2023届长沙市重点高三下学期一模考试英语试题含解析

2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Tomisproudand________,neveradmittingheiswrongandalwayslookingforsomeoneelsetoblame.A．strict B．stubbornC．sympathetic D．sensitive2．Hopefully，thenewmethodwillbeeffective，helpingstudentstogettheircareerplans________.A．athandB．atwillC．ontrialD．ontrack3．WhenIsaidsomeonebroketheschoolregulations,I______you.Whydidyougetthatangry?A．don’treferto B．haven’treferredto C．wasn’treferringto D．hadn’treferredto4．AninternationalteamofastronomersannouncedWednesdaythatthey________thefirst-everimageofablackhole.A．havecaptured B．werecapturingC．hadcaptured D．wouldcapture5．–Whichdriverwastoblame?--Why,______!Itwasthechild’sfault,clearandsimple.Hesuddenlycameoutbetweentwoparkedcars.A．both B．eachC．either D．neither6．---Thepricesofvegetablesaregoingupmadly.It’sreallytoomuchforus.---Butforthesituationwheremanyvegetableproducingareas_____constantlowtemperature,thingswouldnotbelikethis.A．meetwith B．havemetwithC．metwith D．hadmetwith7．Ifithadnotbeenfortheheroes’contributionsandsacrifices,we_____suchahappylife.A．wouldn’thaveled B．wouldn’tbeleadingC．haven’tled D．arenotleading8．You________havebookedtheticketsinadvance;therewereplentyleft.A．needn’t B．can’tC．shouldn’t D．mustn’t9．Asteachersweshouldn’taccepttheargumentgivenbysomepeople_______standardizedtestsrestricteducatorstoomuchandtakethejoyoutofteaching.A．where B．whatC．how D．that10．Acceptanceisnotaboutlikingasituation.Itisaboutacknowledgingallthathasbeenlostand________tolivewiththatloss.A．learning B．learnedC．tolearn D．havinglearned11．Privatecarswillberequiredtostayoffroadsoneoutoffiveweekdays____thetrafficpressure.A．toreduce B．reducing C．reduced D．reduce12．Aheartylaughrelievesphysicaltension,_____yourmusclesrelaxedforoverhalfanhour.A．toleave B．left C．leaving D．leave13．______forthefireatNotreDamedeParis,achurchfamousforitslargecollectionofarttreasures,Iwouldbethereforavisitthissummervacation.A．Haditnotbeen B．ShoulditnotbeC．Wereitnotbe D．Ifhaditnotbeen14．---Whydidn’tyouhelpthelittleboy?---Oh,hehadstruggledtohisfeet______Icouldrunoverandofferedanyhelp.A．before B．afterC．when D．since15．Nostudent________gooutofschooltohavelunchwithoutpermissionoftheheadteacher.A．might B．mustC．shall D．could16．---HasJohneverbrokenhispromise?---No.Forexample,hesaidhewouldshowmearoundhisschool,and.A．sowouldheB．sodidheC．sohewouldD．sohedid17．Backwardsomewhattechnologically________weareforthemoment,wehaveconfidenceinourabilitytocatchupintime.A．althoughB．ifC．asD．once18．Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises19．—Guesswhat!Icameacrossanoldfriendatthestationlastweekend.—I’msureyoutalkedwithhimhappily.A．Soundsgood! B．Verywell.C．Hownice! D．Allright.20．Insteadofmakingchoicesfortheirchildren,liberalparentsusuallysay,“Gowhereyou________.”A．will B．shouldC．can D．must第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）SeveralJobsThatWillBeAutomatedByArtificialIntelligence(AI)AndRobotsTranslatorImagerecognitionsoftwareandvoicerecognitionsoftwarearebringingsomemajoradvancestolanguagetranslation．ApplicationslikeGoogle’sWordLenscantranslatewordsfromsignsanddocumentsinrealtimeandtherearealotoftranslationappsthatallowyoutotypeinawordorphraseandwilltranslateitforyou．Somewillevenspeakthephraseforyouandrawword-to-wordtranslationwillbefullyautomatedsoon．FastfoodworkersAutomatedorderingboothshavealreadymadetheirwayintoafewMcDonald’srestaurantsaroundtheworld，andcookingpositionscouldberemovednext．Theboothsprobablycan’thandlecustomerserviceproblemswell，sotelevideosystemscouldbringinanofficeemployeetodealwithcomplaints．FieldtechnicianNewadvancesintheInternetofThingscouldmakethisworkobsolete.Low-costsensorscombinedwithhighavailabilitycellular／satellitecommunicationsandcloudtechnologyarebeingstartedtoautomateandalarmthesesites,andcanbecheckedandmaintainedfromadesktopormobiledevice.SalesrepresentativeBut,e-commerceischanginghowwemakepurchasingdecisions,especiallythosewherethereisn’tmuchdifferentiationamongthemajorcompetitors.Ifyou’resellingahigh-differentiationproductand／orahigh-price,low-volumeproductyouhavesomejobsecurity,butifyou’resellingahigh-volume,low-differentiationproduct,youbetterstartpolishingyourresume,saidDougCamplejohn,CEOofFliptop.“Thesekindofproductsalesareallmovingonline.”1、WhatcanGoogle’sWordLensdo?A．Translatebyimageandvoicerecognitionsoftware.B．Speakthephraseorwordforyou.C．Makereal-timetranslation.D．Allowyoutotypeinawordorphrase.2、Whatcanweinferfromthesecondpart?A．Alltherestaurantsownautomatedorderingbooths.B．Serviceproblemscan’tbehandledautomatically.C．CookswillnotbeautomatedbyAIandrobots.D．CustomerswillhavenocomplaintsbecauseofAI．3、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obsolete”meaninPart3?A．Abandoned.B．Welcome.C．Forbidden.D．Efficient.4、Whatdoestheauthormeanby“youbetterstartpolishingyourresume”inthelastparagraph?A．Youmustvalueyourpresentwork.B．Youhavesomejobsecurity.C．Yourresumeneedscorrectingfurther.D．Youshouldconsiderchangingthejob.22．