2019届江苏省南京市高三9月学情调研测试英语试题

页页第themandfoundthatthecriticismthattheyarepunishingthepoorestinunfounded.Expertsdidasurvey.Theylookedat13countries:Chile,Guatemala,Panama,Nicaragua,Albania,Poland,Turkey,Tajikistan,Tanzania,Niger,Nigeria,IndiaandTimor-Leste.Theyfoundthatwealthierfamiliesgenerallyspendmoreonalcohol,softdrinksandsnacks.InIndia,forinstance,wealthierhouseholdsspentseventimesmoreonalcoholandthreetimesmoreonsoftdrinksandsnackscomparedtopoorerhouseholds.Sothosehouseholdsenduppayingalargerproportionofanytax.Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth.IntheUK,saytheauthors,theresponsetothepossibleintroductionofaminimumpriceforalcoholwasestimatedtobe7.6timeslargerinthepooresthouseholds,comparedwiththewealthiest.InMexico,theintroductionofasugarydrinkstaxresultedinanaverageof4.2litreslessofsoftdrinkspurchasedperperson,witha17%decreaseinpurchasesamonglowerincomegroupsandalmostnochangeinhigherincomegroups.InLebanon,theysay,a50%increaseinthepriceofcigaretteswouldleadtotwiceasmanypeoplequittingsmokinginpoorerhouseholdsaswealthyfamilies.“Theevidencesuggeststhatconcernsabouthighertaxesontobacco,alcohol,andsoftdrinksharmingthepoorareoverstated,”saidDr.RachelNugentfromRTIInternationalinSeattle,USA,andchairoftheLancetTaskforceonNCDsandeconomics.“Somedegreeoftaxationontobaccoiscommoninmanycountries,andwhilewearestartingtoseeprogressonalcoholtaxes,thereismuchmoregovernmentsshouldbedoing一inbothhighandlowincomecountries一toconsiderthecarefulintroductionoftaxesonotherunhealthyproductslikesoftdrinksandsnacks.Pricepoliciessuchastaxeswillbeakeypartoftheresponsetorisingratesofnon-communicablediseases（慢性非传染病）”TheUKsugartaxisalevyonthemanufacturersof18pperlitrefordrinkscontaining5gofsugarper100mland24ponthosewith8gper100ml.Manycompanieshavereformulatedtheirproducts,oftenswappingartificialsweetenersforsugar.Some一likeCoca-Cola一havedecidedtosticktotheoriginalrecipeandthepricewillrise,althoughthebottlesandcanswillshrinktoreducetheimpact.38．Whatdoweknowaboutthe“sintaxes”?A．Theyreceivewarmwelcomeindevelopingcountries.B．Theyhelppeoplegetridofunhealthylifestyles.C．Theyhavethesameeffectsonthepoorandrich.D．Theyhaveadeeperinfluenceongroupswithhighincome.39．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouttheresponsesto“sintaxes”?A．Thepublichaveturnedadeafeartoit.B．Thegovernmenthasintroducedtaxesonsnacks.C．Manycompanieshaveraisedthepriceoftheirproducts.D．Coca-Colawillusesmallerpackagestocountertheimpacts.40.Theauthorsupporthisideasinthepassageby.A．givingexamplestellingstoriesanalyzingcausesandeffectsreasoningandconcludingCI'dbelyingifIsaidadog-likerobotopeningadoorforanotherdog-likerobotdoesn'tcreepmeout.Afulldiscussionofrobotdogsisforanotherday,butfornow,researchersstudyingthecognition（认知）andwelfareofrealdogshavealessthreateningviewofdogsandtechnology,particularlywhentouchscreensareinvolved.Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.Animalsbothonandofflandcanbetrainedtousetouchscreens—fromchimpanzeestodogs,cats,andevendolphins,amongothers.Touchscreenstudieshaveexploredhowandwhatdogscategorize,theirabilitytolearnbyexclusion（排除），andhowtheydiscriminatebetweendifferentimages.Anaddedbonusisthat,onceadoghasmasteredthetouchscreen,humanscanremovethemselvesfromthestudyandcan'tunconsciouslygivesignalstothedog.Researchersarenowposinganewsetofquestions:aretouchscreensbeneficialtotheuser?Cantouchscreensexercisethedog'smind,inadditiontoservingasawindowintoit?Nobetterplacetostartthanwitholderpetdogs,agroupfacingauniquesetofchallenges.Agingdogscanhavereducedphysicalactivitycomparedtotheiryoungercounterparts.Lessattentionisoftengiventotheirlearning,trainingandothermentalactivities;afterall,whohasn'theardthewrongproverb,“Youcan'tteachanolddognewtricks."Butdogmindsarenotmeanttobeinactive.Instead,“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs.”LisaWallisandcolleaguesattheSeniorFamilyDogProjectatELTEUniversityinBudapestareexploringtheeffectsoftouchscreensondogphysiological,behavioral,andcognitivewell-being.Theirrecentconferencepapergivesusalookathowdogslearntousethetouchscreenandthedirectionoffutureresearch.Overthecourseofanumberofsessions,dogslearnedthatwhentheynose-touchaparticularimageonthescreen,afoodtreatpopsout.Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”Onlytwooutofonehundredthirtydogswereunabletograspthetask,andthreedisplayedfrustrationsuggestingtouchscreensarewithinthecapacityofthemajorityofseniordogs.Wallisandcolleagueswillcontinueinvestigatinglong-termeffectsoftouchscreenuse,butitseemspromising.“Thepositiveassociationtothetouchscreenissostrongthatonseveraloccasionswhenthedogwasalone(thetrainerhadsteppedouttoanswerthephone),andthefeederfailed,dogscontinuedtoworkonthetouchscreenwithnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.”Owners,eventhoseinitiallyskeptical,wereimpressedbythestrategiestheirdogsused.Theyalsoobservedthatdogssleptsoundlyuponreturninghomefromtouchscreensessions,highlightingthatmentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondogpersonality,activitylevels,measuresofwell-being,andinfluenceonthedog-humanbond.Staytuned.41．Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Animalscandecidethecontentshownontouchscreens.B．Animalsnaturallyhavetheabilitytousetouchscreens.C．Peoplecandiscriminatebetweendogs'abilitiesbyexclusion.D．Peoplecantelldogs'needsthroughtheirtouchonthescreen.Byusingtheproverbinparagraph4,theauthorintendstostressA．agingdogsaretoooldtolearnnewskillagingdogsexperienceadeclineinenergytrainingyoungerdogsismoreproductivetrainingagingdogsispossibleandbeneficialWhatisrevealedbytheresearchconductedbyLisaWallis?Thedogsmasterthetouchscreenusestepbystep.RewardsareamustfordogstofinishthesessionThedogsregardnose-touchasaformofphysicalexercise.D．