整理初高中衔接课程

初高中英语衔接校本课程一、认识初、高中英语的区别即将开始的高中学习生活，特别是英语的学习是与初中阶段有着很大不同的：.课本编排上的区别：初中的每一个单元是分为4课的，每篇中有的是对话，有的是阅读文，也配有一些练习，而高中的每个单元并不分课，而是基本上按模块module)划分。教材把话题、结构、功能和任务型活动有机地结合在一起，既符合中国学生英语学习的规律和特点，又体现了新的教育教学理念。教材系统性强，各单元采用板块的设计形式，有利于教师灵活整合教材内容。高中的阅读文分为阅读前和阅读后的讨论、思考问题并加入了有关的语言知识的学习及练习，在阅读教学的安排上。读后活动的练习层次清楚，体现对课文理解考察的三个维度：弄清事实 (Factual)—分析信息(Analytical)—判断和推理(Inferential)。可以说是极大地丰富了教学内容。除此之外还会有稍短的阅读与听力及写作等方面的练习，写作训练既重视结果，更重视过程，提供铺垫性活动以加强对过程性写作的监督。通过听、读活动从语言和写作技巧方面进行相关输入，为学生的最终成长奠定基础。.在词汇上的区别：我们初中的教材已是新版本了，每个单元的单词可能大家觉得已经不少了，但高中教材中的词汇更是成倍地增加了，增加了大约2000词。这也是新编教材的一个特点，加入了许多当前常用的，新出现的流行的词汇，也是与我们学的新编初中课本相承接的，所以，为了能尽快适应高中词汇的学习，我们应该及早着手把初中阶段的词汇再熟悉一遍。另外，对于高中英语词汇的学习，大家还要知道其要求是远远高于初中的，在学习单词时，我们既要了解它在文中的意思，还要掌握它在练习中，阅读、考试中可能出现的所有意思，用法及搭配等。一词多义，一词多性，依纲不据本。.在所学语法上的区别：在初中阶段我们把基础的语法内容已经学习过了，但是语法学习没有得到足够的重视，不少同学对语法知之甚少，甚至一窍不通。而在高中我们要学习的是更深更高层次的语法。如定语从句，非谓语动词、名词性从句，倒装结构、虚拟语气等等，其中的部分内容我们并不陌生，但是初中我们所接触的还只是皮毛，高中阶段的学习会比之前的所学内容复杂得多，要求上也要高得多，除了看懂更要求会应用。语法知识是英语学习的重要内容，是日常及高考的考试范围，所以我们要充分利用暑假把之前的漏洞弥补好，在后面的学习中，你们也会重温这些知识并将之与高中内容进一步融合，为大家步入高中学习打好基础。.在课堂要求上的区别：大部分的初中对学生的要求还是比较严格的，而这种严格与小学又是不同的，所以有一部分自觉性差的学生就被分化出来，在稍微宽松的环境中，对自己要求降低导致了滑坡的出现，而升入高中后又会有新的变化，对于自律要求就更加明显了。如果你是按照老师要求做的学生，那么在高中除了把基本要求做好之外，自己一定不可放松，适当增加课外阅读及一些课外习题是有必要的；如果你是不太自觉的学生，那么你要努力改掉自己的毛病，除了完成要求交给老师的作业，那些如读、背等要求也要认真完成才能使自己的高中英语学习逐步走上轨道。不管你属于哪一种，都要持之以恒，千万不可因为任何原因而放松对自己的要求，即便是你已取得了一定成绩，也没有理由沾沾自喜。.在考试试卷结构上的区别：这一区别可能是影响最大的一点，我们许多同学初中英语一直较差的原因在很大程度上是由于初中试卷所涉及的内容较少而且试题结构完全不同于高中，很多人认为英语不用下功夫学，反正最后背背答案就可过关，这样成绩不错，学得也很轻松。一旦抱有这种想法，初中这个重要的打基础的阶段就被荒废过去了，这对我们升入高中后的英语学习是极为不利的，这就好比是建造没有基础的空中楼阁，肯定会感到很难，很吃力。进入高中之后我们的考试是没有比较明确的特定范围，不能靠背答案过关，而且所学所考的内容应该都是向高考看齐的，难度肯定不小，但同学们也不要害怕，只要努力学习，坚持不懈，认真积累，完成好每天的功课，做好充分迎接失败的心理准备，然后在每次经历中吸取经验，一点点地弥补自己的不足，肯定会取得很好的成绩。练习 句子改错：每小题有一个错误（多词、缺词或错词），多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉；缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），在右边横线上写出该加的词；在错的词下划一横线，在右边横线上写出改正后的词1.IttookJacktwohoursclimbthemountain.ThetomatoesIpickedaremuchmoreredderthanyours.Theyhaveneverhadthechancetobethereago.Evenheisold,mygrandpaworksonthefarm.Youareterribleill.You’dbetterstayinbed.Thenearestvillageisaboutonehundredmilesfaraway.Idon’tlikegoingoutlonelyafterdark.I’mfedupwaitingforherletter.Birdsflewbackbecausethefineenvironment.Thestudentsenteredintotheclassroomonebyone.高考试题（2011新课标）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（八），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。Mysummertravelstartedterribly.IwasattheShanghaiRailwayStationbuyatickettoHangZhou.IwasgoingtovisitafriendhereandafterthatIwouldgotoXiamenforlongholiday.IboughtmyticketbutturnedaroundtopickupmybagFormthefloorandthenIrealizedthatsomeonehadstolenit.LuckilyIhadallmymoneyonmypocket,buttheonlyclothesIhadwasthoseIhadon.Itfeltverystrangetotravelwithoutanyluggages.WhenIfinallyarrivedatmyfriendhelenttomelotsofclothes.IfeelveryhappythatIcouldchangemyclothesatlast.二、基础知识回顾考眼力指出下列单词的词性shapewoolenactivityincreasesuccessfullybecausegratefulbookbesideinstructionembarrassedimpressdisappointingincorrectlyaimunlessfromif词性讲解★名词单数变复数的方法.基本变化:boy—,pen-,class-,fox-,brush-,watch-,stomach-,baby-,safe-,roof-,belief一,thief一,life一,knife一,leaf一,,wife_,,shelf-,self一,half一,wolf-,hero_,tomato_,potato—,piano_,photo_,zoo_,radio_,video_。.