（8分）Smile!Itmakeseveryoneintheroomfeelbetterbecausethey,consciouslyorunconsciously,aresmilingwithyou.Growingevidenceshowsthataninstinctforfacialmimicry(模仿)allowsustoempathizewithandevenexperienceotherpeople’sfeelings.Ifwecan’tmirroranotherperson’sface,itlimitsourabilitytoreadandproperlyreacttotheirexpressions.AreviewofthisemotionalmirroringappearsonFebruary11inTrendsinCognitiveSciences.Intheirpaper,PaulaNiedenthalandAdrienneWood,socialpsychologistsattheUniversityofWisconsin,describehowpeopleinsocialsituationscopyothers’facialexpressionstocreateemotionalresponsesinthemselves.Forexample,ifyou’rewithafriendwholookssad,youmight“tryon”thatsadfaceyourselfwithoutrealizingyou’redoingso.In“tryingon”yourfriend’sexpression,ithelpsyoutorecognizewhatthey’refeelingbyassociatingitwithtimesinthepastwhenyoumadethatexpression.Humansgetthisemotionalmeaningfromfacialexpressionsinamatterofonlyafewhundredmilliseconds.“Youreflectonyouremotionalfeelingsandthenyougeneratesomesortofrecognitionjudgment,andthemostimportantthingthatresultsinisthatyoutaketheappropriateaction—youapproachthepersonoryouavoidtheperson,”Niedenthalsays.“Yourownemotionalreactiontothefacechangesyourperceptionofhowyouseethefaceinsuchawaythatprovidesyouwithmoreinformationaboutwhatitmeans.”Aperson’sabilitytorecognizeand“share”others’emotionscanbepreventedwhentheycan’tmimicfaces.Thisisacommoncomplaintforpeoplewithmotordiseases,likefacialparalysis(瘫痪)fromastroke,orevenduetonervedamagefromplasticsurgery.Niedenthalnotesthatthesamewouldnotbetrueforpeoplewhosufferfromparalysisfrombirth,becauseifyou’veneverhadtheabilitytomimicfacialexpressions,youwillhavedevelopedcompensatorywaysofinterpretingemotions.Peoplewithsocialdisordersassociatedwithmimicryoremotion-recognitiondamage,likeautism(自闭症),canexperiencesimilarchallenges.“Therearesomesymptomsinautismwherelackoffacialmimicrymayinpartbeduetolimitationofeyecontact,”Niedenthalsays.Niedenthalnextwantstoexplorewhatpartinthebrainisfunctioningtohelpwithfacialexpressionrecognition.Abetterunderstandingofthatpart,shesays,willgiveusabetterideaofhowtotreatrelateddisorders.1、Accordingtothepassage,facialmimicryhelps________.A．experienceone’sownfeelingsclearly B．changeothers’emotionsquicklyC．respondtoothers’expressionsproperly D．developfriendshipwithotherseasily2、WecanknowfromParagraph4and5that________.A．peoplewithmotordiseasesmayalsosufferfromautismB．peoplebornwithfacialparalysismaystillrecognizeemotionsC．peoplewithsocialdisorderscan’thaveeyecontactwithothersD．peoplereceivingplasticsurgeryhavedifficultyinmimickingfaces3、AccordingtoNiedenthal,thenextstepofthestudywillfocuson________.A．howwecantreatbraindisordersB．whatcanbedonetoregainfacialmimicryC．howourbrainhelpsuswithemotionalmirroringD．whatpartofourbrainhelpsrecognizefacialexpression4、Thepassageiswrittento________.A．discusshowpeoplereactpositivelytoothers’smilesB．drawpeople’sattentiontothosewithsocialdisordersC．introduceanewtrendinfacialexpressionrecognitionD．explainhowemotionalmirroringaffectspeople’sempathy23．（8分）“Sorryseemstobethehardestword”—thatisoneofEltonJohnsmostpopularsongs.Butnoteverypublicfigureseemstofinditsotoughtosaythatpowerfulfive-letterword.Inrecentdayspublicfigures,frompoliticianstostars,haveallpubliclyexpressedremorse.Butwithsomuchremorse,howcanwetellaforcedapologyfromaheartfeltexpressionofremorse?Specifically,sayingsorryshouldbearealizationthatsomethingyouhavesaidordonehashurtsomeoneandyouwanttomakeamends.“Peoplewantstheresponsetobepersonaltothem.Theywanttofeelthatthey’rebeinglistenedtoandtakenseriously,”saysMartinStone.Firstly,itisimportanttoshowthatyouunderstand.Itisvitalthatanygrouporapersonmakinganapologyunderstandsthefocus—isitsorryforthewayit’sactedorisitsorrythatthecomplainantfeelsthewaytheydo?Watchoutforthespeedofresponse.Thequickertheapologycomes,thebetteritindicatesthatthepersonmakingithasfeltanimmediatesenseofguilt.Ifsincere,thepersonmakingtheapologywillbelookingforclues(线索)toseeifheorsheisbeingunderstood,suchaseyecontactandfacialexpressions.Performedapologiesalwayshaveasenseofbeing“actedout”,andareoftenaccompaniedbytoomanyunnaturalgestures.Forasincereapology,itisalsoimportanttoavoidpromisesthatcan’tbekept.Don’tsaythatyou’llmakesurethatthiswillnothappenagainifyourenotconfidentthatitwont.Itcouldcomebacktobiteyou.Anddorememberthattheuseof“but”canhugelychangethetone(语气)ofanapology.AsStonepointsout,“I’msorrybut...”soundslikeyouaremakingexcusesandaren’tactuallytakinganyformofresponsibility.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“remorse”probablymean?A．Feelings. B．Appereciation. C．Regret. D．Sympathy.2、Whichofthefollowingindicatesit’saperformedapology?A．Swearingitwillnothappenagain. B．Avoidingeyecontactwiththelistener.C．Showingyouunderstandhis/herfeelings. D．Payingattentiontothelistener’sreaction.3、Whatisstressedinthelastparagraph?A．Theattitude. B．Thetoneofvoice.C．Thebodylanguage. D．Thechoiceoflanguage.4、Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Toexplainwhatagoodapologyis.B．Todiscusshowtogiveaformalapology.C．Toshowwhyweshouldapologizeinlife.D．Toteachushowtotellifanapologyissincere.24．（8分）Istoppedtowatchmylittlegirlbusyplayinginherroom.Inonehandwasaplastic

