托福作文写作范文详解ortrait

托福作文写作范文详解综合写作ReadingRembrandtisthemostfamousoftheseventeenth-centuryCutchpainters.However,therearedoubtswhethersomepaintingsattributedtoRembrandtwereactuallypaintedbyhim.OnesuchpaintingisknownasPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet.ThepaintingwasattributedtoRembrandtbecauseofitsstyle,andindeedtherepresentationofthewoman'sfaceisverymuchlikethatofportraitsknowntobebyRembrandt.ButthereareproblemswiththepaintingthatsuggestitcouldnotbeaworkbyRembrandtFirst,thereissomethinginconsistentaboutthewaythewomanintheportraitisdressed.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapofakindthatonlyservantswouldwear-yetthecoatsheiswearinghasaluxuriousfurcollarthatnoservantcouldafford.Rembrandt,whowasknownforhisattentiontothedetailsofhissubjects'clothing,wouldnothavebeenguiltyofsuchaninconsistency.Second,Rembrandtwasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow,butinthispaintingthereelementsdonotfittogether.Thefaceappearstobeilluminatedbylightreflectedontoisfrombelow.Butbelowthefaceisthedarkfurcollar,whichwouldabsorblightratherthanreflectit.Sothefaceshouldappearpartiallyinshadow--whichisnothowitappears.Rembrandtwouldneverhavemadesuchanerror.Finally,examinationofthebackofthepaintingrevealsthatiswaspaintedonapanelmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogether.AlthoughRembrandtoftenpaintedonwoodpanels,nopaintingknowntobebyRembrandtusesapanelgluedtogetherinthiswayfromseveralpiecesofwood.ForthesereasonsthepaintingwasremovedfortheofficialcatalogofRembrandtspaintingsinthe1930s.Listening:EverythingyoujustreadaboutPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetistrue.Andyet,afterathoroughreexaminationofthepainting,apanelofexpertshasrecentlyconcludedthatit'sindeedaworkbyRembrandt.Here'swhy.First,thefurcollar.X-raysanalysisofthepigmentinthepainthaveshownthatthefurcollarwasn7tpartoftheoriginalpainting.Thefurcollarwaspaintedoverthetopoftheoriginalpaintingabout100yearsafterthepaintingwasmade.Why?Someoneprobablywantedtoincreasethevalueofthepaintingbymakingitlooklikeaformalportraitofanaristocraticlady.Second,thesupposederrorwiththelightandshadow.Oncethepaintoftheaddedfurcollarwasremoved,theoriginalpaintingcouldbeseen.Intheoriginalpainting,thewomaniswearingasimplecollarofalightcoloredcloth.Thelightcoloredclothofthiscollarreflectslightthatilluminatespartofthewoman7sface.Thatswhythefaceisnotinpartialshadow.SointheoriginalpaintingthelightandshadowwasveryrealisticandjustwhatweexpectfromRembrandt.Finally,thewoodpanel.Itturnsoutthatwhenthefurcollarwasadded,thewoodpanelwasalsoenlargedwithextrawoodpiecesgluedtothesidesandtoptomakethepaintinggranderandmorevaluable.SotheoriginalpaintingwasactuallypaintedonasinglepieceofwoodaswouldbeexpectedfromRembrandt7spainting.Andinfact,researchershavefoundthatthepieceofwoodintheoriginalformofPortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnetisfromtheverysametreeasthewoodpanelusedforanotherpaintingbyRembrandt,hisselfportraitwithahat.Summarizethepointsmadeinthelecture.Beingsuretoexplainhowtheyansweredthespecificproblemspresentedinthereadingpassage.