不规则变化:man_,woman_,policeman_,Englishman_,German_,foot_,tooth_,goose_,child_,mouse_,sheep_,deer ,fish_,Chinese_,Japanese_3.awriter/some0「亡33（女作家），afriend/somefriends女朋友，plan（销售计划），car（跑车）。★名词所有格aman’svoice=thevoiceaman;（beginners）class初级班；Thisisroom.这是汤姆和迈克共住的房间。It’slessthantwodrivefromhere.开车到那里不到2个钟头。WehadagreateveningatPaul’s.我们在度过了一个愉快的夜晚。Sheboughtabottleofvitamintabletsatthechemist’s她在买了一瓶维生素片。You,llfindtheanswersattheback.在书后你可找到答案。a,an,this,that,some,several,no,each,every…+名词+of+名词性物主代词/名词-,s。Thistoolisuseful.他的这个工具很有用。Twofriendsofmycametoseeme.我父亲的两个朋友来看我。★代词用法•人称代词主格做主语宾格做动词、介词的宾语意义我你他她它我们你们他们★物主代词形容词性名词性意义我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的★反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数 / / 复数反身代词主要用作宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）和同位语。如：Allofthemenjoyed.所有的人都玩得很好。Helptosomefish.请自己动手吃点鱼吧。Youdon,tseemyourselftoday.你今天。★不定代词some和anyImustgetfruitinthemarket.Doyouhavebooksforchildren?Wouldyoulikebananas?Youcanreadofthebooks.你可以看这些书中的任何一本。all/both/either/neither/noneCopperandsilveraremetals.铜和银都是金属。NotwomenlikethewordMs.并非所有的女性都喜欢Ms这个词。ofthetelephonesare/isworking.所有的电话都坏了。ofusenjoygettingupearly.我们俩谁也不喜欢早起。Therearetreesonside(=onbothsides).两边都有树。each和everyThestudentshaveadictionary.学生每人有一本字典。Hecomeshometwoweeks,他每隔两周回家一次。other,theother,others,theothersDon’tcutinwhenaretalking.别人说话时别插话。OnlyJimwasthere.hadleft.只有吉姆在那儿，其余的人都离开了。Therearewaystodothisexercise.做这个练习还可用别的方法。Itishardtotellthetwinbrothersonefrom.这对李生兄弟很难辨认。much和manyHisnameisfamiliartopeople.他的名字许多人熟悉。Thechildrenhavetoohomeworktodo.孩子们家庭作业太多。few和afew;little和alittleapplesremainedonthetree.树上没什么苹果了。applesremainedonthetree.树上还剩有几个苹果。Ihavesparetime.我很少有空余时间。Ihavesparetime.我有一点点空余时间。复合不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,someone,anyone,everyone,noone,something,anything,everything,nothing(1)复合代词后习惯上不接表示范围的of短语，但分开写的anyone,everyone等却可以接of短语。如：ofusagreestostay,我们每个人都同意留下。(2)修饰复合不定代词的形容词必须置于其后。如：判断对错：发生什么特别的事情了吗？Hasspecialanythinghappened?()Hasanythingspecialhappened?()★it的特殊用法Thereisaknockonthedoor.mustbethepostman.有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。togotherenow.现在去那儿已经太迟了。alldayyesterday.昨天下了一天的雨。It’stime/sth.该做某事了。/It’stimesbtodosth.某人该干某事了。Itistime.是我们努力学习英语的时间了。(1)It+be+adj.todosth/doingsth./that-clause/wh-clause.torememberthis.记住这一点很重要。It’sunknown.他什么时候来还不知道。It+be+adj.for(of)sbtodosth某人做某事 Itishardhimtomakeuphismind.Itwasfoolishhertosaysuchathing.Ittakes/tooksb+时间段+todosth.某人做某事花了时间Ityearstomasteranewlanguage.要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。(4)Itlook(seem,appear)that[asif]…彳以乎 Itseemedasif/asthoughhedidn’trecognizeme译：5.主语+动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)todothejobwell.我发现做好这件事不容易。complaining.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。★冠词用法■不定冠词.Giveme.给我一个苹果。AMr.Brownwishestoseeyou.一位叫布朗的先生想见你。.用于某些习惯用语中alotofanumberofalittleasaresultasarulehavearesthaveacoldhaveagoodtimeinahurryinawordmakealiving★定冠词.Themanageryouwanttoseewasherejustnow.(表特指)Thecomputerisagreatinvention.(表类别)Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.(表类别).用在某些习惯用语中atthesametimebythewaygotothecinemaintheendinthepastinthemorningontheotherhandinthedark冠词小练Myneighboraskedmetogoforwalk,butIdon'tthinkI'vegotenergy.A.a:不填B.the;the C.