年全国硕士生入学统一考试英语试题及答案18

PAGE184 1986-2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案 PAGE大家网深情奉献！ 作者：阁明俊19-1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题SectionI:StructureandVocabularyPartADirections:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebrackets.(5points)1. Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften________,orbetterthananactualperformance.[A]asgoodas[B]asgood[C]good[D]goodas2. Mypain________apparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:“Areyoufeelingallright?”[A]mustbe[B]had[C]musthavebeen[D]hadtobe3. Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme________shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.[A]eversince[B]muchas[C]eventhough[D]ifonly4. Observationsweremade________thechildrenatthebeginningandattheendofpre-schoolandfirstgrade.[A]towards[B]of[C]on[D]with5. Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each________onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.[A]makes[B]made[C]istomake[D]making6. Asafetyanalysis________thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.[A]wouldidentify[B]willidentify[C]wouldhaveidentified[D]willhaveidentified7. Thenumberofregisteredparticipantsinthisyear’smarathonwashalf________.[A]oflastyear’s[B]thoseoflastyear’s[C]ofthoseoflastyear[D]thatoflastyear’s8. Forthere________successfulcommunication,theremustbeattentivenessandinvolvementinthediscussionitselfbyallpresent.[A]is[B]tobe[C]willbe[D]being9. TherewasaveryinterestingremarkinabookbyanEnglishmanthatIreadrecently________whathethoughtwasareasonforthisAmericancharacteristic.[A]giving[B]gave[C]togive[D]given10. Noonewouldhavetimetoreadorlistentoanaccountofeverything________goingonintheworld.[A]itis[B]asis[C]thereis[D]whatisPartBDirections:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedpartsmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofthesentencethatisincorrectandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(5points)11. I’dratheryouwouldgo[A]bytrain,becauseIcan’tbear[B]theideaofyourbeing[C]inanairplaneinsuch[D]badweather.12. It’sessentialthatpeoplebe[A]psychological[B]abletoresisttheimpactbroughtabout[C]bythetransitionformplanned[D]economytomarketeconomy.13. Somebossesdisliketoallow[A]peopletoshare[B]theirresponsibilities;theykeepall[C]importantmatterstightly[D]intheirownhands.14. Eachcigarettewhichapersonsmokesdoes[A]some[B]harm,andeventuallyyou[C]maygetaseriousdiseasefromits[D]effect.15. Onthewhole[A],ambitiousstudentsaremuchlikely[B]tosucceedintheirstudiesthanarethose[C]with[D]littleambition.16. Despite[A]muchresearch,therearestillcertainelementsin[B]thelifecycleoftheinsectthatis[C]notfullyunderstood[D].17. In1921EinsteinwontheNobelPrize,andwashonored[A]inGermanyuntiltherise[B]ofNazismthen[C]hewasdrivenfrom[D]GermanybecausehewasaJew.18. Thedatareceived[A]fromthetwospacecrafts[B]whirlingaroundMarsindicate[C]thatthereismuchevidencethathugethunderstormsareoccurring[D]abouttheequatoroftheplanet.19. Generallyspeaking,thebirdflyingacross[A]ourpathisobserved,andtheone[B]stayingonthetreenearathand[C]ispassedbywithoutanynoticetaking[D]ofit.20. Mercury’svelocityissomuch[A]greaterthantheEarth’s[B]thatitcompletesmorethanfourrevolutionsaroundtheSuninthetimethat[C]takestheEarthtocompleteone[D].PartC:Directions:Beneatheachofthefollowingsentences,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)21. IwasspeakingtoAnnonthephonewhensuddenlywewere________.[A]hungup[B]hungback[C]cutdown[D]cutoff22. Shewonderedifshecouldhavetheopportunitytospend________heresothatshecouldlearnmoreaboutthecity.[A]sometimes[B]sometime[C]sometime[D]sometimes23. Ms.Greenhasbeenlivingintownforonlyoneyear,yetsheseemstobe________witheveryonewhocomestothestore.[A]accepted[B]admitted[C]admired[D]acquainted24. Hedoesnot________asateacherofEnglishashispronunciationisterrible.[A]equal[B]match[C]qualify[D]fit25. Dozensofscientificgroupsallovertheworldhavebeen________thegoalofapracticalandeconomicwaytousesunlighttosplitwatermolecules.[A]pursuing[B]chasing[C]reaching[D]winning26. Thediscussionwassoprolongedandexhaustingthat________thespeakersstoppedforrefreshments.[A]atlarge[B]atintervals[C]atease[D]atrandom27. Whentravelling,youareadvisedtotaketravellers’checks,whichprovideasecure________tocarryingyourmoneyincash.[A]substitute[B]selection[C]preference[D]alternative28. InevertrustedhimbecauseIalwaysthoughtofhimassucha________character.[A]gracious[B]suspicious[C]unique[D]particular29. Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis________producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.[A]absorption[B]transition[C]consumption[D]interaction30. Ididn’tsayanythinglikethatatall.Youarepurposely________myideastoproveyourpoint.