX中考--Twiceaweek.Itcankeepmehealthy.〔解析：由由答语"twiceaweek"可知,是询问频率,故用howoftenA.howfarB.howsoonC.howlongD.√howoften2.gotothemovies看电影=gotothecinema=gotoseeafilm.=watchamovie=seeafilm4.onvacation度假goonvacation去度假〔强调动作beonvacation在度假〔强调状态e.g.①Hewentonavacationtwodaysago.Heisonvacationnow.②Iwasonvacationlastmonth上个月我正在度假。③Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪度假啦？5.--Wheredidyougoonvacation?你去哪儿度假了？--Iwenttothemountains.我去了山区。这是一个由特殊疑问词Where引导的特殊疑问句。由"特殊疑问词＋助动词＋主语＋动词<原形>+其它?"构成。由于是询问已发生的动作<过去的事情>,所以助动词用过去式did,句中有了助动词,其后的实意动词用动词原形。6.复合不定代词:复合不定代词是由some-,any-,no-,every-加上one-,body,thing,where等所组成的不定代词。every-bodysome-oneany-thingno-whereeverybody每个人everyone每个人everything一切事物everywhere到处,处处somebody某人someone某人something某物somewhere某个地方anybody任何人anyone任何人anything任何事物anywhere任何地方nobody没人noone没人nothing没有什么nowhere无处,没有一个地方<注意：以上的复合不定代词除了noone分开写成两个单词外,其余都是一个单词>复合不定代词考点必记：㈠含body和one的复合不定代词只用来指人㈡含thing的复合不定代词只用来指事物㈢含where的复合不定代词只用来指地点㈣含any的复合不定代词一般用于否定句和疑问句；含some的复合不定代词一般用于肯定句。Didyoudoanythingspeciallastweekend?<疑问句>Idon’tlikeanythingshegivesme.<否定句>Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.<肯定句>复合不定代词做主语时,谓语动词用单数.Everyonelikeshim.Listen!Someoneissingingintheclassroom.形容词修饰不定代词要后置,即：不定代词+形容词e.g.Iamverythirsty,Iwanttodrinksomethingcold.㈦考察逻辑能力、理解能力：Nobody/Noonewentswimmingbecauseitwasrainingreallyhard.<因果关--系因为雨下得很大,所以没人去游泳>Nobody/Noonewentswimmingbecauseofthebadweather.〔因果关系2Iboughtnothingbecausethethingsinthestorewasveryexpensive.〔因果关系Thethingsinthisstorewereveryexpensive,butIboughtsomethingformyself.〔转折关系Iboughtsomethingformyparentsbecausethethingsinthestorewasreallycheap.〔因果关系Thethingsinthisstorewereverycheap,soIboughtsomethingformyself.〔因果关系--HowisHelen?--SheisOK,thereisnothingtoworryabout.7."到达"：arrivein+大地点e.g.arriveinBeijing.arriveat+小地点e.g.arriveatasmallvillage.arrive+副词〔here,there,home…e.g.Hearriveshere/there/homeat8:00.getto+地名e.g.Igettoschoolat8:00.get+副词〔here,there,home…Hegetshere/there/homeat8:00.reach+地名或副词〔注意：reach是及物动词,后面直接接名词或副词,不跟介词连用e.g.TheyreachedBeijingyesterday.8."许多；很多"：many+可数名词much+不可数名词9."相当多"：quiteafew+可数名词quitealittle+不可数名词Wetookquiteafewphotosthere.Therearequitealittlewaterinthebottle."一些"：alittle+不可数名词afew+可数名词10."玩得开心,过得愉快"enjoyoneself=havefun=haveagoodtime=haveagreattimePeterenjoyedhimselfathisbirthdaypartylastnight.11."享受做某事；做某事很愉快"：havefundoingsth=haveagoodtimedoingsth=haveagreattimedoingsth=enjoyoneselfdoingsth12.decidev.决定n.decisiondecide=makeadecision决定,作出决定decidetodosth.决定做某事decidenottodosth决定不做某事=makeadecisiontodosthIdecidetostudyhard.Idecidenottogetuplate.13.trytodosth尽力做某事；试图做某事trynottodosth尽力不做某事trydoingsth尝试做某事try／doone’sbesttodosth〔尽某人最大的力量做某事14.--Howwasyoursummervacation?