Itremainstobeseenwhetherithasapositiveeffectondogs.44．Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A．Howrobotdogshavethreatenedtheworld.B．Howpeopleestablishbetterdog-humanbonds.C．Howtouchscreenscanbeemployedtotraindogs.D．Howlong-heldmythsaboutdogsmisleadpeople.DOnebyone,prejudicesaredisappearingintheWest.Peoplemayharbourprivatesuspicionsthatotherpeople'sraceorsexmakestheminferior—buttosaysoopenlyistotallytaboo.Oneoldprejudiceremainsrespectable,though.Justaskachildlessperson.Theyarenotchargedtospecialtaxes,astheywereinSovietRussia;noraretheydrivenfromtheirhomes,astheystillareinsomepoorcountries.Thechildlessnonethelesscomeinforalotofcriticism.Somepointoutthatnon-parentsarefailingtoproducethefutureworkerswhowillpayfortheirpensions.Childlesspoliticiansarechargedwithnothavingaproperstake（利害关系）insociety.“Hetalkstousaboutthefuture,buthedoesn'thavechildren!”complainedJean-MarieLePen,co-founderoftheNationalFrontparty,ofEmmanuelMacron,whowentontowintheFrenchpresidency.SimilarattacksonTheresaMayandAngelaMerkelalsofailed—butresearchersfindthatmanyvotersquietlyagree.Thechargesagainstthechildlessshouldbethrownout,alongwithothersocialprejudice.Inmanyrichcountries,between15%and20%ofwomen,andaslightlyhigherproportionofmen,willnothavechildren.Theshareisrising.Somehavemedicalproblems;othersdonotmeettherightpersonintime;stillothersdecidetheydonotwantthem.Whateverthecause,theattacksonthechildlessarebaseless.Ifnon-breedersareselfish,theyhaveastrangewayofshowingit.Theyaremorelikelytosetupcharitablefoundationsthanpeoplewithchildren,andmuchmorelikelytodonatemoneytogoodcauses.AccordingtooneAmericanestimate,themerefactofnothavingchildrenraisestheamountapersonleavestocharitybyalittleover$10,000.Thechildlessarethusasmallbutusefulcounterweighttotheworld'sparents,whostopsocialimmobilitybypassingontheirsocialandeconomicadvantagestotheirchildren.Thefactthatsomanyseniorpoliticianslackoffspring（子孙）oughttoputtoresttheideathattheydonotcareforsociety.FiveoftheG7countriesareledbychildlessmenandwomen.Mr.Macron,Mrs.May,Mrs.Merkel,ShinzoAbeandPaoloGentilonihavetheirfaults,buttheyarenotnotablylessablethanJustinTrudeau（whohasthreechildren）letaloneDonaldTrump（whohasfive）.Theiropportunitiesfornepotism（裙带关系）arelimited.Andtheysparetheircountriesdynasticpolitics.Thechargethatchildlesspeoplefailtopulltheirweightinpopulationiscorrect,butislessseriousthanitappears.Thosewhodonothavechildrendoputpressureonpublicpensionsystems.Governmentshavetodounpopularthingslikemakingpensionslessgenerous,asJapanhasdone,oracceptingmoreimmigrants,assomeWesterncountrieshavedone.Buttosustain（维持）publicpensionsinthelongterm,countriesdonotactuallyneedmoreparents.Whattheyneedinsteadismorebabies.Itispossibletocombineahighrateofchildlessnesswithahighbirthrate,providedpeoplewhobecomeparentshavemorethanoneortwochildren.ThatwasthepatterninmanyWesterncountriesacenturyago.Ireland,yetanothercountrywithachildlessleader,stillmanagesittoday.Thechildlessalsodoeveryoneelseafavourbycreatingwonderfulworksofart.Britishnovelistshavebeenespeciallylikelytohavenooffspring:thinkofHilaryMantel,P.G.WodehouseandtheBrontesisters.InSeptemberlastyearBritainputJaneAustenonitsten-poundnote.Thatdecisionhaswascontroversial,thoughitwashardtoseewhy.Fewpeoplehavewrittenasshrewdly（出神入化）aboutmoneyoraboutfamilies—eventhoughAustendidnotmarry,andhadnochildren.45．WhatisthemainideaofParagraph2?A．Thechildlessoftengetpunishedinsociety.B．Thechildlessoftencomeundersharpcriticism.C．MostsuccessfulpoliticianshavenochildrenD．Childlessnessaffectstheresultofanelection.Thechildlessareprejudicedbecausepeoplethinkthechildless.A．haveastrangewaytoshowselfishnesssetabadexampleforyoungpeoplearenotasableasthosewithchildrenarethegovernment'sfinancialburdenWhatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph6referto?Acceptingmoreimmigrants.Reducingthepensionsfortheaged.Encouragingparentstohavemorechildren.Supportingthepoliticalleaderswithnochildren.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthechildless?UnderstandingB.SkepticalC.DisappointedD.ReservedWhichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?①to⑦representParagraphs1to7）i-J-Bi-J-B.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?IndefenceofthechildlessInhopeofhavingachildornotReasonsfornothavingchildrenMeasurestoaddressagingproblems第II卷（非选择题）四、任务型阅读请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案谢在答题纸上相应题号的横线上，每个空格只填一个单词。Hearingloss,that'sanolderperson'sproblem,right?Thinkagain.Noise,notage,istheleadingcauseofhearingloss.Whilehearingproblemsarecommonamongolderfolks,damagefromeverydaynoiseisgrowingamongyoungerAmericans,includingthoseintheirteensand20s.ThelatestresearchfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDCP）showssome40millionAmericansages20to69sufferinghearingdamagefromeverydayloudnoise,includingheavytraffic,noisyrestaurants,rockconcerts,sportingeventsandloudmusicviaearbuds（耳塞）.Among12-to19-year-olds,researchersestimatesome17percentshowevidenceofnoise-inducedhearinglossinoneorbothears.Worse,manyAmericansdon'tevenrealizetheirhearinghasbeenaffected.IntheCDCP'sanalysisofmorethan3,500hearingtests,oneoutoffouradultsclaimedtheirhearingwasjustfineandreportednojob-relatednoise,yethearingtestsindicatedtheyalreadyhadnoise-inducedhearingloss.Thistypeofdamagecausesaalarmingdropintheabilitytohearhigh-pitchedsounds,anditwasevidentinthoseasyoungas20.