不填；the D.a;theIt’snotgoodideatodriveforfourhourswithoutbreak.A.a;aB.the;aC.the;theD.a;theIatesandwichwhileIwaswaitingfor20:08train.A.the,aB.the,theC.a,theD.a,aapplefellfromthetreeandhithimonhead.A.An;theB.The;theC.An;不填D.The;不填ThisareaexperiencedheaviestrainfallinmonthofMay.A不填；aBa;theCthe;theDthe;aWhatpitythatyoucouldn’tbetheretoreceiveprize!A.a；aB.the；a C.a；theD.the；theLet/sgotocinema-that,lltakeyourmindofftheproblemforwhile.A.the;theB.the;aC.a;theD.a;a★形容词和副词■比较等级.基本形式old—— high—一;big—— thin——busy—— heavy——;large—— free——important——difficult——.比较等级前常见修饰语归纳It’scoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.今天比昨天稍冷一点。She’smuch/agooddealbettertoday.译：Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.译：Itwasevencolderthanyesterday.译：Thisisbyfarthebest.译： HainanisChina/sisland.海南是中国第二大岛。★动词•动词的基本形式五种基本形式：动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。A.第三人称单数形式的构成write— ,guess— ,mix— __,finish— ,catch— ,study—_注：不规则变化的有have—_ ,be— ,go— ,do— 等。B.现在分词的构成study— ,work—,write—,move— ,get— ,begin—_ lie— ,die— C.过去式和过去分词的构成ask— ,work—,love—,dance— ,try— ,study—— ,stop— ,permit— 。♦注意不规则变化的动词，如：have— ,be—,go— ,do— ,give-- ,leave-- ★及物动词与不及物动词_____等。根据其后是否带宾语，动词可分为及物动词（带宾语）和不及物动词（不带宾语）。如：Whenwillhearrive?他什么时候到？（arrive不带宾语，为动词）HereachedBeijingyesterday.他昨天至U达北京。（reach带了宾语，为动词）有的动词既可用作及物动词也可用作不及物动词：Heiswriting.他在写字。（用法）Heiswritingaletter,他在写信。（用法）★延续性动词与非延续性动词根据动作是否延续，动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词：延续性动词就是指所表示的动作可以延续的动词，非延续性动词就是指所表示的动作不可以延续的动词。Itrainedforthreedays.（rain为动词）Shearrivedyesterdayevening,她是昨天晚上至U的。（arrive为动词）Motherboughtussomenewclothes.妈妈给我们买了一些新衣服。（buy为动词）Iwaitedforyouforhalfanhour.我等了你半个钟头。（wait为延续性动词）注：非延续性动词在肯定句中通常不与表示时间段连用的for短语连用。★谓语动词与非谓语动词根据其是否能用作谓语，动词可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。谓语动词在句中可用作谓语，而非谓语动词则不用作谓语(但可用作主语、宾语、补语、状语、定语等)。非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)三种：HelivesinShanghai.(live为动词)Iwanttogohome.(want为动词，togo为动词)HeenjoyedwatchingTV.(enjoy为动词，watching为动词)Hehadhishaircut,他理发了。(had为动词，cut为动词)★时态Heoften(come)late.Summer(follow)spring.春天之后是夏天。Here(come)thebus.=Thebusiscoming.车来了。IwillgiveittohimassoonasI(see)him.Hewillcomeifyou(invite)him.Theplane(take)offat11:30and(arrive)inShanghaiatl:20.He(be)herejustnow.Weoften(play)togetherwhenwewerechildren.我们小时候常在一起玩。Heopenedthedoor,(rush)outandthen(disappear).—Yourphonenumberagain?I(don/t/didn/t)quitecatchit.—It’s2566666.ameeting,他们在开会。ataneveningschool.我在上夜校。I’mleavingtomorrow.译 Myfatherisalwayslosinghiscarkeys.译(不满)She’salwayshelpingpeople.译(赞扬))Duringthesummerof1999shewastravellinginEurope.译Hesaidhewasleavingforhomeinadayortwo译Shewasalwaysthinkingofothers.译Atthistimetomorrow,I’llbetakingatest.译We’llbespendingthewinterinAustralia.我们将在澳大利亚过冬。=We/respendingthewinterinAustralia.I/ll(=I/)doabetterjobnexttime.下次我要干得好些。Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?译Lookatthedarkclouds;it’sgoingtorain.译Iknewyouwouldagree.译。Ithefilmalready.我已经看过那部电影了。Wethousandsoftreesinthepastfewyears.过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。Sofartherenobadnews.到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。IsawJuliainAprilandIhersince.我四月见到朱莉娅，从那之后就没见到她了。