上海市黄浦区2021届高三一模英语试卷(含答案)

高三英语试卷第高三英语试卷第页共10页高三英语试卷第高三英语试卷第6页共10页Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?Themaincharacterisprobablyajournalistwritingblogsaboutroyalmembers.Themaincharacterisalwaysbusyeditingplentyofmaterialaboutherself.Theauthorsprobablyhadchancestogetthenotesorcorrectnessfromthemaincharacter.Randolphisprobablyanassistantorasecretarytothemaincharacter.Whydoesthemaincharacterrecallthetimesheatejelliesandicecream?Shewishesthatshewerestillachildsothatshecouldeatjelliesandicecream.Sheisremindedofthesefoodsbecausethethoughtofatrainjourneyremindsherofthem.Shewishesshestillknewwherethehandsometrainwaiterwas.Today'schildrenaren'tallowedtoeatthesamethingsthatsheateasachild.A'"SpartanmenU,(paragraph4wouldmostlikely.havemainlylowfat,healthyfoodsB.besuitableforaromanticdinnerC.includearangeofsweets,butnojellyD.includefoodswhichareeasytotransportWhatismostlikelytohappennextinthispassage?ThemaincharacterwillpractiseherspeechforgreetingtheMayorofAlwoy.Themaincharacterwilldecidetotakearailjourney.Randolphwillsendsomeemailstothemaincharacter.Themaincharacterwillupdateherblogontheinternet.(B)Canalshavetobebuiltonalevel,otherwisethewaterdrainsoutofthemandthecanalbecomesuseless.Thiswasthegreatproblemfacingtheearlycanalbuilders,andtheyovercameitindifferentways.TheearlyengineerslikeJamesBrindleysimplyfollowedtheoutlinesofthecountrysideandkepttheircanalsleveleventhoughitoftenmeantchoosingveryroundaboutroutes.Laterengineers,suchasThomasTelford,developedanewtechniqueknownas‘cutandfill'inwhichtheyfixedalevelthroughveryaccuratesurveying.Thisallowedthemtofillinthehollowsonaroutewiththeexactamountofsoiltheytookfromthehigherground.Bythismethod,verydirectroutescouldbetaken,whichcutdownthetimeofajourneyveryconsiderably.AgoodexampleofthistypeofcanalisTelford'sLiverpoolandBirminghamJunctionCanal,whichhebeganin1826toprovideadirectroutefromtheMidlandstotheRiverMersey.Itwasseldompossibletobuildacompletelylevelcanal,ofcourse,whichevermethodwasused,andmostcanalswereprovidedwithlocksinwhichbargeswereraisedorloweredtonewlevels.Ifyoulookatthediagramontheright,youcanseeabargebeingraisedinalockbymeansofwaterwhichwasallowedintothelockbasin,orpound,fromtheupperlevelofthecanal.Whenabargehadtobelowered,waterwasallowedoutofthepoundintothelowerlevelofthecanal.belowtheleveltofillthehollowearthcutfromabovethelevellevelA(B)Canalshavetobebuiltonalevel,otherwisethewaterdrainsoutofthemandthecanalbecomesuseless.Thiswasthegreatproblemfacingtheearlycanalbuilders,andtheyovercameitindifferentways.TheearlyengineerslikeJamesBrindleysimplyfollowedtheoutlinesofthecountrysideandkepttheircanalsleveleventhoughitoftenmeantchoosingveryroundaboutroutes.Laterengineers,suchasThomasTelford,developedanewtechniqueknownas‘cutandfill'inwhichtheyfixedalevelthroughveryaccuratesurveying.Thisallowedthemtofillinthehollowsonaroutewiththeexactamountofsoiltheytookfromthehigherground.Bythismethod,verydirectroutescouldbetaken,whichcutdownthetimeofajourneyveryconsiderably.AgoodexampleofthistypeofcanalisTelford'sLiverpoolandBirminghamJunctionCanal,whichhebeganin1826toprovideadirectroutefromtheMidlandstotheRiverMersey.Itwasseldompossibletobuildacompletelylevelcanal,ofcourse,whichevermethodwasused,andmostcanalswereprovidedwithlocksinwhichbargeswereraisedorloweredtonewlevels.Ifyoulookatthediagramontheright,youcanseeabargebeingraisedinalockbymeansofwaterwhichwasallowedintothelockbasin,orpound,fromtheupperlevelofthecanal.Whenabargehadtobelowered,waterwasallowedoutofthepoundintothelowerlevelofthecanal.belowtheleveltofillthehollowearthcutfromabovethelevellevelACutandfillbargeenterspound*合bsrgeis*lorijrn郭rowwith舟flatbottom.Bargesareusedforcarryingheavyloads,espe匚iallyonriversandcanals.2.bargeraisediripound3.bar^emovestotoplevel▲AlockBrindley'scanalswerelessefficient,mostlikelybecause.hewasnotagoodcanalengineerthetechniquesandskillsavailableatthetimewereuselesshiscanalswerebuilttokeepthewaterdrainsoutD.theyhadtoomanyroundaboutroutesAccordingtothispassage,whywasthe‘cutandfill'techniquedesigned?Theoutlinesofthelandcouldnotbefolloweddirectly.Itcouldmaketravellingdistancesshorterandsavejourneytime.Newsurveyingtechniqueshadbeeninventedsuccessfully.D.ThedistancebetweentheMidlandsandRiverMerseyisgreat.Locksareneededincanalsto.helpboatstotravelinbothdirectionskeepwaterlevelschangingallthetimeallowlargeshipstotravelincanalsD.transferboatsacrossdifferingwaterlevels(C)Intheancientworld,thepracticeofmedicinewasinescapablylinkedtosupernaturalbeliefandmagic.ThatwasuntiltheGreeksmadeadvancesinthefieldandbrilliantfiguressuchasHippocrateslaidthefoundationsforourmedicinetoday.Recognizedasthefatherofmodernmedicine,Hippocratesrealisedwhatseemsobvioustoustoday—thattheobservationandnotingofsymptomsisprimary.HetravelledacrossGreeceteachingmedicine,encouragingtheviewthatdiseasehadphysical,notsupernatural,explanations.MedicalstudentsstilltaketheHippocraticOath,aformalpromisemadebynewdoctorsthattheywillfollowthestandardssetbytheirprofessionandtrytopreservelife,swearingtousetheirskillstohealanddonoharm.OneofHippocrates'theorieswasofthe‘fourhumours',abeliefthatdiseasewascausedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidssupposedlycontainedinthehumanbody—blood,phlegm,andblackandyellowbile(aliquidproducedbyyourorganwhichhelpsyoutodigestfat).Blood-lettingwasacommonresponsetoillnessandwasuseduntilonly150yearsagointhemistakenbeliefthatitwouldrestorethebody'sinternalbalance.ButwhiletheGreeksmayhavebeenwrongaboutthebleedingandthebile,theywerestillthefirstcivilizationtounderstandthatdiseasescouldbetreatedbyusingcarefulobservationandlogicalthought.Aristotle,politicaltheorist,philosopherandteacher,alsostudiedthenaturalworldfromascientificpointofview.Hewasthefirsttoclassifyorganisms,andalthoughhismethodmayseemsimplenow,hedividedthemintotwobasiccategories,aseitherplantoranimal—hewasthefirsttodoso.Aristotlevaluedexperimentationanddiscoveredthatevaporation,theprocessofbecomingavapour,turnedsaltwaterintofreshwater.Hewasalsoabelieverinthetheorythatallmatteriscomposedoffourelements—fire,earth,waterandair.Hippocratesbelievedthefourhumours,relatedtothefourliquidsinthebody,wereeachinlinewithanorgan,aseasonandwithdifferentmoods.ThefourwerebasedontheGreeks'ideaoffourbaseelements(air,water,fire,earth).Althoughdiscreditednow,thehumoursformedthebasisofwesternmedicineuntilthe18thcentury.Theywere:-Bloodfromtheliver:associatedwithSpring;withcourageandhope-Phlegmfrombrainandlungs:Winter;calmandunemotional-Yellowbilefromgallbladder(胆囊):Summer;angerandbadtemper-Blackbilefromspleen(脾脏)：Autumn;withblueanddarkmoodWhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?ItwastheGreeksthatmadeadvancesinthefieldofpracticeofmedicineintheancientworld.TheHippocraticOathisaformalpromisemadebynewdoctorstosweartheirresponsibilities.Hippocratesthoughtdiseasewascausedbyanimbalanceofthefourliquidscontainedinthehumanbody.Hippocrateswasthefirsttobelievediseasescouldbetreatedbycarefulobservationandlogicalthought.Thepracticeofblood-lettingwasbasedonthebeliefthat.thebloodwaspollutedbyvirusesthehumanbodywasnotevenlybalancedthepatientwasinabadhumourtoomuchbloodwasbadforpeopleHowdidAristotlefindoutthatsaltwatercanbeturnedintofreshwater?Hestudiedmanybooksfromascientificpointofview.Hedrewtheconclusionaccordingtothetwobasiccategories.Hemadethediscoverybasedonconductingexperimentshimself.Hebelievedthatallmatterconsistsoffourbaseelements.WhyisHippocratesconsideredthefounderofmodernmedicine?Heprovedthattherearefourbaseelementsinallmatterintheworld.Heshowedtheprocedureofhowthefourbodilyliquidsaffectedmoods.Heinsistedthatalmostalldiseaseshadsupernaturalexplanations.D.Herecognizedtheimportanceoftheobservationandnotingofsymptoms.SectionCDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Currentevidencesuggeststhatmanyofthesebenefitscontinueintoadulthood.Toincreasephysicalactivityforadolescents,theauthorsneedtoidentifythemanycausesandinequities.Theauthorssaythatlevelsofinsufficientphysicalactivityinadolescentscontinuetobeextremelyhigh.Toimprovelevelsofphysicalactivityamongadolescents,thestudyprovidessomerecommendationsasfollows.Theauthorsnotethatadolescents'participationinphysicalactivitywillcontinueintoadulthood.Thestudyhighlightsthatyoungpeoplehavetherighttoplayandshouldbeprovidedwiththeopportunitiestorealizetheirrighttophysicalandmentalhealthandwellbeing.AdolescentsWorldwideNotSufficientlyPhysicallyActiveNewWHO-ledstudysaysmajorityofadolescentsworldwidearenotsufficientlyphysicallyactive,puttingtheircurrentandfuturehealthatrisk.67“Urgentpolicyactiontoincreasephysicalactivityisneedednow,particularlytopromoteandkeepupgiris'participationinphysicalactivity,”saysstudyauthorDrReginaGuthold,WHO.Thehealthbenefitsofaphysicallyactivelifestyleduringadolescenceincludeimprovedheartandlungsfitness,bonehealthandpositiveeffectsonweight.Thereisalsogrowingevidencethatphysicalactivityhasapositiveimpactoncognitivedevelopmentandsocializing.68Toachievethesebenefits,theWHOrecommendsforadolescentstodomoderateorvigorousphysicalactivityforanhourormoreeachday.Theauthorsestimated80percentofteensdonotmeetthisrecommendationbyanalysingdatacollectedthroughschool-basedsurveysonphysicalactivitylevels.Urgentscalingupisneededofknowneffectivepoliciesandprogrammestoincreasephysicalactivityinadolescents.Multisectoralactionisneededtoofferopportunitiesforyoungpeopletobeactive,involvingeducation,urbanplanning,roadsafetyandothers.Thehighestlevelsofsociety,includingnational,cityandlocalleaders,shouldpromotetheimportanceofphysicalactivityforthehealthandwell-beingofallpeople,includingadolescents.Strongpoliticalwillandactioncanaddressthefactthatfourineveryfiveadolescentsdonotexperiencetheenjoymentandsocial,physical,andmentalhealthbenefitsofregularphysicalactivity.Policymakersandstakeholdersshouldbeencouragedtoactnowforthehealthofthisandfutureyounggenerations.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.Singapore'sInformationTechnologyStrategySingapore'sinformationtechnologystrategyrestsontwomajorlegs.Thefirstlegisworld-classbasicfacilities.Beingacity-state,itisrelativelyeasytoconnecteveryhome,officeandhotelroom.Ourobjectiveistoprovidebroad-bandeverywhere,eitherwiredorwireless.Wewillmakeitareadilyavailableutilitylikewater,electricity,gasandtelephone.Wearewellonourwaythere.Wenowrequire,byregulation,everynewhometobeequippedwithbroad-bandinthesamewayasitisrequiredtohavewaterandelectricity.ThesecondlegistheeducationofourentirepopulationinIT(informationtechnology).Likereading,writingandarithmetic,computersarebestlearntwhenweareyoung.Today'schildrencanclickthemousefasterthanwecanblink.Inmanycountries,childrenofmiddle-classfamilieshavenodifficultywiththisnewtechnology.But,withoutspecialeffort,thereisadangerthatchildrenofpoorerfamilieswillmissoutontheopportunitytolearnIT.Likethepianoandviolin,onecanstilllearnthecomputerasanadult.Butrarelydoesoneacquirethesamefacility.ThestrategyinSingaporeisthereforetoteachinformationtechnologytoeverychildregardlessofhisfamilybackground.TheEducationMinistrynowhasamulti-billiondollarprogrammetoprovideonecomputerforevery2schoolchildreninSingaporefromfirstgradeonwards.Everyteacherwillhaveanotebook.MostSingaporeansnowunderstandtheimportanceofIT,ifnotforthemselves,atleastfortheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Over40%ofhouseholdsinSingaporenowownPCs.Overone-thirdofhouseholdsinSingaporealreadyenjoyaccesstoInternet.WhatwewantisforeverySingaporeantobecomputerliteratesothathecanfunctioneffectivelyinanybank,factoryorrestaurant,justasonewouldexpectanemployeetobeabletoread,writeandcount.AnemployerinSingaporeinthefutureshouldnothavetoworrythathisemployeedoesnotknowhowtouseacomputerortheInternet.第II卷(共40分)TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。(permit)端午时节吃粽子、赛龙舟是我们的习俗。(It)尽管该项目困难重重，但有当地政府和企业的共同努力定能取得进展。(progress)园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which)GuidedWritingDirections:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生张华，在某英语报上看到一则报道，说某偏远山区的贫困村庄盛产红茶，但由于交通不便、信息不畅，导致销售不利，影响了村民的收入。现号召广大读者出谋划策。请你写一封信给英语报。在信中，你必须：就如何帮助该村庄销售茶叶、脱贫致富提出建议；说明你的理由。黄浦区2020学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试

英语试卷参考答案I.ListeningComprehension1-5CDBABI.ListeningComprehe