[A]revising[B]contradicting[C]distorting[D]distracting31. Language,culture,andpersonalitymaybeconsidered________ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.[A]indistinctly[B]separately[C]irrelevantly[D]independently32. Watchingmepullingthecalfawkwardlytothebarn,theIrishmilkmaidfoughthardto________herlaughter.[A]holdback[B]holdon[C]holdout[D]holdup33. Themanagergaveoneofthesalesgirlsanaccusinglookforher________attitudetowardcustomers.[A]impartial[B]mild[C]hostile[D]opposing34. I________withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.[A]express[B]confess[C]verify[D]acknowledge35. Itisstrictly________thataccesstoconfidentialdocumentsisdeniedtoallbutafew.[A]secured[B]forbidden[C]regulated[D]determined36. ThepollutionquestionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoingtobediscussedwhentheCongressisin________againnextspring.[A]assembly[B]session[C]conference[D]convention37. ChristmasisaChristianholydayusuallycelebratedonDecember25th________thebirthofJesusChrist.[A]inaccordancewith[B]intermsof[C]infavorof[D]inhonorof38. Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam________tocarryingouttheplan.[A]obliged[B]committed[C]engaged[D]resolved39. Itwasaboldideatobuildapowerstationinthedeepvalley,butit________aswellaswehadhoped.[A]cameoff[B]wentoff[C]broughtout[D]madeout40. Tosurviveintheintensetradecompetitionbetweencountries,wemust________thequalitiesandvarietiesofproductswemaketotheworld-marketdemand.[A]improve[B]enhanced[C]guarantee[D]gearSectionII:CloseTestDirections:Foreachnumberedblankinfollowingpassage,therearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].ChoosethebestoneandmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(10points)Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,__41__dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor__42__foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif__43__ismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomes__44__.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements--usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,and__45__nitrogen.Theyaredifferent__46__theirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitamin__47__oneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.__48__enoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionalusefor__49__vitamins.Manypeople,__50__,believeinbeingonthe“safeside”andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody’svitaminneeds.41. [A]either[B]so[C]nor[D]never42. [A]shifting[B]transferring[C]altering[D]transforming43. [A]any[B]some[C]anything[D]something44. [A]serious[B]apparent[C]severe[D]fatal45. [A]mostly[B]partially[C]sometimes[D]rarely46. [A]inthat[B]sothat[C]suchthat[D]exceptthat47. [A]undertakes[B]holds[C]plays[D]performs48. [A]Supplying[B]Getting[C]Providing[D]Furnishing49. [A]exceptional[B]exceeding[C]excess[D]external50. [A]nevertheless[B]therefore[C]moreover[D]meanwhileSectionIII:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequestions.Foreachquestiontherearefouranswersmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestions.ThenmarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET1byblackeningthecorrespondingletterinthebracketswithapencil.(40points)TextlTight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,yourcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.51. Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?[A]You’llcertainlygetwhatyouwant.[B]It’snousedreaming.[C]Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave.[D]It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.52. [A]blueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas________.[A]anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob[B]anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjob[C]aguidelineforjobdescription[D]aprincipleforjobevaluation53. Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause________.[A]thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer[B]thatistherequirementoftheemployer[C]itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices[D]itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself54. Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomething________.