ItisthefirsttimethatI(visit)yourbeautifulcity.That’sthemostinterestingbookI.这是我看过的最有意思的书。Bythetimehewastwelve,Edison(begin)tomakealivingbyhimself.WhenJackarrivedhelearnedMary(beaway)foralmostanhour.★被动语态Rice(grow)insouthChina./Theglass(break)yesterday.Theproject(carry)out.这个计划正在执行中。Thisroad(build)thistimelastyear.Thecars(send)abroadbysea.这些汽车将由水路运往国外。Themanagersaidtheproject(complete)bytheendoftheyear.经理说这个工程在年底前将会完成。Thisnovel(translate)intoseverallanguages.这本小说已被译成了几种语言。WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketsalready(sell)out.Theenvironment(improve).环境应当改善。巩固练习：A.用动词的适当形式填空I(teach)heresinceIfinishedschool.ThestudentsofClassTwo(sweep)theirclassroomnow.TheReads(notlisten)totheradioatthattime.Howlongyou(live)inthistown?---Whenyou(see)him?---I(see)himlastSunday.Marysaidthatshe(visit)herauntthenextweek.WhenIgottothestation,thetrainalready(leave).10Thedeskmust(clean)onceaday.Thedog(lie)onthefloorwhenIcamein.Shesaidthatthecar(use)thenextweek.Hermother(cook)atthistimeyesterday.Thestudents(do)theirhomework.(notmake)anynoise!---youever(be)toBeijing?---Yes.I(go)therelastweek.He'lltelephoneusassoonashe(arrive)there.Jiefangtrucks(make)inChangchun.Theradio(use)onceinaweekinourclass.It(notuse)yesterdaybecausetherewassomethingwrongwithit.B单项填空Theywon’tbuyanynewclothesbecausetheymoneytobuyanewcar.A.saveB.weresavingC.havesavedD.aresavingMyparentshavepromisedtocometoseemebeforeIforAfrica.A.haveleftB.leaveC.leftD.willleaveThisisthefirsttimeweafilminthecinematogetherasafamily.A.seeB.hadseenC.sawD.haveseen—Whydon’twechoosethatroadtosavetime?—Thebridgetoit.A.hasrepairedB.isrepairedC.isbeingrepairedD.willberepaired—Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?—No,Ithebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.A.wasreadingB.hadread C.amreading D.havereadIfyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,youfreshwatermeloninthefall.A.eat B.wouldeat C.haveeaten D.willbeeating—Hecaughtintherainyesterdayandisnowinhospital.一I'msorrytohearthat.A.had B.is C.got D.hadbeenThepolicefoundthatthehouseandalotofthings.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolen D.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolenIneedonemorestampbeforemycollection.A.hadcompletedB.completesC.hascompletedD.iscompleted---Harry!Youonthephone.11---Oh,.Thankyou.Aarewanted;Icome B.arewanted;I’mcomingC.arebeingwanted;IcomeD.arebeingwanted;I’mcoming英语句子成分知识组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语。一、主语一一表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如：Lilylikeshernewbike.（名词） Hegetsupearlyeveryday.（代词）TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.（不定式短语）二、谓语一一说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。如：Weworkhard. Theboycaughtabird.Heismyfather. Theyall100kfine.谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：Iamreading.Youarereading.He\Sheisreading.Wearereading.三、宾语一一宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如：Tomboughtastory-book.（名词）Isawhimyesterday.（代词）Hewantedtohaveacupoftea.（不定式短语）直接宾语和间接宾语一一有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：Hegavemesomeink.他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语直接宾语Ourteachertoldus aninterestingstory.老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语直接宾语四、表语一一说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：Mysisterisanurse.