--Wonderful!Ihadagoodtimewithmyfriends.15."因为"：because+句子〔含谓语becauseof+名词/代词/V-ing/名词性的短语〔不含谓语Westayedathomebecauseofthebadweather.〔"thebadweather"属于名词性短语.不含谓语Westayedathomebecausetheweatherisbad〔"theweatherisbad"是一个句子,含谓语"is"Theydidn’tgotoBeijing＿therain.〔答案：becauseofTheydidn’tgotoBeijing＿itrained.〔答案：becauseIdidn’treallyenjoygoingout＿＿thecrowedsteets〔becauseofIdidn’treallyenjoygoingout＿＿thesteetswerereallycrowed.〔because16.反身代词是oneself〔即某人自己,根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化其形式有：myself我自己himself他自己herself她自己yourself你自己itself它自己ourselves我们自己yourselves你们自己themselves他们自己单数+self复数+selves反身代词考点：byoneself=onone’sown某人自己；某人亲自enjoyoneself=haveagoodtime=havefun玩得开心,过得愉快〔三考察理解能力：It’sveryeasy,Imadethecakeallbymyself.Didyouenjoyyourselfatthepartylastnight?Don’tworry,Icanlookaftermyself.17.辨析：howoften、howlong、howfarhowoften：多久一次,多长时间一次〔提问频率howlong多长；多长时间〔提问物体的长度或时间段howfar多远〔提问路程或距离Howsoon多久；多久之后〔对将来的一段时间之内或之后提问18.onweekends=ontheweekend在周末19.help<sb>withsth.=help<sb>todosomething帮助<某人>做某事；在某方面帮助某人e.g.HeoftenhelpmewithmyEnglish.他经常帮助我学习英语。20.although=though尽管；即使<让步关系>〔考点注意：不管是表达因果关系、转折关系还是让步关系,同一对关联词中的词只能出现其中之一,即有了because就不能再有so,有了so就不能再有because;有了although就不能有but,有了but就不能再有although。e.g.Thelittlegirlcouldlookafterherselfalthoughshewasonlyfiveyearsold.Althoughhambergersarejunkfood,manychildrenlikethem.Thoughweareverytired,＿weareveryhappy21.Studyforthetest复习迎考Istudiedforthemathtestlastweekend.22.--wheredidyougolastweekend?--Iwenttothezoo.--whatdidyoudolastweekend?--Iwenttothezoo.23.crowed拥挤的e.g.Idon’tliketogotothestores,theyaretoocrowed.24.Hard1>形容词"困难的、硬的"。2>副词"努力地；猛力地"e.g.studyhard.努力学习hardly<ever>"几乎不,几乎没有",为否定意义的频率副词,相当于almostnot,故句中不能再出现no,not,never等表否定意义的词。一般位于实义动词前,be动词、助动词或情态动词之后。Canyouspeakalittlelouder?Icanhardlyhearyou.Shehardlyeatsanything.Hehardlyworks.他几乎不工作。①Itisrainingreallyhard〔猛力地.②HehardlyeverwatchesTV.1>ThoughTomhasstudiedChinese＿＿fortenmonths,hecanstill＿＿speakthelanguage.〔尽管汤姆努力学习汉语已经有十个月了,但他依旧几乎不会说这种语言。"studyhard"意为"努力学习"；hardly<ever>"几乎不"A.hardly;hardlyB.hardly;hardC.hard;hardD.√hard;hardly2>Lucyiskindofunhealthybecauseshe＿＿exercises.A.oftenB.everC.usuallyD.√hardlyever25.percent百分之……〔注意：当"基数词+percentof+名词"作主语,谓语动词与percentof后面的名词保持一致。Ithinktwentypercentofthestudentslikelisteningtomusic.〔students是可数名词复数,故谓语动词用likeTwentypercentofthewaterisnotclean.<water是不可数名词,因此谓语动词用单数>mostof…意为"……中的大多数",它作主语时,谓语动词取决于mostof后所修饰的名词。<用法与percentof一样。>e.g.Mostofthestudentsarequitehappy.26.longtimenosee好久不见27.--Didyou/he/she/they……？--Yes,I/he/she/theydid.<肯定回答>--No,I/he/she/theydidn’t.<否定回答>28.拍照takephotostakeaphoto29.whatabout=howabout+n/代〔宾格/v-ingWhatabouthim/her/them?whataboutplayingbasketball?30.visit=pay