phone

;intheotheratoy.Ilistenedasshewasspeakingtohermake-believelittlefriendandI’llneverforgetthewordsshesaid,eventhoughitwasimagined.Shesaid,“Suzie’sinthecornerbecauseshe’snotbeenverygood.Shedidn’tlistentoa

word

Isaidordothethingssheshould.”Inthecorner

Isawherbabydollwelldressed.Itwasobviousthatshe’dbeenputtheretositaloneandthink

.Mydaughter

continued

her“conversation”,asIsatdownonthefloor.Shesaid,“I’mallfedupandIjustdon’tknowwhat

todowithheranymore.ShecrieswheneverIhavetoworkandwantstoplaygamestoo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes,butherarmsjustcannotreach...Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.Idon’thavethe

time

toteach.Ihavealotofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay-

don’tyouknow

whatImean?”AndthatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsome

changesinmylife,afterlisteningtoherinnocentwordscutmelikeaknife.Ihadn’tbeenpayingenoughattentiontowhatIholdmost

dear.I’dbeencaughtupinresponsibilitiesthatincreased

throughouttheyears.Butnowmy

attitude

haschangedbecauseinmyheartIrealizethatI’veseentheworldinadifferentlightthroughmylittledarling’seyes.Soletthecobwebs(蜘蛛网)cut

thecornersandthedustbunnyrabbitrulethefloor.I’mnotgoingtoworryaboutkeepingupwiththem