（名词） Theywereathome.（介词短语）Shegotangry.（形容词） Hergrandfatherisovereightyyears01d.（数词）五、定语一一定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：12Thisisagreencup.（形容词）Arethesestudentsyourclassmates?（代词）Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.（介词短语）Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（不定式）Thepeoplehereareveryfriendly.（副词）注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。六、状语一一用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子等，一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如：WelikeEnglishverymuch. HerunclelivesinCanada.Shewaslyinginbedreading. WhenIgothomeIfoundthedoorlocked.Though/Althoughheisill,hestillgoestoschool.七、宾语补足语一一有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：WecallherXiaoLi.宾语宾语补足语Youmustkeeptheroomcleanandtidy.宾语宾语补足语JohnaskedmetohelphimwithhisChinese.宾语宾语补足语Iwillhavemyhaircuttomorrow.宾语宾语补足语Wesawtheboyplayingbasketballontheplaygroundjustnow.宾语 宾语补足语八.同位语：若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物，并且，句法功能也一样，那么，后一项称为前一项的同位语。如：ThisismyfriendHarry./Westudentsshouldstudyhard.九.独立成分：与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系，如插入语、感叹语、呼语等，一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如：Strangetosay,hedidpasshisexamafterall.说也奇怪，考试他竟然通过了。句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表， 宾语之后常有补。13

主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成分。WeallstudyhardatEnglish.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语Bettylikeshernewbikeverymuch.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语Mybrotherisapoliceman.A.主语B.谓语C.宾语D.表语Wereyouathomelastnight?A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语Winteristhecoldestseasonoftheyear.A定语B.状语C.宾补D.表语Heoftenwalksinthepark.A.定语 B.状语C.宾语 D.表语Maryaskedmetohelpheryesterday.A.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语Heboughtmeanicepresentlastweek.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补Hisparentsaredoctors.A.宾语B.表语 C.谓语D.定语I’llgetyousometeanow.A.宾语B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语D.宾补Mymothertoldusaninterestingstorylastnight.A.表语B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补Hehasreadthebooktwice.A.主语B.谓语 C.表语 D.宾语Theyseemedunhappywhentheyheardthenews.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语Doyouhavesomethingtoeat?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补Wemadehimourmonitor.A.宾语 B.定语 C.状语 D.宾补分析下列句子成分Ourschool_isnotfarfrommyhome. 2.Itjsagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou14

The01dmanlivesalonelylife.Mygrandfatherboughtmeapairofsportsshoes.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Hemadeitclearthathewouldleavethecity.Treesturngreenwhenspringcomes.Atlasthegothome,tiredandhungry.Luckilythe1989earthquakedidnothappeninthecenteroftown.ThecarsmadeinJapanarebetterthanthoseinGermany.Therearesomanypeopleinthehallthatit'shardformetofindhim.MrGreen,ourEnglishteacher,askedustosingthesonginEnglish.句子的种类 句子按其结构可分为下列三种类型：简单句（simplesentence），只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句，如：WelearnEnglish.我们学英语。（一个主语和一个谓语）BothXiaoZhangandXiaoWangarefromBeijing.（一个并歹U主语和一个谓语）Heoncelivedandworkedhere.