a

visit

to…译为"拜访〔某人""参观〔某地"[第一个visit是动词,第二个visit是名词。]31.buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.意为"给某人买某物Myuncleboughtmeabike.=Myuncleboughtabikeforme.32.feellike感觉像；想要feellikedoingsth喜欢做某事;想要做某事Doyoufeellikeacupoftea?你想要来杯茶吗？IfeltlikeIwasabird.我感觉到自己就像一只小鸟。Ifeellikegoingforawalk.我想要散散步。Ifeellike____<talk>withyou.〔答案：talking33.wonder及物动词,意为"想知道",后常接疑问词〔who,what,why>引导的从句。e.g.Ihepast在过去35.walkaround四处走走；到处走走36.开始做某事startdoingsth=starttodosth=begintodosth37.takethetrain/bus搭火车/公共汽车38.waitfor等待；等候waitforsb等待某人39.over=morethan超过e.g.morethantwohours两个多小时40.toomany+可数名词"太多…"e.g.toomanypeopletoomuch+不可数名词"太多…"e.g.toomuchwatermuchtoo+形容词"太…"e.g.muchtoobig41.Itwasrainingreallyhard.

形容雨下得大用"hard〔猛力的"。此外,还可以用heavy修饰。如：aheavyrain一场大雨42.taste<系动词>+形容词〔表语"尝起来……"类似用法还有look,see,smell,sound,feel等表示感官的动词。e.g.Thefoodtastedreallygood/delicious.43."ing"修饰物,"令人……""ed"修饰人,"感到……"excitingexcitedinterestinginterestedboringbored44.㈠enough+名词"足够的……"e.g.enoughmoney足够的钱㈡形容词/副词+enough"足够……"e.g.big/longenough足够大/长45.exercisedoexercise=playsports做运动1>不可数名词"体育锻炼,运动"e.g.Swimmingisgoodexercise.游泳是一项好运动。Youshoulddomoreexercisetokeepyouhealthy.你应该做更多的运动以保持健康。2>可数名词,"练习"e.g.Sheisdoingtheexercisesnow.46.shop1>v.购物;买东西=goshopping.=dosomeshopping2>n.商店=storeIusuallyshopwithmyfamily.=Iusuallygoshoppingwithmyfamily.47.sure=certainy=ofcourse当然48.Hereis／are倒装句。here引导的倒装句be动词的形式与后面的主语保持一致,单数用is/was,复数用are/were.Hereareyourpens.这是你的钢笔。Hereismyruler.这是你的尺子。49.theresultof+n/代词/v-ing,意为"……的结果"。50.1>maybe副词,作状语,意为"或许,大概,可能",常位于句首。eg:Maybeitwillrainlater.可能晚些会下雨2>maybe属于"情态动词+be动词"结构,意为"可能是",位于句中。e.g.Itmayberainlater.晚些可能会下雨51.bydoingsth."通过做某事"〔by是介词,介词后面接动词ing形式52.thebestwaytodosth."做某事的最好方式"54.asksb〔宾格aboutsth."向某人询问某事"e.g.Weaskedthestudentsabouttheirfreetimeactivities.我们询问了学生们的业余活动。55.suchas比如；诸如。用于列举事物。forexample.例如。用于举例子,通常只举一个例子。e.g.Ilikefruit,suchasapples,banans,orangesandsoon.我喜欢水果,比如苹果、香蕉、橘子等等。Elephentsareverysmart.Forexample,Itcanplaywithaball.大象很聪明,比如说,它会玩皮球。56.lessthan少于morethan超过；多于57.atleast至少atmost最多58.wanttodosth=wouldliketodosth想要做某事wantsbtodosth.想让某人做某事59.makesbdosth使某人做某事；让某人做某事--IsLindayourfriend?--Yes,sheisafunnygirl.Sheoftenmakesuslaughwhenwearetogether.60.感叹句的结构：