“Wehavegovernmentstandardsintheworkplacetoprotectworkersfromnoise,butnothingprotectsyoufromasocietygettingnoisiereveryyear,”saysaudiologistJackScott,oftheCenterforAudiology,Speech,Language,andLearningatNorthwesternUniversity.Eveninprotectedparksandwildlifeareas,arecentstudyfoundthatnoisepollutionfromtraffic,logginganddrillinghasdoubled,drowningoutthenaturalsoundsofbirdsandrushingwater.SarahSydlowski,theaudiologydirectorofthehearingimplantprogramattheClevelandClinic,putstheproblemthisway:“Thebabyboomergenerationisdealingwithskincancerfromthetanningtheydidasteens.Thisgenerationwillhavetodealwiththeconsequencesofnoiseexposurethatdamagedtheirhearing.”Manyyoungadultsdon'trealizethathearinglossispermanent.Whenloudnoisekillsthesensitiveinner-earcellsthatallowustohear,theydon'tregenerate.“Thehearingyouhavewhenyou'rebornisallyouget.Thosecellscan'tbereplaced,”saysSydlowskisays.“Andthedamageiscumulative(累积的),”addsScott.Themoreoftentheearsareexposedtodamagingnoise,themorecellsdie,leadingtodamagedhearingdaybyday.Partofthereasonhearingdamageisshowingupearlieristoday'simprovedportabledevices.Thesoundlevel28yearsagofromtheWalkman,withitsweakheadphones,wasmuchlowerthantoday'shigh-fidelitysmartphoneswithearbudsthatdeliverloudersoundmuchclosertotheeardrum.Astudythatcomparedhearingtestsofteensfoundthelevelsofmildhearinglossjumped30percent.Butdon'tjustblametheearbuds,saysSydlowski.Peopleunderestimatewhatasafelevelofsoundis,“especiallywhenthey'realreadyinanoisyenvironment.”BothsheandScottsayacommonproblemamongtheiryoungerpatientsisturningupthesoundintheirearbudstomaskthenoisearoundthem.Toprotectyourhearing,followthesetips:Turndownthevolume.Ifyou'relisteningtomusicthroughyourearbuds,“anyvolumelevelhigherthan50percentisrisky,”saysSydlowki.Limityourexposure.Donotattendfitnessclasseswithdeafeningmusic(oratleastmoveawayfromthespeakers,advisesSydlowski)andsportsstadiumswithear-splittingcrowdnoise.

Till武TroubledbyHearingLossCurrentItisexposuretonoise=insteadofasingthat.tohearinsloss.Thereisa.3thatmoreandmoreyoungpeoplearesufferinghearingloss.Findingsofthelatestresearc±LkenEger眞xged12to193业icwsymptom百ofpoorhearing—ManyAmericanadultsare4thattheydosufferfromhearinglosscausedbyjob-relatednoise=.OpinionsfromspecialistsJadeScottPeoplecanhardlyset5v^ienfacedwithworseningnoisepollution.Natui-alsoundscarTtbe.6becauseofdoublednoise.SarahSy<Hoxv±iInner-earcells.7ustohear.canTtbereproduoed.Moreover,hearingdatmgewillaccumulategradually.AnalvsesofreasonsHisliciualitYearbudsjtcKfor<feliver^rofloudersound.Ignorantofa.safelevelofsound,listenerswilltumupthevolumetoma^knoisesurroundinsthem,9evenmoredamage.Approadi^stoprotectinghearingLowingyouivolumetoaproperlevel.10places,withear-splittingerod'dnoise.五、读写任务请认真阅读下面有关有声读物”(audiobooks)的图表及相关文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。