中考名词专练

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名词是表示人、事物、地点，现象以及其他抽象概念的词。如：man,radio,difficulty等。名词的分类：

名词可以根据其意义分为专有名词和普通名词。

名词按照其所表示的事物的性质有可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。名词的数：

（一）可数名词

可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1.单数名词表示一个可数的事物。在使用时，前面一般加不定冠词a或an。

2.复数名词表示大于1个以上的可数事物。

(1)可数名词复数形式的规则变化及读音如下表所示：

情况构成方法读音例词一般情况在词尾加上-s1.-s在清辅音后发/s/2.–s在浊辅音和元音后发/z/1.desk—>desksmap—>maps2.dog—>dogsday—>days以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词在词尾加上-es-es发/iz/bus—>busesbox—>boxeswatch—>watchesdish—>dishes以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾的名词在词尾加上-s-s发/iz/face—>facesnurse—>nursesprize—>prizesorange—>oranges以辅音字母+y结尾的名词把y变为i再加-es-ies发/iz/story—>storiesfamily—>families以f或fe结尾的名词把f或fe变为v再加上es-ves发/vz/knife—>knivesleaf—>leavesthief—>thieveshalf—>halves以o结尾的名词以辅音+o结尾，在词尾加上-es以元音+o结尾或外来词，在词尾加上-s

但是有些并不规则

（简单的记忆：两人(hero,negro)两菜(potato,tomato)一回声(echo)这五个单词的复数是加-es，其余的是加-s.）-es发/z/-s发/z/1.photo—>photostomato—>tomatoes2.zoo—>zoos

radio—>radios

piano—>pianos

photo—>photos（2）可数名词复数形式的不规则变化：

①少数名词有不规则的复数形式，如man—>men，woman—>women，foot—>feet，goose—>geese，tooth—>teeth，child—>children，mouse—>mice等。②有些名词的单复数形式相同，如sheep—>sheep，deer—>deer，Chinese—>Chinese，Japanese—>Japanese，means—>means等

③有些名词形式上是单数，实际为复数意义。通常被称为复数名词，如：people，police等。

④由-man和-woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men和-women，如Frenchman—>Frenchmen，Englishwoman—>Englishwomen，但是German不是合成词，其复数形式为Germans。另外，man，woman作定语时，他的单复数形式与它所修饰的名词保持一致，如：mandriver—>mendrivers，womanteacher—>womenteachers等。⑤有些名词只有复数形式，如：clothes，trousers，glasses，chopsticks等。⑥数词+名词作定语时，常采用

i.数词+单数名词形式。如atwo-weekholiday。

ii.数词+名词's(或：数词+名词s’)如atwoweeks’holiday。⑦只用作单数的复数形式的名词有：学科名称，如mahts，physics；游戏名称，如：bowls；专有名词，如theUnitedStates，NiagaraFalls；其它名词，如：news等。（二）不可数名词不可数名词没有单复数形式，要表示不可数名词的数量，可以用以下两种方法。用much，alittle，alotof(=lotsof),some,any,plentyof等修饰。如：

Therichmanhasalotofmoney.

Thereissomemilkinthebottles.

Isthereanywaterintheglass?

Idon’tlikewinterbecausethere’stoomuchsnowandice.

ThereisplentyofwaterinsouthernChina.用量词。如：twocupsoftea,fourpiecesofpaper.名词所有格

名词的所有格用来表示人或物的所有关系。所有格的构成有以下几种形式。

（一）有生命名词的所有格

1.单数名词后加’s，如mymother'sbirthday,theboy’sbook等.

2.不以s结尾的复数名词后加’s，如theChildren'sPalace,women’sroom等.

3.以s结尾的复数后加’,如theteachers’office,thetwins’room等。

4.并列名词各有所属时，在两个名词之后都加’s，如Mary’sandTom’sfather(两个爸爸)。并列名词有共同所属时，只在最后一个名词后加’s，如MaryandTom’sfather(同一个爸爸)。

（二）无生命名词的所有格

1.通常用“of+名词”的形式，如apictureofmine,amapofChina.

2.表示特定时间，距离，集体，城市，国家，机构等所属的名词，可以用’s来表示所有关系，如today’snewspaper,tenminutes’walk。知识链接：单数名词或不可数名词做主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式；可数名词的复数做主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式；集体名词做主语时，如果强调整个集体这一个概念，谓语动词用单数，如果强调组成集体的成员，谓语动词用复数：如：Class10haveagoodtimeinthemountains.Class10isthebestclassinourschool.hair,fruit常用单数表示总称，但表示“若干根头发”，“若干种水果”，则用复数。如：afewhairs意为：“几根头发”，manykindsoffruits意为“许多种水果”。选择题：Itisfiveyearssincewebegantoenjoya________springholidayeacyear.

A.ten-day B.tenday C.tenday’s D.ten-daysAstherewherenotenoughchairsinthepark,theyhadtositonthe________.

