嘉兴海思外语小讲堂托福考试语法要点(虚拟语气)课件

托福语法之虚拟语气

托福语法之虚拟语气

什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would(should/could/might)+havedone将来动词过去式wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would(should/could/might)+动词原形1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式表现在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表现在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh练习IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.练习IfI____(be)you,Ishould表过去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表过去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHua练习Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.练习Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略当从句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒装形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略当从句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致）练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中可含有陈述语气的从句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中可含有陈述语气的从句一些特殊的虚拟条件句含蓄条件句有时，虚拟由without，with,under,引导的介词短语Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分词短语Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短语TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虚拟条件句含蓄条件句连词but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虚拟）+but/butthat+从句（陈述）主句（陈述）+or/otherwise+从句（虚拟）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.连词but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw练习ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.练习ButforJohn,we_____(lose有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你应该会通过这次考试了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command四个建议：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五个要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1.宾语从句。常见动词：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)练习MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.练习MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主语从句中有表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此还有以上虚拟语气词的衍生词都用虚拟。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+动词原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+动词原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+动词原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主语从句中有表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此还有以上虚拟练习itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.练习itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的从句的虚拟It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的从句的虚拟5.定语从句的虚拟Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定语从句的虚拟6.wish/ifonly的虚拟wish/ifonly之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。发生时间动词形式现在过去式（be用were)过去用过完，或couldhavedone.现在或将来would/could/might+动词原形6.wish/ifonly的虚拟发生时间动词形式现在过去式1）表现在Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyouwerehere.IwishIhadmroefreetime.IfonlyIwereabird.1）表现在Iwishitwerespringall2）过去IwishIhadtakenyouradviceIfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.IwishIcouldhavegonetothemoviewithyouyesterday.Iwishyourfathercouldhavebeentheretoseeitall.2）过去IwishIhadtakenyourad3)现在或将来Iwishyouwouldagreewithme.Ifonlytherainwouldstop.IwishIcoulddance3)现在或将来Iwishyouwouldagree练习Iwishshe___(come)toseemyparentsmoreoften.(将来）Sheoftenwishesthatshe___(canride)ahorse.(过去）Iwishthetrain___(arrive)already;thenIcouldhavegothomebeforebreakfast.（过去）练习Iwishshe___(come)tosee7.在evenif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同。Itlooksasifitmightrain.现在HetalkstomeasthoughtIwereachild.现在HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.过去7.在evenif,eventhough所引导的让步8.原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed,angry,annoyed,astonished,disappointed,frightened,happy,pleased,proud,sorry,surprised,upset等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：①should+原形动词(指现在或将来)。如：Hewasangrythatyoushouldcallhimbyname.Iwasastonishedthatheshouldnotanswersuchaneasyquestion.②should+完成式,指过去。如：I’mverysorrythatyoushouldhavefailedtheexam.IwasverysurprisedthatFathershouldhaveknownwhatIdidyesterday.8.原因状语从句中的虚拟语气托福语法之虚拟语气

托福语法之虚拟语气

什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建议，而不表示客观存在的事实。什么是虚拟语气？虚拟语气就是表示说话人的愿望，假设，猜测或建1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句