anymore.I’mgoingtofillthehousewith

memories

ofachildandhermother,forwehaveonlyonechildhoodandwewillnevergetanother.1、WhoisSuzie?A．Thegirl’sphone. B．Thegirl’sfriend.C．Theauthor. D．Ababydoll.2、Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenhearingherlittlegirl’swords?A．Interested. B．Uncomfortable.C．Moved. D．Unbelievable.3、Thepassageleadsustobelievethat__________.A．thelittlegirldoesn’thatehermotheranymore.B．theauthorhasbecomelazybecauseofherdaughter.C．theauthorcaresnothingaboutherdaughter’shappiness.D．theauthorwantsherlittlegirltohaveahappychildhood.4、Whatmightbethebesttitle?A．Onlyonechildhood. B．Mylovelydaughter.C．Howtodealwithmydaughter. D．Aworldofchildren.25．（10分）ItusedtobeamatteroffactwhenPeterPan—acharacterfromJamesMatthewBarrie’s1911book—said:“Allchildren,exceptone,growup.”Butthis“fact”doesn’tseemtoapplytotoday’sworldanymore.AccordingtotheNPDGroup,aUSmarketresearchcompany,salesoftoystoadultsintheUKincreasedbymorethan20percentin2016,threetimesthepaceofthechildren’stoymarketitself.ThesetoysrangedfrompuzzlesandLegobuildingsetstovehiclemodelsandactionfigures.Andmorethanhalfofthesalescamefrommillennials—peoplebornbetweenthe1980sand2000s.“Adultsofthe21stcenturyarechannelingtheirinnerchild,onetoyatatime,”commentedwebsiteKoreaboo.Thisisalsowhytheseadultsaresometimesreferredtoas“kidults”.AccordingtoFrederiqueTutt,ananalystatNPD,themotivationofthesegrown-upsistoescapethestressoftoday’sfast-pacedworld.Theyaredriventowardthemoreimmediatepleasuresbroughtbytoysthanthosebroughtby,say,gettingapromotion,whichisfarlesseasytoachieve.“Itremindsmeoftheplayfulsideoflife,”RobWillner,a25-year-oldPhDstudentintheUK,toldTheTelegraphwhentalkingabouthisloveforLego,whichhesaidbringshimbothcomfortandentertainment.Despitethis,somesocialscientistsseethetrendasdisturbing.ToFrankFurendi,aprofessorattheUniversityofKentintheUK,thefactthatsomanyadultsarepursuing“thethrillsofyouth”istheevidencethat“adulthoodhasgotnothingattractiveaboutitanymore”,hetoldTheNewYorkTimes.“That’sactuallyquitesad.”Butscientistsareprobablyjustworryingtoomuch.AccordingtoCanadiancomicbookartistToddMcFarlane,collectingtoyscouldsimplybeawayforpeopletoexpresstheirindividuality.“It’sjustpopculturestuff.It’sstuffthatsays,‘IlikealittleofthisandIlikealittleofthat’,”hetoldABCNews.“It’snobigdeal.”Sonowthatover100yearshavepassedsincePeterPan,perhapsit’stimetointroduceanew“fact”,asstatedinthetagline(标语)oftheUKfashionbrandKIDULT:“Growingoldismandatory(被迫的),butgrowingupisoptional.”1、Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph2imply?A．Somethingoldisnotsuitableforanewworld.B．Manyadultsstillhavesomechildlikefeatures.C．Allchildrengrowupastheybecomeadults.D．It’sdifficultforsomechildrentogrowupintoday’sworld.2、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A．FrederiqueTuttbelievesthatsomeadultsenjoyplayingwithchildren’stoystoescapethestress.B．RobWillnerbelievesthatthepleasurebroughtbytoysiseasiertoachieve.C．FrankFurendibelievesthatthethrillofyouthdoesnotattractadults.D．ToddMcFarlaneisworryingtoomuchaboutcollectingtoys.3、Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsthetrendofgrowingkidults?A．Supportive.B．Doubtful.C．Critical.D．Indifferent.4、Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．GrowingOldOrGrowingUpB．ToysSalesOnTheRiseC．StayingYoungForeverD．