（一个主语和一个并歹U谓语）Myfatherandmothergotoworkatseveninthemorningand（they）comebackhomeateightintheevening.（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语）简单句的5种基本句型：1.S+V;（主语+不及物动词）Everythingchanges.主语 谓语（不及物动词）IEverythingchanges.主语 谓语（不及物动词）主语谓语Theplanehasalreadyarrived.主语 谓语2.S+V+O;（主语++及物动词+宾语）Theyarereadingbooks.2.S+V+O;（主语++及物动词+宾语）Theyarereadingbooks.15主语.谓语宾语主语.谓语宾语IlikeEnglish.主语谓语宾语Heboughtacomputerlastweek.主语谓语宾语S+V+P;（主语+连系动词+表语）She100ksyoung.主语谓语表语MymotherisascientistShe100ksyoung.主语谓语表语主语谓语表语Thefoodtastesverydelicious.主语谓语 表语S+V+IO+DO;（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）Mymotherboughtmeadictionaryyesterday.主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Canyougivemethemathbook?谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Willyoutellussomethingaboutyourschoollife?谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语S+V+O+Oc;（主语+及物动词+宾语+补语）We mustkeepourclassroom cleanandtidy.主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语MymotherasksmetospeakEnglishasmuchaspossible.主语谓语宾语 宾语补足语Iheardhersinginghappilyintheroomjustnow.主语谓语宾语宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物又可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1.Theyarelistening. 2.Mymotherisfiftynow.163.Ihaveboughtthreebooks. 4.Myfriendgavemeabirthdaypresent.Ipaintedthewallwhite.Thebossoftenmakestheworkersworktwelvehoursaday.Theyarrivedatsixo’clock. 8.Themapisonthewall9.Childrenoftensingthissong. 10.MrWuteachesusEnglish.11.Sheshowedherfriendsallherpictures.12.Ifindhimalovelyboy.请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。Ourcountryconsumesalargenumberofplasticbags.Thesuper-thinbagsarethemainsourceofwhitepollution.Weshouldencouragepeopletoreturntocarryingclothbags.Thenewrulecameout.Environmentalgroupswelcomethenewrule.Theycanstopusingplasticbags.Whatisparticularlypositiveisthatitinvolvespublicparticipation.Shopsdon’tofferfreeplasticbagstotheirconsumers.HongKongandAustraliaareconsideringmeasurestocurbplasticbaglitterChineseconsumershavegottenusedtofreeplasticshoppingbags.用括号内所提示的基本句型将下列句子译成英语，需要的话可加上适当的修饰语或插入语。.你的故事听起来很有趣。（主语+系动词+表语）.我感到有一点累。（主语+系动词+表语）.我妹妹是在农村长大的。（主语+谓语）.这家医院创建于1950年。（主语+谓语）.他因为车子开得太快而违反了交通规则。（主语+谓语+宾语）.他拿出一瓶啤酒，很快将其喝光。（主语+谓语+宾语）.顺便问一下，她把钱付给你了吗？（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）.下学期谁教你们生物？（主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语）.他总是把他的卧室收拾得干干净净。（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）.什么促使你这样想的？（主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语）（make）.有时我们发现要改掉一个坏习惯很难。.医生已经踉你说得很清楚了，你的胃没有什么问题。（make）.战争使他成为一名战士。.我决不容许他欺骗我。（have）.我去修一下表。17并列句(compoundsentence )，由并列连词(and,but,or等)或分号(；)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。如：e.g.Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。heavy,butmanage(tocarryit).它很重，不过我可以拿得动。Doyouwantabathatonce,shallIhaveminefirst?你想马上洗澡还是我先洗？并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；(注意while,when和for等作并列连词的用法。)*并列|」关系and,notonly…but(also),neither.nor,等Ihelphimandhehelpsme.NotonlydidwewritetoherbutalsowetelegraphedherNeitherwouldIconsulthimnorwouldheaskmeforadvice.*转折关系but,yet,still,while,when等Hefailedmanytimes,buthedidn’tdespair.*选择关系or,otherwise,orelse,either..orWemusthurry,orwe’llmissthetrain.EitheryoucometomyplaceorIgotoyours.