Anaudiobookisarecordingofatextbeingread.Audiobooksareconsideredavaluabletool.Digitalinnovationisn'tjustchangingthewayaudiobooksarecreated,packagedandsold.It'sstartingtoreshapethewayreadersconsumeliterature.Likemanyyoungpeople,TonyChou,a25-year-oldsoftwareengineerinShanghai,neverusedtoreadmuch.Hebarelycrackedabookincollegeandwouldreadoneortwoayearonvacation,atmost.Butinthepastyear,he'sfinished10books.HelistenstoaudioinpiecesthroughoutthedayonhisiPhoneduringhismorningworkout,onhis20-minute-triptowork,andwhilehe'scookingdinnerorcleaningup.Beforehefallsasleep,heswitchestoane-bookofthesamestoryonhisKindle,andstartsreadingrightwherethenarratorleftoff.有声渎物的市场规模（写作内容）用约30个单词概述上述信息的主要内容；阅读有声读物受欢迎的原因（不少于两点）；3•联系实际，谈谈你愿意读传统读物还是有声读物，并简述理由。（写作要求）1•写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；2•作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；不必写标题。（评分标准）内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。2019届江苏南京高三零模学情调研英语答案1．A【解析】考查非谓语动词。由题干可知，改题只需判断动作与谓语的先后关系：有着薰衣草花海的迷人风貌，谷里变成了南京著名的旅游景点。由此可知，表述一般的情况，BC表示将来，D表示已经，只有A表示一般情况，故选A。2．C【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。根据句意：刚刚我撞见了TayorSwift（著名歌手），我有点激动（失去控制力）。A.Givenup放弃；B.havetheirhandsup举起手来；C.carriedaway拿走，失去自制力；D.drivenaway赶走，离开。故选Co3．D【解析】考查谚语辨析。句意：西班牙国家足球队是如此卓越以致于能够把我们打败。A.gettheirhandsdirty亲自动手；B.havetheirhandsfull忙的不可开交；C.laytheirhandsonus找到某人或某物；D.beatushandsdown打败某人。故选D。4．A【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：多么幸运呀！斯皮尔伯格（美国著名导演，的下一部电影中获得主演的角色。A.landed着陆；B.lost失去；C.arranged安排；D.accepted接受。故选A。5．B【解析】考查介词短语的辨析。句意：根据他们对待家养动物的方式。A.inneedof需要；B.inviewof以看来，考虑到；C.insearchof寻找；D.infavourof支持。故选B。6．D【解析】考查定语从句。首先根据选项内容初步判断为三大从句之名从或定从，横线引导从句，主句不缺成分：定从或同位语。顾后：定从中不缺成分找关系副词，排除A与C。瞻前：先行词是aculture，抽象地点名词，因此选D。句意：这个公司需要创造一种文化，在这种文化中，人们认为忙里偷闲也是可以的。故选D。7．C【解析】考查形容词以及短语辨析。句意：如果我们仅仅专注于我们未来想成为的样子，我们可能会对沿途的机会视而不见。A.beequalto等于，胜任；B.becloseto靠近，接近；C.beblindto对不了解；D.beopento对开放。故选C。8．D【解析】考查副词的辨析。句意：你说你是无辜的，但是我们也有充足的理由在其他方面作考虑。A.twice两次，两倍；B.over结束，越过；C.aloud大声地；D.otherwise否则，另外。故选D。9．B【解析】考查名词。句意：北京的网站是中国园林设计创意艺术的杰出表现。A.distinction区别；B.expression表情；C.inspiration灵感；D.evaluation评估。故选B。10．A【解析】考查动词。句意：公司开始在伦敦增加专辑的销量。A.expanding扩大；B.exploring探索；C.exporting出口；D.expecting期盼。故选A。11．A【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：看到北京2022年如何利用其潜力最大限度地利用现有场馆，这是非常令人鼓舞的。A.how如何，怎样；B.why为什么；C.when什么时候；D.whether是否。故选A.12．D【解析】考查过去完成时态的被动语态。句意：威尔斯先生被扶上了讲台，接受了这个奖项，他看起来就像是被闪电击中了一样。此处asif（好像）引导方式状语从句，用虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时态,且主语he和strike之间是被动关系，故答案为D。13．B【解析】考查连词。句意：经过40年的改革开放，中国在成为“发达经济体”之前还有很长的路要走。A.until直到为止；B.before在之前；C.after在之后；D.unless除非。故选B。14．C【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：上海合作组织的成立，已经得到了广泛的认可和赞誉，旨在建立友好的国际关系。此处which引导定语从句，ThefoundingofShanghaiCooperationOrganization是主语，单数第三人称形式，结合句意定语从句用现在完成时态，故选Co15．C【解析】考查情景交际。句意：——看这样一场无聊的比赛真是浪费时间！——我也这么认为。为什么不换台呢？A.It'snobigdeal没什么了不起的；B.Withyourpermission未经许可；C.Myfeelingsexactly我也这么认为；D.You'vegottobekidding你一定是在开玩笑吧。故选C。16．B17．A18．D19．A20．B21．A22．B23．D24．C25．A26．C27．A28．C29．