how+adj+主+谓

<主语前是形容词；句中共包含一个名词或代词>

what+<a/an>+adj+n+主+谓〔主语前是名词；句中共包含两个名词或代词Howlovelythegirlis!<一个名词或代词用how>Whatalovelygirlsheis!<两个名词或代词What61.辨析：noone与nonenoone只能指人,且不能与of搭配,noone做主语时,只能是单数。none为不定代词,意为"什么也没有",既可指人,也可指物,可与of连用,做主语时谓语用单复数都可。e.g.Theywereallverytired,but______ofthemtookarest.〔答案：none62.learnbyoneself/teachoneself自学63.but可做介词,意为"除...之外"e.g.Theonlythingwasthattherewasnothingmuchtodointheeveningbutread.64.seem的用法：seemtodosth.似乎要/好像要做某事Itseemsthat/asif似乎/看起来...e.g.Theyseemtoknowtheprettygirl=Itseemsthattheyknowtheprettygirl.他们似乎认识那个漂亮的女孩。65.buildingn.建筑物v.build过去式：builte.g.Theworkerbuiltalotofbuildingstenyearsago.66.differencen.差别；不同点；不同之处differentadj.不同的differentlyadv.不同地e.g.Therearetwodifferencesbetweenus.67.Iwonderwhatlifewaslikehereinthepast.我想知道过去这里的生活是什么样子的。Wonder=wanttoknow<想知道>,后跟who,what,why,where等引导的宾语从句,还有表示"觉得奇怪,惊奇"wonder还可做名词,"奇观,壮观,奇才"It'sawonder...令人惊奇的是It'snowonder...不足为奇Iwonderwhowrotethisletter.我想知道这封信是谁写的。TheGreatWallofChinaisoneofthe____<奇迹oftheworld.〔答案：wonders68.forgettodosth忘记要去做某事〔事情未做forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事〔事情已做<反义词为remember,用法和forget一样>69.so...that...意为"如此……以至于……",可与"too...to<太……而不能……>""enoughto〔足够……"替换Theboyissoyoungthathecan’tgotoschool.这个男孩如此小以至于他还不能去学校。=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.这个男孩太小而不能去学校。=Theboyisnotoldenoughtogotoschool.这个男孩还不够大去学校。70.keep+形容词〔表语keepdoingsth.坚持做某事,不断地做某事keepsbdoingsth让某人一直做某事e.g.Youshouldkeepthewindowopenbecausetheroomistoohot.71.begood／badfor对……有益／害begoodat〔doingsth擅长做某事begoodwith善于应付……的,和……相处和睦的72.asfor至于e.g.Manypeoplelikeactionmovies,butasforme,Idon’tlikethematall.73.bedifferentfrom…"和……不同"thesameas…"和……一样"74.keepingoodhealth=keephealthy保持健康75.onweekends=ontheweekend在周末1>weekends周末〔即：SaturdayandSunday2>weekdays<即：fromMondaytoFriday.>76.spendtimewithsb.和某人一起度过时光spend+〔时间、金钱onsth<花费时间或金钱在某物上>spend+〔时间、金钱<in>doingsth<花费时间或金钱做某事>Shespends