*因果关系for,so,thus,therefore,andsoWehadbetterstayathome,foritwasraining.Hedidn,tworkhard,thereforehefailedintheexamination.有时也可不用连词，而用逗号，分号或冒号Hurryup,it,sgettingdark.Let,sstartearly；wehavealongwaytogo.注意：(1)yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and,but,or等强，用yyet或still，前面还可加and或but。Heistired,(but)stillhewillmakeanotherexperiment.Igotupveryearly,(and)yetIfailedtocatchthefirstbus.(2)while意义本相当于atthesametime表示相反和对照：“而”常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。Ilikefootball,whilemysisterlikesbasketball.when=andthen,justthen或atthattime,duringthetime.Wewerereadytorushawaywhenthesnakemoved.Wehadn,tleftlongwhentheearthquakeoccurred.while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。(3)for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，andso比较口语化。【专项训练工18一、用适当的并列连词填空：Hecouldn’tknowthetruthaboutme,hewouldn’ttreatmelikethis.Thebellisringingthelessonisover.Althoughhewasill,hekeptonworking.Ican,tmakeupmymindwewillgotoShanghaiwewillstayinourcity.Hedoesn,ttalkmuch,hethinksalot.Itmusthaverainedlastnightthegroundisstillwet.ThepresidentwillvisitthetowninMayhewillopenthenewhospital.JanewasdressedingreenMarywasdressedinblue.hedidnotspeakdistinctlyIdidnothearitclearly.Heisclever,,heoftenmakesmistakes.Didwewritetoherwecalledherup.Hehasn,tanymoneyI,mgoingtolendhimsome.Thechildwassick;he,,didn,tgotoschool.Marywasneitherhappy,wasshesad.Putonmoreclothes,you'llcatchcold.二、选择最佳答案：Somearereadingmagazines,othersareplayingcards.A.or B.for C.so D.whileWemustgetupearlytomorrow.wellmissthefirstbustotheGreatWall.A.so B.or C.but D.however1don,tlikechickenfish. 1don,tlikechicken,Ilikefishverymuch.A.and,and B.and,but C.or,andD.or,butWewanthighspeedgoodquality.A.both,and B.either,or C.neither,nor D.not,butalsoInspringitishotcoldhere.A.both,and B.either,or C.neither,nor D.notonly,butdoeshewriteswell,healsospeakswell.A.Notonly,butB.Not,but C.Either,orD.Both,andUseyourhead,you,llworkitout.A.soB.orC.andD.forIwanttobuythejacket,Ihavenotenoughmoneywithme.A.butB.soC.orD.foryouIamgoingtohelpTom.19A.Either,orB.Not,butC.Notonly,andD.Each,andThesoldierwaswounded,hepushedon.A.for B.and C.soD.yetDoyouknowJimquarrelledwithhisclassmate? 1don’tknow,.A.nordon’tIcame B.nordoIcareC.Idon’tcareneitherD.Idon’tcarealsoHeisateacher7asingeraswell.A.butB.or C.nor D.andshouldamanhavecourage,heshouldhavewisdomandknowledge.A.Notonly,butB.Neither,norC.Either,orD.Both,andWehavestudiedEnglishforonlyoneyear wecanperformEnglishshortplaysalready.A.yet B.forC.andD.orShehadescaped,theringhadfallenoffandbeendamagedinthegreatheatofthefire.A.so B.or C.butD.andTheworkwasdifficult,,hefinisheditontime.A.butB.howeverC.otherwise D.thereforeTheskywascloudlessthesunwasshining.A.butB.andC.for D.somanytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.Havingbeentold B.ThoughhehadbeentoldC.Hewastold D.HavingtoldIwaswalkingalongthestreetIheardsomeonecallingmyname.A.when B.whileC.andD.forTobehealthy,youmusthaveamealtoobigtoosmall.A.either,or B.neither,norC.notonly,butalsoD.not,butBothJaneandEllen,Mary,arestudyingatthesamecollege.A.too B.and C.aswell D.aswellasHehasneverstudiedEnglishbefore,weshouldgivehimmorehelp.A.and B.orC.therefore D.butIseeyourpointofview;,Idon'tagreewithyou.A.or B.but