条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式（be用were)would(should/could/might)+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would(should/could/might)+havedone将来动词过去式wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would(should/could/might)+动词原形1.虚拟语气用于条件状语从句条件状语从句主句现在动词过去式表现在Ifhewerefree,hewouldhelpus.Ifhestudiedatthisschool,hewouldknowyouwell.TheSmiths_____(have)alovelygardeniftheydidsomeworkinit.IfIlearnttoswim,I___(feel)saferinthewater.Peter____(be)arichmantodayifhehadbeenmorecarefulinthepast.Iftheplanecrashed,we____(kill)表现在Ifhewerefree,hewouldh练习IfI____(be)you,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifhe___(have),hewouldattendthemeeting.Mr.Brown_____(buy)ahouseifhehadenoughmoney.练习IfI____(be)you,Ishould表过去Ifyou____(come)yesterday,you___(meet)him.Ifthechildhadn'tbeensotired,he___(notfall)asleepsoquickly.It___(be)agoodmatchifithadn'trained.IfMother____(know)youwerecoming,she'dhavebakedsomecakes.表过去Ifyou____(come)yesterday表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHuaUniversity,hewouldmakefulluseofhistime.Ifheweretocomehere,hewouldtellusaboutit.表将来IfheshouldgotoQingHua练习Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wewouldhavethemeeting.Ifit____(rain)tomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.IfIweretodothiswork,I_____(do)itinmyownway.练习Ifyou____(come)tommorow,wif的省略当从句中有were,hadshould,would,可放句首，省略if,用倒装形式Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.Hadshemoremoney,shewoulddressfashionably.WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadshelistenedmorecarefully,shewouldn'thavemadesomanymistakes.if的省略当从句中有were,hadshould,wou2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致）Ifyouhadtakenthemedicine,youwouldfeelbetternow.Ifhewereleaving,youwouldhaveheardaboutit.2.一些特殊的虚拟条件句错综时间条件句（从句主句时间不一致）练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he____(be)scientistnow.练习Ifhehadtakenmyadvice,he一些特殊的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中可含有陈述语气的从句Ifitwerenotforthatfactthatyouareill,Iwouldaskyoutodothisrightnow.IfIhadknownthatheasnotathome,Iwouldnothavecalledonhim.一些特殊的虚拟条件句虚拟条件句中可含有陈述语气的从句一些特殊的虚拟条件句含蓄条件句有时，虚拟由without，with,under,引导的介词短语Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldn'thavesucceeded.分词短语Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldamounttodiaster.Borninbettertimes,hewouldhavebeenascholar.不定式短语TohearhimspeakEnglish,onewouldtakehimforaforeigner.一些特殊的虚拟条件句含蓄条件句连词but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherwise.主句（虚拟）+but/butthat+从句（陈述）主句（陈述）+or/otherwise+从句（虚拟）Itwouldbeamistakenottohelphim,butIreallydon'tknowtheanswer.Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp,buthewassobusy.Sheeatstoomucheveryday,orshewouldbethinner.Heisnotacarefuldriver;otherwisehewouldn'thavehadthataccident.连词but,butthat（若不是）,or或otherw练习ButforJohn,we_____(lose)thematchlastweek.Butforyourhelp,I____(find)theplace.练习ButforJohn,we_____(lose有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。①省略从句Hewouldhavefinishedit.他本该完成了。Youcouldhavepassedthisexam.你应该会通过这次考试了。②省略主句IfIwereathomenow.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。IfonlyIhadgotit.要是我得到它了该多好啊。有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1.宾语从句。常见动词：一个坚持：insist两个命令：order,command四个建议：advise,suggest,propose，recommend五个要求：urge\demand\require\request\desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。3.虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用1.宾语从句。常见动词：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)haveameeting.Thedoctororderedthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdays.Hedemandedthatwe(should)startrightaway.Weinsistedthatshe(should)gowithus.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)练习MyunclesuggestedthatI____(get)ajobinabank.Theyinsistedthatameeting_____(beheld)assoonaspossbile.练习MyunclesuggestedthatI__2.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。order,advice,suggestion,proposal,demand,request,desire,requirement,idea,wish,etc.2.以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句（包括主语从句，表语从Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.Ourdecisionisthatthewe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.Therehavebeendemandsthattheybegivenmorefreetime.Myideaisthathe(should)do3.主语从句中有表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此还有以上虚拟语气词的衍生词都用虚拟。Itisnecessary,importantthatwe(should)+动词原形natuarl,desirableadvisable,starngeurgent,preferableItasnowonderthatwe(should)+动词原形ashameapityItisdesired,suggestedthatwe(should)+动词原形decided,proposedrequested,orderedrecommended3.主语从句中有表示惊奇，不相信，惋惜，理应如此还有以上虚拟练习itisessentialthatevertchild____（have)thesameeducationalopportunities.It'snecessarythatastudent___(learn)Englishwell.练习itisessentialthatevertc4.It's(high)time后的从句的虚拟It's(high)timeweleft(shouldleave).Itisabouttimeyourbabycouldwalk.

4.It's(high)time后的从句的虚拟5.定语从句的虚拟Anybodywhoshoulddothatwouldbelaughedat.=Ifanybodyshoulddothat,hewouldbelaughedat.Amanwhostoppedworkingwouldamounttonothing.=Ifamanstoopedworking,hewouldamounttonothing.5.定语从句的虚拟6.wish/ifonly的虚拟wish/ifonly之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。发生时间动词形式现在过去式（be用were)过去用过完，或couldhavedone.现在或将来would/could/might+动词原形6.wish/ifonly的虚拟发生时间动词形式现在过去式1）表现在Iwishitwerespringallthey