[A]definitetooffer[B]imaginarytoprovide[C]practicaltosupply[D]desirabletopresentText2WiththestartofBBCWorldServiceTelevision,millionsofviewersinAsiaandAmericacannowwatchtheCorporation’snewscoverage,aswellaslistentoit.AndofcourseinBritainlistenersandviewerscantuneintotwoBBCtelevisionchannels,fiveBBCnationalradioservicesanddozensoflocalradiostation.Theyarebroughtsport,comedy,drama,music,newsandcurrentaffairs,education,religion,parliamentarycoverage,children’sprogrammesandfilmsforanannuallicensefeeof83poundsperhousehold.Itisaremarkablerecord,stretchingbackover70years--yettheBBC’sfutureisnowindoubt.TheCorporationwillsurviveasapublicly-fundedbroadcastingorganization,atleastforthetimebeing,butitsrole,itssizeanditsprogrammesarenowthesubjectofanation-widedebateinBritain.ThedebatewaslaunchedbytheGovernment,whichinvitedanyonewithanopinionoftheBBC--includingordinarylistenersandviewers--tosaywhatwasgoodorbadabouttheCorporation,andevenwhethertheythoughtitwasworthkeeping.ThereasonforitsinquiryisthattheBBC’sroyalcharterrunsoutin1996anditmustdecidewhethertokeeptheorganizationasitis,ortomakechanges.DefendersoftheCorporation--ofwhomtherearemany--arefondofquotingtheAmericanslogan“Ifitain’tbroke,don’tfixit.”TheBBC“ain’tbroke,”theysay,bywhichtheymeanitisnotbroken(asdistinctfromtheword‘broke’,meaninghavingnomoney),sowhybothertochangeit?YettheBBCwillhavetochange,becausethebroadcastingworldarounditischanging.ThecommercialTVchannels--TVandChannel4--wererequiredbytheThatcherGovernment’sBroadcastingActtobecomemorecommercial,competingwitheachotherforadvertisers,andcuttingcostsandjobs.Butitisthearrivalofnewsatellitechannels--fundedpartlybyadvertisingandpartlybyviewers’subscriptions--whichwillbringaboutthebiggestchangesinthelongterm.55. TheworldfamousBBCnowfaces________.[A]theproblemofnewcoverage[B]anuncertainprospect[C]inquiriesbythegeneralpublic[D]shrinkageofaudience56. Inthepassage,whichofthefollowingabouttheBBCisNOTmentionedasthekeyissue?[A]ExtensionofitsTVservicetoFarEast.[B]Programmesasthesubjectofanation-widedebate.[C]Potentialsforfurtherinternationalco-operations.[D]Itsexistenceasabroadcastingorganization.57. TheBBC’s“royalcharter”(Line4,Paragraph3)standsfor________.[A]thefinancialsupportfromtheroyalfamily[B]theprivilegesgrantedbytheQueen[C]acontractwiththeQueen[D]auniquerelationshipwiththeroyalfamily58. TheforemostreasonwhytheBBChastoreadjustitselfisnootherthan________.[A]theemergenceofcommercialTVchannels[B]theenforcementofBroadcastingActbythegovernment[C]theurgentnecessitytoreducecostsandjobs[D]thechallengeofnewsatellitechannelsText3Inthelasthalfofthenineteenthcentury“capital”and“labour”wereenlargingandperfectingtheirrivalorganizationsonmodernlines.Manyanoldfirmwasreplacedbyalimitedliabilitycompanywithabureaucracyofsalariedmanagers.Thechangemetthetechnicalrequirementsofthenewagebyengagingalargeprofessionalelementandpreventedthedeclineinefficiencythatsocommonlyspoiledthefortunesoffamilyfirmsinthesecondandthirdgenerationaftertheenergeticfounders.Itwasmoreoverastepawayfromindividualinitiative,towardscollectivismandmunicipalandstate-ownedbusiness.Therailwaycompanies,thoughstillprivatebusinessmanagedforthebenefitofshareholders,wereveryunlikeoldfamilybusiness.Atthesametimethegreatmunicipalitieswentintobusinesstosupplylighting,tramsandotherservicestothetaxpayers.Thegrowthofthelimitedliabilitycompanyandmunicipalbusinesshadimportantconsequences.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.Allthroughthenineteenthcentury,America,Africa,India,AustraliaandpartsofEuropewerebeingdevelopedbyBritishcapital,andBritishshareholderswerethusenrichedbytheworld’smovementtowardsindustrialization.TownslikeBournemouthandEastbournespranguptohouselarge“comfortable”classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders’meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.Ontheotherhand“shareholding”meantleisureandfreedomwhichwasusedbymanyofthelaterVictoriansforthehighestpurposeofagreatcivilization.The“shareholders”assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlabourwasnotgood.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.Indeedthemeresizeofoperationsandthenumbersofworkmeninvolvedrenderedsuchpersonalrelationsimpossible.Fortunately,however,theincreasingpowerandorganizationofthetradeunions,atleastinallskilledtrades,enabledtheworkmentomeetonequaltermsthemanagersofthecompanieswhoemployedthem.Thecrueldisciplineofthestrikeandlockouttaughtthetwopartiestorespecteachother’sstrengthandunderstandthevalueoffairnegotiation.59. It’strueoftheoldfamilyfirmsthat________.[A]theywerespoiledbytheyoungergenerations[B]theyfailedforlackofindividualinitiative[C]theylackedefficiencycomparedwithmoderncompanies[D]theycouldsupplyadequateservicestothetaxpayers60. Thegrowthoflimitedliabilitycompaniesresultedin________.[A]theseparationofcapitalfrommanagement[B]theownershipofcapitalbymanagers[C]theemergenceofcapitalandlabourastwoclasses[D]theparticipationofshareholdersinmunicipalbusiness61. Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueexceptthat________.[A]theshareholderswereunawareoftheneedsoftheworkers[B]theoldfirmownershandabetterunderstandingoftheirworkers[C]thelimitedliabilitycompaniesweretoolargetorunsmoothly[D]thetradeunionsseemedtoplayapositiverole62. Theauthorismostcriticalof________.