A.ground B.earth C.land D.fieldTakeiteasy.Thereisstill_______timeleft.

A.little B.alittle C.few D.afewBethhasabeautiful_________.Listen!Sheissingingverywell.

A.voice B.look C.sound D.smell----Ihearyouhavetogetupearlyeverymorning.

----Right.It’soneofthe_________inmyfamily.

A.plans B.orders C.rules D.suggestions----Whosekeyisthis?

----Isit__________?Sheislookingforitontheplayground.

A.Tom’s B.Kate's C.Tom D.KateTherearetwo_________inthecity.

A.car’sfactory B.car’sfactories C.factoriesofcars D.carfactoriesHedroppedthe_________andbrokeit.

A.cupofcoffee B.coffee’s C.cupforcoffee D.coffeecupWecangetmuch______fromtheprogramsonCCTV10.

A.ideas B.information C.photos D.stories----DoyouknowMrSmith?

----Yes,heisafriendof__________.

A.Lucy’suncle B.Lucy’suncle’s C.uncle’sofLucy D.Lucyuncle’s----Whatcanyouseeoverthere?

----Oh,Isee_______areeatinggrass.

A.manysheep B.manysheeps C.thesheeps D.muchsheepIt’sraining.Wouldyoupleasmake________forthestudentsoutside?

A.place B.spaces C.room D.seats----WhatcanIdoforyou?

----Iwanttobuysome______clothes.

A.man’s B.news C.men D.men’sThiskindoftreehasgreen______allaroundtheyear.

A.leaf B.leafs C.leaves D.leaveWeare_________andyoutwoare__________.

A.Chinese;Germans B.Chinese;Germen

C.Chinese;Germen D.Chineses;GermmansJuliewenttothe________shoptobuy________.

A.shoes;shoes B.shoe;shoes C.shoe;shoe D.shoes;shoeThemaninblackis_________.

A.afriendofmyfather B.myfather’sfriends

C.afriendofmyfather’s C.myfatherfriendOurEnglishteachergaveus________onEnglishlearning.

A.aadvice B.anadvice C.someadvice D.someadvices----Wouldyoulike________?

----Thankyou,butI'mnotthirty.

A.somesandwiches B.somecakes C.somebread D.someorange----Wherearetheboystudents?

----Theyareplayingfootballontheplayground.

A.boysstudents B.boystudents C.boystudent D.boysstudent----Howsoonshallwestartthebiketrip?

----___________.

A.Infiveday’stime B.Infivedays’time C.Infivedaystime D.ForfivedaysThereare51________inourschool.

A.womanteacher B.womenteacher C.womenteachers D.womanteachersIhavemade_______withBilly.

A.friends B.friend C.afriend D.thefriendI’llbuy__________trousers.

A.a B.two C.apairof D.apieceof----Areyousureyoudon'twanttogotothemoviestonight?

----Ican’t.Ihave_____todo.

A.muchhomework’s B.toomuchhomework

C.Toomanyhomework D.toomanyhomework’sGrandpawasillyesterday,andhehad_________sleep.

A.anightbad B.anight’s C.abadnight D.abadnight’s----WhatdoesVictorusuallydoafterschool?

----Hejustplayscomputergames________,doingnothingelse.

A.onceuponatime B.moreorless C.hourafterhour D.fromnowon----Whoarefishingoverthere?

----________.

A.Brown’s B.Brown C.TheBrowns D.TheBrownJackhadatoothache.Sothedentisttookoutoneofhis_________.

A.teeth B.tooth C.tooths D.teethsWritingarticlesinEnglishisnot_______.

A.easyjobs B.aneasyjob C.theeasywork D.aneasywork.March8this________Day.

A.Woman’s B.Women’s C.Womans’ D.Womens'__________mothersbothworkinthesamehospital.

A.TimandPeter’s B.Tim’sandPeter C.Tim’sandPeter’sD.TimandPeter_________are__________forcuttingthings.

A.Knife,used B.Knives,using C.Knife,using D.knives,used----Howfarisitfromhere?

----About________walk.

A.tenminutes B.tenminutes’ C.tenminute’s D.tenminuteIdon'tknowthatman,butIthinkheis_________father.

A.LucyandLily’s B.Lucy’sandLily C.Lucy’sandLily’sD.LucyandLilyShewasborninHangzhou,butWenzhouhasbecomehissecond__________.

A.family B.hometown C.house D.countryTwelve_________werehurt,butno______werelostinthataccident.

A.person,life B.people,lives C.peoples,lives D.persons,life单词拼写：Therearealotof________(绵羊)eatinggrassonthegrassland.Therearetwo___________(婴儿)inthepicture.Therearetwo___________(婴儿)dogsinthepicture.These______________(手表)aremadeby___________(德国人)There’ssomeamazing___________(消息)intoday’snewspaper.Therearesixty-five_________________(女)doctorsinthishospital.Tomhashadhistwo____________(牙齿)pulledout.Hisfatheris