KidultsInFashionAgain第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）Whatwouldyoudoifyouhad$5,butwerelimitedtotwohourstomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible?Buyalotteryticket.Whilethisisthemost1suggestionfrompeople,itmeansasignificantriskinreturnfora2chance.TinaSelling,whoinventedthe3forherstudentsofStanfordUniversity,hasa4storytotell.Sellinggaveeachofthefourteenteamsasealedenvelopethatcontainsfivedollarsof“seedfunding”.Theywere,5tospendasmuchtimeplanning,butoncetheyhad6theenvelopetheythenhadtwohourstomakeasmuchmoneyaspossible.Thenextweek,eachteamwereto7theirprojectinathree-minutepresentation.It8thatmostofthe14teamsdidn’tusethefivedollars9.Theyrealizedthatfocusingonthe10actuallylimitedthewayofsolvingtheproblemtootightly.Theyunderstoodthatfivedollarsisessentially11anddecidedtoreinterprettheproblemmore12:whatcanbedoneif13withabsolutelynothing?Theaverage14onthefivedollarinvestmentwas4,000times!Sowhatdidthey15do?Oneteamstartedastandoncampustocheckthebiketire16forfreeandcharged$1torefilltires.Anotherteammade17atbusyrestaurantsandthensoldeachofthemforuptotwentydollarstocustomerswhodidn’twantto18line.Theteamwhomadethegreatest19soldtheirpresentationtimetoacompanythatwantedtoemploythemtoadvertise.They20agoodbusinessforthatcompanyinthethree-minutepresentationandbroughtin$650,000.1、A．fancyB．usefulC．commonD．interesting2、A．slimB．bigC．hopefulD．possible3、A．formB．challengeC．planD．method4、A．funnyB．shockingC．dullD．cool5、A．advisedB．forcedC．permittedD．determined6、A．openedB．lostC．gotD．posted7、A．studyB．completeC．reportD．limit8、A．pointedoutB．turnedoutC．broughtaboutD．cameabout9、A．atallB．afterallC．accidentallyD．strangely10、A．envelopeB．resultC．classroomD．money11、A．anythingB．somethingC．nothingD．everything12、A．accuratelyB．broadlyC．patientlyD．slowly13、A．dealingB．workingC．meetingD．beginning14、A．numberB．returnC．expenseD．score15、A．actuallyB．roughlyC．merelyD．generally16、A．airB．qualityC．pressureD．size17、A．snacksB．decisionsC．appointmentsD．reservations18、A．sitB．takeC．serveD．wait19、A．profitB．progressC．promiseD．present20、A．hadB．createdC．soldD．ran第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分））China’sindustrialoutputisexpectedtorisebyaround6.5percentthisyear,markingthebest1．(perform)since2010,2．theMadeinChina2025strategy(策略)helpstoraiseproductivityandrevenue(税收).Theincreaseis0.5percentagepoints3．(high)thanthetargetedgrowth,partly4．(drive)bystrongeffortstoincreasetheuseofnewtechnologyattraditionalenterprises(企业),MiaoWeisaidonMonday.“Thecountry’sindustrialeconomyhasmaintainedsteadyandsoundgrowththanks5．theMadeinChina2025strategy.Itpromotedthecombinationofmanufacturingandnewtechnologiessuchas6．Internet,bigdataandcloudcomputing,”Minaadded.Theministryalsopredictedthatthecountry’sindustrialoutputwouldbelikely7．(grow)byaround6percentnextyear,withrevenuefromthetelecommunications,Internet,andsoftwareandinformationtechnologyservice8．(increase)by50percent,30percentand13percent,respectively.AccordingtoMiao,thecountrywillalsopublishpolicies9．promotingthedevelopmentofdigitaleconomy.Officialdatashowthatthecountry’sdigitaleconomyaddedupto22.58trillionyuanlastyear,rankingsecond10．(global)andaccountingforaround30percentofnationalGDP.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2、只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。WearegoingtohaveaChineselessonintheschoolbookbarnextweek、Consideredwestudentsarenowbusypreparingforit,IsuggesttoreadingsomearticlesaboutTangDynastyinadvance、ThemainlyaimofourlessonistolearnthepoetryofTangDynasty、ThatisuniversallyacknowledgedthatthepoetryofTangDynastyisoneofthesolidfoundationofourculture、Anumberoftalentedpoetsshowedtheirviewsthesociety、Theyalsoexpressedtheirappreciationofthebeautifulofourmotherland、Throughthelesson,wecanbroadenourhorizonsbuthaveabetterknowledge