[A]familyfilmowners[B]landowners[C]managers[D]shareholdersText4WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools;alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducationaladvantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions;theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.63. Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto________.[A]elementaryschools[B]enthusiasticworkers[C]theattractivepremiumsystem[D]aspecialwayofthinking64. ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics________.[A]benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge[B]shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagement[C]wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining[D]owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment65. Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause________.[A]theyarebothwinnersofawards[B]theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinking[C]theybothabandonverbaldescription[D]theybothusevariousinstruments66. Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.[A]InventiveMind[B]EffectiveSchooling[B]WaysofThinking[D]OutpouringofInventionsText5Rumorhasitthatmorethan20booksoncreationism/evolutionareinthepublisher’spipelines.Afewhavealreadyappeared.Thegoalofallwillbetotrytoexplaintoaconfusedandoftenunenlightenedcitizenrythattherearenottwoequallyvalidscientifictheoriesfortheoriginandevolutionofuniverseandlife.Cosmology,geology,andbiologyhaveprovidedaconsistent,unified,andconstantlyimprovingaccountofwhathappened.“Scientific”creationism,whichisbeingpushedbysomefor“equaltime”intheclassroomswheneverthescientificaccountsofevolutionaregiven,isbasedonreligion,notscience.Virtuallyallscientistsandthemajorityofnonfundamentalistreligiousleadershavecometoregard“scientific”creationismasbadscienceandbadreligion.ThefirstfourchaptersofKitcher’sbookgiveaverybriefintroductiontoevolution.Atappropriateplaces,heintroducesthecriticismsofthecreationistsandprovidesanswers.Inthelastthreechapters,hetakesoffhisglovesandgivesthecreationistsagoodbeating.Hedescribestheirprogrammesandtactics,and,forthoseunfamiliarwiththewaysofcreationists,theextentoftheirdeceptionanddistortionmaycomeasanunpleasantsurprise.Whentheirbasicmotivationisreligious,onemighthaveexpectedmoreChristianbehavior.Kitcherisaphilosopher,andthismayaccount,inpart,fortheclarityandeffectivenessofhisarguments.Thenon-specialistwillbeabletoobtainatleastanotionofthesortsofdataandargumentthatsupportevolutionarytheory.Thefinalchapteronthecreationistswillbeextremelycleartoall.Onthedustjacketofthisfinebook,StephenJayGouldsays:“Thisbookstandsforreasonitself.”Andsoitdoes--andallwouldbewellwerereasontheonlyjudgeinthecreationism/evolutiondebate.67. “Creationism”inthepassagerefersto________.[A]evolutioninitstruesenseastotheoriginoftheuniverse[B]anotionofthecreationofreligion[C]thescientificexplanationoftheearthformation[D]thedeceptivetheoryabouttheoriginoftheuniverse68. Kitcher’sbookisintendedto________.[A]recommendtheviewsoftheevolutionists[B]exposethetruefeaturesofcreationists[C]cursebitterlyatthisopponents[D]launchasurpriseattackoncreationists69. Fromthepassagewecaninferthat________.[A]reasoninghasplayedadecisiveroleinthedebate[B]creationistsdonotbasetheirargumentonreasoning[C]evolutionarytheoryistoodifficultfornon-specialists[D]creationismissupportedbyscientificfindings70. Thispassageappearstobeadigestof________.[A]abookreview[B]ascientificpaper[C]amagazinefeature[D]anewspapereditorialSectionIV:English-ChineseTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslateunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.YourtranslationmustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Thedifferencesinrelativegrowthofvariousareasofscientificresearchhaveseveralcauses.71)Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.Some,however,arelessreasonableprocessesofdifferentgrowthinwhichpreconceptionoftheformscientifictheoryoughttotake,bypersonsinauthority,acttoalterthegrowthpatternofdifferentareas.Thisisanewproblemprobablynotyetunavoidable;butitisafrighteningtrend.72)ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.Itcanbepredicted,however,thatfromtimetotimequestionswillarisewhichwillrequirespecificscientificanswers.Itisthereforegenerallyvaluabletotreatthescientificestablishmentasaresourceormachinetobekeptinfunctionalorder.73)Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.Thiskindofsupport,likeallgovernmentsupport,requiresdecisionsabouttheappropriaterecipientsoffunds.Decisionsbasedonutilityasopposedtolackofutilityarestraightforward.Butdecisionamongproje