状语从教讲解

一、状语从句概说1、在句中作状语用的从句叫状语从句。2、状语从句可修饰谓语，非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。3、引导状语从句的一般为连词，也可有词组。4、状语从句可以在句首，也可在句中或句末。5、状语从句按其用途可有时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、让步、方式、比较等九种。6、状语从句中的将来时，一般不用将来时。（一般将来时用一般现在时、将来完成时用现在完成时、过去将来时用一般过去时、过去将来完成时用过去完成时表示。)二、重点1、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when,before,after,assoonas,as,while,hardlyhad…when,scarcelyhad…when,nosoonerhad…than,till/until,since,themoment,bythetime等，例如：Wheneverwemetwithdifficulties,theycametohelpus.IgotintouchwithhimimmediatelyIreceivedhisletter.Mysistercamedirectlyshegotmymessage.EverytimeIcatchacold,Ihavepaininmyback.△如果把nosooner,hardly,scarcely,barely置于句首，它所连带的这部分就要倒装，如：Nosoonerhadsheheardthenewsthanshefainted.(Shehadnosoonerheardthenewsthanshefainted.)2、地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词有where,wherever(nomatterwhere)等，例如：WhereIlivethereareplentyoftrees.我住的地方树很多。WhereverIamIwillbethinkingofyou.不管我在哪里我都会想到你。Bamboogrowswellwhereitiswarmandwet.Youmaygowhereveryoulike.有时，-where构成的复合词也可以引导地点状语从句，如：Everywheretheywent,theywerekindlyreceived/warmlywelcomed.We’llgoanywherethePartydirectsus.3、原因状语从句(1)引导原因状语从句的连词有because,since,as,nowthat(2)

because,since,as,for用法比较：㈠、because:语气最强，回答why时用because，所表示的是直接理由，因果关系不能同so连用。Whyareyoulate?Becausethereisatrafficjam.㈡、

since:“既然…..”表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。Sinceyouhavegotenoughmoneywithyounow,youcancomeandbuyitnexttime.㈢、as:“由于….”语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。Ashehadbeenreadyfortheworst,hewasnotdisappointedattheresult.㈣、for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句；for不能放在句首。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.4、条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的连词有：if,unless,(ifnot),onconditionthat,aslongas。注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：Cometomorrow,andIwilltellyou.Persevereandyouwillsucceed.Givehimaninchandhe’lltakeamile.(=Ifyougivehimaninch,he’lltakeamile.)但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or或otherwise，如：Makeupyourmind,oryou’llmissthechance.Startatonce,or/otherwiseyou’llmissthetrain.(=Ifyoudon’tstartatonce,…)(=Unlessyoustartatonce,you’llmissthetrain.)5、目的、结果状语从句（1）引导目的状语从句的连词有sothat,inorderthat;引导结果状语从句的连词有so….that,such….that（2）….sothat….,inorderthat…..引导目的状语从句时，从句中常有can,could,may,might,would（3）so+形容词/副词/分词+that引导结果状语从句such+(形容词)+名词+that引导结果状语从句Heworkedsohardthathemadegreatprogress.ThebookissointerestingthatIhavereadittwice.（4）such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+that引导结果状语从句so+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that引导结果状语从句注意：只有单数可数名词才有这两种表达方式。It’ssuchafinedaythatweallwanttogoouting.=It’ssofineadaythatweallwanttogoouting.（5）如果修饰名词的形容词为many,few,much,little时，前面则用so，例如：somany+名词+that； sofew+名词+thatsomuch+名词+that； solittle+名词+that比较：somany/fewflowers→ suchniceflowerssomuch/littlemoney→ suchrapidprogresssomanypeople → suchalotofpeopleThereweresomanypeopleinthebusthatIcouldhardlymove.SheputsomuchbutterandsugarinthecakethatIdidn’tdaretoeattoomuch.6、让步状语从句（1）引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although,evenif/eventhough,nomatterwho/what/when/where/which/how(whoever,whatever,whenever,wherever,whichever,however)（2）whoever,whatever,whichever还可引导名词从句。而nomatterwho/what/which只能引导让步状语从句Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,nomatterwhowantedtoseehim.=Hedidn’twanttobedisturbed,whoeverwantedtoseehim.I’llgivethebookstowhoeverneeds由as,that,though引导的特殊让步状语从句结构：在正式文体或文学作品中，为了强调让步的含义，可用as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。（though,that与as一样，也可以用于这种结构），如下面几种情况：①表语的倒装：Tiredashewas,hestillwentonwithhiswork.Tallas/thoughhewas,hecouldn’treachthetopshelf.②状语的倒装：（这时不可在状语之前加very,much等修饰语）MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idonotlikehimasaman.Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.③谓语动词的倒装：Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Hatehimaswemay,wemustadmithisgreatness7、方式状语从句1）方式状语从句通常由as,asif,asthough来引导，如：YoumustdotheexercisesasIshowyou.Pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.Heactedas/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hewalkedasifhewas/weredrunk.Marywasbehavingasthoughshehadn’tgrownup.2）在非正式文体或口语中，也可用theway(that)(=as=inthewayinwhich),how,like等来引导，如：Jeandoesn’tdoitthewayIdo.SheisdoingherworkthewayIlikeitdone.Youcandothejobhowyoulike.Thelandlordwaswatchinghimlike(=justas)acatwatchesamouse.Doyoumakebreadlikeyoumakecakes?8、比较状语从句（1）比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。原级：as…as…notso/as…as比较级:比较级+than…最高级：最高级+in/of/among…（2）nomorethan和notmorethannomorethan---only只不过，仅仅(嫌少的含义)notmorethan---lessthan不多于，不到（说明客观事实）Hiseducationaddeduptonomorethanoneyear.(onlyoneyear,太短了，有感情色彩)Theyfinishedtheprojectinnotmorethanoneyear.(lessthanoneyear,不到一年，只说明客观事实，没有感情色彩)（3）两者中“较….的一个用the+比较级Theyoungerofthetwinsistersismoreconsideration三、难点与易错点1、as,when,while的用法与区别：when:①引导状语从句，表示主句、从句的动作或状态同时、之前、之后发生。Whentheyarrived,itwasalreadymidnight②从句和主句的动作同时发生，可用as，但不可用while，因为arrived是非延续的动词Whentheclockstruckeleven,allthelightswentout.从句的动作在主句之前发生。只能用when。Whenherantothestop,thebushadgone.从句动作在主句动作之后发生，只可用when。③、when=andthen,作并列连词，连接两个分句,when前通常有逗号。意为“这时….就在这时….“Iwaswanderinginthestreet,whensuddenlyIcaughtsightofoneofmyoldfriends.while①、while意思是duringthewholeofthetimethat,指在一段时间里，所引导的从句中的动词是延续性的，可译为“在….期间，在….之时”ShevisitedalotofplaceswhileshestayedinU.S.HefeltasleepwhilehewaswatchingTV.②、while可用作并列连词，连接两个分句，表“对比，不同”。中文常备翻译为“而….”MysonlikestowatchboxinggameswhileIwouldratherlistentomusic.as①多用于动作发生时间较短时，常有“正当….之时”之意Shefellofthebusasshegotdown.②表“边…边…”或“随着….”之意时常用asHewhistledasherodeon.Astimewenton,hebecamelessactive.③as表“由于….”引导原因状语从句I’mnotgoingoutasIhavealottodo.④、as用于表“虽然”的倒装句中。Youngassheis