B30．D31．C32．D33．B34．A35．C【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。野花在山上的草地上是大自然的馈赠，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。考查名词。A.streets街道；B.highways高速公路；C.roads公路；D.lanes线路。根据后文倒数第三段可知，这些野花还盛开在高速公路的两边。故选B。考查名词。A.helper帮助者；B.discoverer发现者；C.creator创造者；D.protector保护器。根据后文可知，主人公帮助大自然让这些野花盛开。故选A。考查名词oA.liberty自由;B.traffic交通;C.justice正义;D.beauty美丽。根据后文倒数第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空应该是“美”，故选D。考查形容词。A.lonely孤独的，荒凉的；B.exciting令人兴奋的；C.happy高兴的；D.disappointed失望的。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人，很孤独。故选A。考查动词。A.wasted浪费；B.spent花费，度过；C.found发现；D.killed杀死。主人公的爸爸整日忙于上班，固定搭配：sb.spendtimesth./doingsth.故选B。考查连词。根据后文描述，主人公妈妈去世，爸爸忙于上班，哥哥在外地求学，只剩下主人公一个人很孤独。因此只能把自己的孤独向大自然排遣，寻求大自然的陪伴。故选Ao考查名词。A.aid援助；B.company公司；C.rescue营救；D.happiness高兴。根据小题6的解析，可知主人公很孤独，只能寻求大自然的陪伴。故选Bo考查动词。A.ignored忽视；B.scared使害怕；C.troubled使烦恼；D.failed失败。Sth.failsb.某事使某人失败。故选D。考查副词。A.Absolutely绝对地；B.Naturally自然地；C.Again又，再；D.Often经常。根据前文可知，主人公小时候就在大自然的陪伴下找到快乐，现在长大上了大学，在大学里又一次找到了大自然的快乐。故选C。考查名词。A.date日期；B.try尝试；C.vote投票；D.appearance外貌。propose意为求婚，date意为约会，在他们第一次约会就求婚了，故选A。C考查动词。A.shapes使成形；B.serves服务；C.selects选择；D.supports支持。根据后文，主人公说这个唯一的男人选择了第一夫人。故选Co考查形容词。A.unlikely不太可能的；B.unnecessary不必要的；C.unusual不寻常的；D.uncertain不确定的。当这个男人求婚的时候，他不可能想到这个女人就是后来的第一夫人，很多学生会误选D项uncertain，根据我们刚才的分析，把这句话翻译成中文自然意思就明了了。故选A。考查形容词。A.sudden突然的；B.complete完整的；C.gradual逐渐的；D.final最后的。由于土地发展和污染，’“AmericatheBeautiful”正在逐渐消失，故选C。考查动词。A.warned警告；B.persuade规劝；C.forced强迫；D.ordered命令。persuadesb.todosth.主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议。故选Bo考查动词。A.lengthen加长；B.widen加宽；C.monitor监控；D.landscape对做景观美化。Landscape名词做动词，意为美化，故选Do考查动词词组。A.letout放出，泄露；B.foundout找出，发现；C.pointedout指出；D.figuredout解决，想出。根据本句句意，主人公指出后面的的观点，故选C。考查动词。A.visited拜访；B.left离开；C.passed通过；D.crossed交叉。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。此题不少同学会选A，visit意为参观，本句重点强调野花可以通过各种日常生活中的媒介传播遍及整个国家。故选D。考查副词。A.then然后；B.even甚至；C.yet已经；D.still仍然。这里运用了拟人的说法，野花比如蒲公英可以通过粘在火车车轮上，甚至是躲在孩子们的口袋里，传播遍及整个国家。故选B。考查名词。A.wildflowers野花；B.wagons手推车；C.roadsides路边；D.travels旅行。主旨题，根据全文可知此空为wildflowers，故选A。考查动词。A.decide决定；B.guide引导；C.brighten使闪亮；D.shorten缩短。根据全文可知，主人公说服总统去提出高速公路美化倡议，因此每当我们在高速公路上旅行的时候，都能看到路边美丽的风景，这点亮了我们的旅行。故选Co【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。本题第3小题，根据后文倒数第三段中“AmericatheBeautiful”可知本空应该是“美”。CD【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况。细节理解题。根据表格中18.7%ofMississippipiansarefoodinsecure(Highestrateofallstates)可知，在美国所有的州中，密西西比州的粮食不安全状况最为严重。故选Co主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是美国人民的食物缺乏情况，表格右侧一列和最后一行都在呼吁人们为解决食物缺乏做出一些贡献，故选DoA选项说的是警告；B选项是帮助贫苦人民脱离贫困；C选项说的是通知，均不符合题意。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDA【解析】本文是一篇议论文。这篇文章在论述的是：增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯。细节理解题。对每个选项的内容进行对比。