双孢蘑菇堆料制作中的原材料和替代物 - 中英版课件

RawmaterialsandAlternatives

FortheproductionofcompostforAgaricusJosButhMushroomAdviceNetwork蘑菇服务网络Holland荷兰MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

双孢蘑菇堆料制作中的原材料和替代物

Basicrequirementsofrawmaterials

原材料的基本要求Carbohydrate(C)Cisabasicbuildingblockofliveandisasourceofenergy碳水化合物：碳（C）是生命的基本结构单元，也是能量来源Nitrogen(N)NisforproteinstheMushroomsneed,geneticmaterialandtobuildupagoodcellstructure氮素（N）构成蘑菇所需要的蛋白质、遗传物质，以形成良好的细胞结构C/NRatio20/1–35/1forphaseI(AnoptimalbalanceddietforMicrolive).碳氮比：一次发酵20-35:1（微生物存活的最佳平衡）Availability/price可得性/价格MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

Carbohydraterawmaterials

碳水化合物类原材料

Straw(ForexampleWheat)秸秆（如麦秸）(+/-0,5%N)StrawinHorsemanure马粪秸秆（马粪）

(Horsemanure1,4–1,7%N)AmericanHay美国干草(1,5–1,9%N)

Corncops玉米芯(0,6%N)Cornfader(Cornplant)玉米杆(0,6–0,8%N)

Cottonseedhulls棉籽壳

(3%N)

Sugarcanebagasse甘蔗渣(0,3%N)

Ricestraw稻草(0,6–0,9%N)

Elephantgrass象草(ChinaandBrazil)

(中国和巴西)(1,31%N)SignalgrassorBraquiária(Brazil,ColombiaandIran)(0,5%N)信号草或苏里南草（巴西、哥伦比亚和伊朗）MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryCarbohydratematerials

碳水化合物原材料Cuttedcorncops细碎玉米芯Horsemanure马粪(1,4–1,7%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryElephantGrass(1,31%N)象草（1.31%N）Sugarcane(0,3%N)甘蔗(0.3%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryCarbohydratematerials

碳水化合物原材料Cornfader玉米秆(0,6–0,8%N)Cornfader玉米秆MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryCarbohydratematerials

碳水化合物原材料Ricestraw稻草(0,6–0,9%N)SignalGrass信号草(0,5%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryCarbohydratematerials

碳水化合物原材料

Strawhastobeprotectedduringstorage

在储存秸秆时，应加以保护

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HorsemanureC+Nrawmaterials

马粪C+N类原材料

Horsemanuremostlyverydifferentinquality马粪的质量不一SomeHorsemanureisalreadybusywithfermentationbyentrythefarm.OtherHorsemanureislikestraw.有些马粪会自己发酵。有些马粪却如同秸秆Cheap价廉Availability可得性Becriticalbyacceptations根据认可标准，严格挑选检查MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

PreparingofCorncops(0.6%N)

玉米芯预先切细

MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryNitrogen(N)rawmaterials.

N类原材料.Urea(46%N)(Chemical)尿素(46%N)（化学制品）AmmoniumNitrate(28–32%N)(Chemical)

硝酸铵(28–32%N)（化学制品）AmmoniumSulphate(21%N)(Chemical)

硫酸铵（21%N）（化学制品）Cottonseed(7–8%N)(Biologic)棉籽(7–8%N)（生物制品）Sunflower(5,9%N)(Bio)向日葵（5.9%N）（生物制品）Cottonhulls(3%N)(Bio)棉壳（3%N）（生物制品）Coco(3%N)(Bio)椰子壳(3%N)（生物制品）Chickenmanure(2–5%N)(Bio)鸡粪(2–5%N)（生物制品）Horsemanure(1,4–1,7%N)(Bio)马粪(1,4–1,7%N)（生物制品）FreshPigmanure(0,7–0,9%N)(Bio)

新鲜猪粪(0,7–0,9%N)（生物制品）MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryAlternative(N)rawmaterials

替代物（N）原材料.Urine(15–18%N)尿素(15–18%N)Bloodmeal(10–14%N)血粉(10–14%N)Fishscrap(10,6%N)鱼渣(10,6%N)Shrimpresidues(9,5%N)虾残渣(9,5%N)Cottonseedmeal(7,7%N)棉籽粕(7,7%N)Soyabeanmeal(7,2–7,6%N)大豆粕(7,2–7,6%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryNitrogen(N)rawmaterials..Chickenmanure鸡粪(2–5%N)Sunflowers向日葵(5,9%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryNitrogen(N)rawmaterials..Coco

(3%N)椰子壳Cottonseedhules棉籽壳(3%N)MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

Urea(Inorganic)

尿素（无机物）

Ureaisaggressive尿素活力旺盛Ureaattackmorethestructureofthecompost尿素更能破坏堆料的质构UreaproduceinshorttimealotofAmmonia尿素能在短时间内产生大量的氨UreacancreateAmmoniaproblemslaterintheprocess尿素在后期过程中会造成氨问题UreacanincreasethepHtoomuchbytoomuchAmmonia尿素中含有太多的氨，使pH上升过高Ureaisakickstarterforanotactiveprocess尿素是不活跃过程的启动器UreaisaniceproducttorepairlowNitrogeninchickenmanure尿素能够改善鸡粪中氮含量低的情况Ureaisagoodalternativebybirddiseases(forbiddentransportfromchickenmanure)尿素是抵挡鸟类疾病的良好替代物（防止疾病从鸡粪中传播）MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

MoreInorganicNitrogensource

更多无机氮源

AmmoniumSulphate(NH4SO4)硫酸铵

Restproductfrommodernammoniacleaners(Odor)现代氨清洁剂（气味）中的副产物Only2kgAS/toncompcanreducepHinphaseIIcomp在二次发酵堆料中,每吨堆料中仅需2kg硫酸铵就能够降低pH值IncreaseAmmonialevels(Can能够增加氨含量Don’tproducetoomuchactivity

不会产生太大的活性

IspossibletomakeNitrogencorrectionslaterintheprocess

可能会在后期过程中修正氮源AmmoniumNitrate(NH4NO3)(28–32%N)硝酸铵

IntheUSAnotpossiblebecauseitwasusedbythebombexplosioninOklahomaCity

在美国是不可能使用的，因为在俄克拉荷马市硝酸铵被用于炸弹爆炸MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

Chickenmanure/Turkeymanure

鸡粪/火鸡粪

Measuretheashcontentthathastobelowerthan20%灰分含量必须低于20%。MeasureNitrogenthathastobe3.5–4.5%氮含量必须在3.5–4.5%-measureshortbeforeusing使用前检测Measuremoistercontentthathasamaximumacceptationof40%水分含量不超过40%YouneedtoknowifthemanureproduceruseAmmoniareductionproductsinthemanure(Odorreduction)

必须知道粪肥生产商是否在粪肥中使用了减氨产品。Thechickenorturkeymanurehastobeyoung鸡粪或火鸡粪要新鲜

OldmanurealreadyloseAmmoniaandactivity

时间久的粪便已经失去了氨和活性Bothmanureshastobefinebeforeusing这两种粪便在使用前就应是细小颗粒MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustry

Chickenmanurehastobefine

鸡粪应该颗粒细小

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AlldifferentCarbohydraterawmaterials

所有不同的碳水化合物原材料Needdifferentkindofprewetting需要采用不同的预湿方法

time时间watering浇水temperature温度

MushroomAdviceNetworkTrainingandAdviceforthemushroomindustryGypsum石膏Gypsum5-7%p