C.soD.stillTheymuststayinthewatertheywilldie.A.butB.so C.otherwiseD.and20Weplayedoutsidetillsunsetitbegantorain.A.when B.while C.yetD.so三、改错：Althoughhehasgreatlearning,buthealwaysworksfarintothenight.Becausetheboyisverynaughty,soI’mangrywithhim.Notonlyhehimselfworkshardbutheoftenhelpsothers.Itmusthaverainedmuchoflate,becausetheriverissohigh.Theydidn’ttellmewhetherIshouldwritetohimnorwhetherIshouldseehimpersonally.Iftherewerenoplants,wewouldhavenoanimalsornomeat.NowofcourseIdon,twanttosayanythingbadaboutanyonehoweverhaveyounoticedhisstrangemanners?“I’mmorethankfultoyou,sirthanIcansay”Isaid,“andbutImustmakethingsclear.”Heneitherknowsnorcareswhathappened.Hedidnotlikeyoursuggestion,andbutheraisednoobjection(反对).复合句(complexsentence )，含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)、定语从句和状语从句等。如：e.g.TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.Iaskedtheyweregettingon.我问他们相处得怎样。You,llfeelbetterafteryoutakethepills吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。考眼力区分下列复合句1)Hewentouttoplayfootballafterhehadfinishedhishomework.Putitwhereyoufoundit.Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmyEnglish.4)Heissuretocomeunlesshehassomeurgentworktodoathome.5)YoushouldstudyEnglishashardasMarydoes.6)Theoldmanrunsveryfastasifhewereayoungman.Hefinishedhishomeworksowellthathisteacherpraisedhiminclass.Shetakesnotescarefullyinclasssothatshemayusethemwhenshereviewsherlessonsafterclass.Nomatterwhoasksherforhelp,sheisreadytohelp.Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.21Itdoesn'tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot.Canyoutellmewhichclassyouarein?Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.Hetoldushowhehadgottheinformation.Thereisnodoubtthatwewillwin.That'sbecausehedidn'tunderstandme.Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.Whatweneedismorepractice.Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.Whoeverbreaksthelawwillbepunished.★复合句•宾语从句用来充作宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。如：Heaskedyouweredoinglastnight.他问你昨天夜晚在干什么。Ididn’tknowhewaswoundedintheaccident.我原来不知道他在那事故中受了伤。Canyouexplainhedidn’tcometothepartylastSunday?你能解释上周星期日他为什么没有来参加聚会吗？在宾语从句中须注意：.that在口语中常被省略;并且它一般不能引导介词的宾语从句，但可引导except,but,in等少数介词的宾语从句。如：Ididn,tknow(that)hewasLiLei.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthathe,sanactor..宾语从句之后带有补足语成分时，一般须用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句放到句末，此时的that不能省。如：Theboyhasmadeclearthattheycan,tplaywithhistoys.那个男孩已清楚的表明他们不能玩弄他的玩具。.宾语从句的时态与主句的时态须呼应。即：1)当主句谓语动词的时态是现在时或将来时，从句的谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态表示。如：Healwayssaysthathe(be)ourgoodfriend.他总是说他是我们的好朋友。Whentheteacherknowswhatwehavedone,hewillsaythatwe(do)agooddeed.当老师知道我们所干的事情时，他会说我们做了一件好事。2)当主句谓语动词的时态为过去时，从句的谓语动词须用响应的过去时。如：22Hedidn’ttellushe(come)fromShanghai.他没有告诉我们他来自上海。Hesaidhe(read)thebook.他说他读过这本书。3)但当从句的内容是客观真理或客观事实，而不受时间的限制时，即使主句谓语动词为过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Whenwewerechildren,weweretoldthatChina(be)intheeastoftheworld.我们还是小孩子的时候，人们就告诉我们说中国在世界的东方。巩固练习：---Couldyoutellme?---Becauseshelikesherstudentsverymuch.whysomanystudentsliketheteacherwhydosomanystudentsliketheteacherwhydidsomanystudentsliketheteacherwhysomanystudentslikedtheteacherYou