根据第三段第一句Ontheotherhand,taxeshaveagreaterimpactonthesmallerhouseholdbudgetsofpoorerfamilies.Theyrespondbybuyingless,withgreaterbenefitsfortheirhealth•根据本句提示可知在一些收入较低家庭，这个税收帮助他们减少垃圾食品的购买，从而保护了自身健康；而人们之所以拒绝购买是因为税收提高迫使他们这么做，易错点A选项warmwelcome则表示人们是自觉自愿地去拒绝，因此错误；而C和D根据本句也可以排除。故选Bo细节理解题。根据第1小题及文章，人们对此是有相应的行为变化的，人们减少了这些食品的购买，所以排除；B选项根据第二段，某些国家只是将taxesonsugarydrinks介绍进他们的国家，B选项以偏概全；C选项错在haveraised，文章中只是讲到作者在调查税收提高对国家的影响，文章中并没有明确指出国家增加商品价格；D选项定位到原文的最后一段最后一句中，故选Do作者观点题。文章作者提出自己的观点，增加某些垃圾食品的税收可以帮助人们改掉一些不好的生活习惯，后文中的分段都是在论证自己的观点，因此答案选择A(作者通过举例子的方法论证)。DD43．A44．C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“如何使用触摸屏来训练狗狗。”细节理解题。可以采用排除法去做。A选项decide明显不对，动物不能决定触摸屏上出现的东西；B选项naturally不对，根据第二段第三行trained可知，动物的这种触屏能力不是天生的；C选项人们可以用排除法来区分狗的能力与原文中theirabilitytolearnbyExclusion信息不符合；D选项人们可以通过动物的触屏行为来了解他们的需求可以在第二段开头Likeyou,animalscanlearntointeractwiththecontentdisplayedontouchscreens,andtheirtouchrevealssomethingabouttheirchoice,whichinturnrevealssomethingabouttheirmind.中得到印证。故选D。推理判断题。根据文中“studiespointtothefactthatagingseemstobeslowedbymentalandphysicalstimulation,andthusstoppingtheseactivitiesmightactuallyleadtofasteragingindogs."脑力和体力上的刺激能够延缓衰老，因此训练的过程对于老狗来说是有益的且也是可能的。故选D。推理判断题。根据文章第六段中Atfirst,onlyasingleimageappearsonthescreen.Oncethedogsreliablylearntonose-touchtheimage,theymoveontodiscriminationtrainingwheretwoimagesappeartogetherandonlyoneimageis“correct.”能够判断出研究者在屏幕上放一张图像，而后又放两张图像让狗判断正误。由此可以推断出研究者是循序渐进地让狗掌握触屏使用。根据第七段第四行中withnorewarduntiltheendofthesession.可以排除B答案；根据第七段最后一行中mentalactivitycanhavesomeofthesameeffectsasphysicalexercise.可以排除C答案；根据第七段第二行可以排除D。故选A。主旨大意题。抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。故选C。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括（如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词）。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第4小题，抓住本文的两个关键点“狗和触屏”可以直接选出C答案。根据全文及最后一段中的Furtherstudieswillexploretheeffectsoflong-termtouchscreenuseondog可以判断出C答案。A/B/D基本与原文没有关系。TOC\o"1-5"\h\zBDCABA【解析】本文是一篇议论文。主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判，并为无子女的人辩护。段落大意题。根据第二段第2、3行可知，这一段主要描述的是丁克一族在社会上受到的一些偏见和批判。A选项的语言过度夸大了这种现象；C、D选项只是这一段当中提到的某个方面，并不能概括这一段的内容。故选B。细节理解题。根据第二段第三行和第六段第二行可知，丁克一族没有子女为他们支付养老金，从而增加了政府的经济负担，因此D项符合题意。A项位于文章第四段的第一句，只是一种假设，与文章主旨相矛盾；B项并未在文章中提及；第四段最后一句话和第五、七段的举例说明丁克一族在某些方面不逊色于寻常父母，甚至比他们更优秀，所以C项不正确，故选D。词义指代题。爱尔兰的领导人虽然是丁克，但是这个国家却把it运用的很好。通过it所在的句子位置可知it所指代的内容在前文中，因此锁定范围Itispossibleacenturyago.前文中的pattern指的就是将高的丁克率和高出生率相结合，鼓励父母多生育。故选Co48．推理判断题。通过第三段的第一句话和最后一段的第一句话作者认为社会对于丁克一族的指控和偏见应该被消除，而且他们对社会的贡献是客观存在的，因此可以判断作者对于丁克一族的态度是理解体谅的。故选Ao宏观结构题。文章1、2两段描述的是丁克一族受到偏见的社会现象，第3段是作者对这一现象的看法，第4、5、6、7段当中，作者分别通过丁克一族在慈善、政治能力、人口增长、艺术贡献方面的作用举例论证。故选Bo主旨题。根据第5小题文章的结构可以推断出，作者是在为受到偏见的丁克一族做辩护，并举例进行论证。C选项的表述过于片面；B/D偏离主旨。故选Ao【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them（指代人、物、事件的复数名词），he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章