阅读听力要点概括ReadingPassageTheme:TherearedoubtsthatthepaintingwasdonebyRKeypoint1:Rwouldnotignoretheinconsistenceinthatthewomanworewhatshecouldnotafford.Keypoint2:Rwouldknowthatthelightandshadowdidnotfitwell.Keypoint3:Rwouldnotemploywoodpanelsthatweregluedtogether.LectureTheme:Waystocontrol,notclearKeywords1:Enoughknowledge,stop,emptyoutthefreshwater,refillwithoceanwater,saltwater,kill.Keywords2:Removed,originalpainting,simple,light-colored,lightandshadow,illuminated,realistic.Keywords3:Added,enlarged,extrawoodpieces,valuable,single,anotherpainting.范文逐段赏析Paragraph1Bothtextsdealwiththequestionofwhetherornotthepainting“PortraitofanElderlyWomaninaWhiteBonnet“waspaintedbythemostfamousDutchpainterRembrandt.Thetextclearlystates,thatmanyfactsprovethatitwasnotpaintedbyRembrandthimself,butjustattributedtohimbecauseofhisstyle.Inthelecture,however,theprofessorgivesproofwhyitisinfactaworkofthefamousDutchpainter.此段功能首段是总领段，总结了文章与讲座中的不同观点，为接下来的论述做好了铺垫。此段结构本段为总分结构，首句指出了全文讨论的问题，即这幅画是不是由荷兰著名画家亲自画的。然后分别阐述了阅读和听力中的观点，即在文章中,作者认为此画不是由画家本人亲自完成的，只是沿用了他的风格；而在讲座中，演讲者认为有证据证明此画就是画家本人所画。Paragraph2Thefirstcontradictingfactistheclothesofthewomanintheportrait.Sheiswearingawhitelinencapwhichgiveshertheappearanceofasimpleservant,whereastheluxuriousfurcollarshewearsdoesnotfit.Inthelecture,itissaidthatafterathoroughresearch,peoplefoundoutthatthefurcollarwasaddedtothepaintingabout100yearslaterinordertoincreasethevalueofthework,becausenowitillustratedanaristocraticladyinsteadofaservant.此段功能本段指出了画中第一个矛盾点：画中女人服装不统一。然后陈述了演讲者对于这一矛盾点的解释，即画中女人的皮领是100多年后后人加上的，用以增加画的价值，以此来证明这幅画原画还是画家本人所做。此段结构本段并列结构，首先指出第一个矛盾点，然后阐述了演讲者的反驳观点。Paragraph3Anotherproblemwiththepaintingwasthedisplayoflightandshadow.Rembrandtwasknownasamasterofpaintinglightandshadow.Yetcontradictorilytheelementsintheworkdonotfittogether.However,thelecturerexplainsthatbyremovingtheadditionalfurcollar,onecouldseethattheladywaswearingasimplelightcoloredcloth,whichreflectslightintoherface.此段功能本段指出了画中第二个矛盾点：画中光影的处理。画家以光影的处理著称，然而画中元素并不统一和谐。演讲者对此的解释是，因为画中皮领为后加上的，去掉这个部分，原画中的光影处理还是很好的，以此来证明这幅画原画还是画家本人所做。此段结构本段并列结构，首先指出第二个矛盾点，然后阐述了演讲者的反驳观点。Paragraph4Thethirdaspectwhichmakespeoplewonderabouttheoriginsofthepaintingwasthefact,whichthepanelwasmadeofseveralpiecesofwoodgluedtogetherinsteadofjustonepanelwhichwasusualforworksofRembrandt.Buttheadditionalpanelswerealsoaddedlatertoenlargethepainting.Bydoingthisthepaintingseemedtobemorevaluable.AnotherinterestingfactisthatthemainpanelismadefromthesametreelikeanotherpaintingofRembrandt,“Self-portraitwithahat".此段功能本段指出了画中第三个矛盾点：画的镶嵌板不是画家惯用的一整块风格,而是多块拼接而成。但是演讲者指出，多余的镶嵌板也是后加的，而原画只有主镶嵌板，并且有趣的是，这个镶嵌板还和画家之前的一幅画的镶嵌板出自同一