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TheRomanWorldChapter2TheRomanRepublic:Origins,Breakdown,andRebirthTheRomanWorldChapter2ItalyItalyTiber

RiverTiber

RiverFoundingofRome(800BC)视频TheLegendofRomulusandRemusshe-wolfFoundingofRome(800BC)最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1TherapeoftheSabineWomenTherapeoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabinePowersoftheWesternMediterraneanGreeksEtruscansCarthaginiansPowersoftheWesternMediterrEtruscans伊特鲁里亚人Etruscans伊特鲁里亚人TheRomanWorldTheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheRepublicThe

ConquestofItalyBy270B.C.,RomehadexpandedtothesoutherntipofItalyhadsucceededinestablishingcontractualalliances.建立联盟TheConquestofItalyBy270Bcontractualalliances：Allowingcitiestokeeptheirowngovernments,traditions,andlawsDemandingonlytributeandmilitarysupportinreturnThe

ConquestofItalycontractualalliances：AllowinRomeandCarthage迦太基RomeCarthaginian

RomeandCarthage迦太基RomeAeneastellsDidothemisfortunesoftheTrojancityAeneastellsDidothemisfortu最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1联合国世界文化遗产，迦太基古城遗迹。联合国世界文化遗产，迦太基古城遗迹。ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWar-(264-241BCE)foughtoverSiciliancity乌鸦吊SecondPunicWar-(219-202BCE)HannibalofCarthageledarmy acrossAlpsintoItaly.ThirdPunicWar-(149-146BCE)NorthAfricabecomesRomanprovince.ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWarHannibal’srouteHannibal’sroute最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1HannibalofCarthage卢浮宫的汉尼拔雕像HannibalofCarthage卢浮宫的汉尼拔雕像ArchimedesArchimedes意大利西西里岛，叙拉古，“阿基米德的坟墓”，联合国世界文化遗产

意大利西西里岛，叙拉古，“阿基米德的坟墓”，联合国世界文化遗RomeRepublic

视频：republicdemocracyRomeRepublic

视频：republicdemoRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstablishedandruledbywealthyRomancitizens(patricians)贵族Hadtogiveordinarycitizens(plebians平民)thevotebecausetheywereimportantpartoftheeconomyRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstaRomanRepublicanGovernmentThreePartGovernment:I.ExecutiveBranch–Twoconsuls

withrighttocommandtroops.Highestcivilandmilitary magistrates. A.ElectedannuallybyAssemblyofthe Centuries B.Inemergencies,adictatorcouldbe electedforsixmonths. C.Vetoofoneconsulwouldhalta motionmadebyeitherone.RomanRepublicanGovernmentThSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfasces束棒ivorychairSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfascestheUSHouseofRepresentatives法国大革命时期国徽fascestheUSHouseofRepresen

II.TheSenate-about300membersofnoble orpatricianclass. A.Senatorsappointedforlife,musthave heldelectedofficebefore. B.Appointedcommanders,assignedfunds, butcouldnotpasslaws. C.Originally“elected”kings,hada conservativeeffectonRomanculture andpolitics.RomanRepublicanGovernment II.TheSenate-about300me

III.Assembly-IncludedalladultmalecitizensAssemblyoftheCenturies

A.madeupoftheentirearmy B.Wealthiercitizensvotedfirstandinfluencedresults C.electedtheconsulsandseveralothermagistrates D.votedonbillstheSenateputbeforeitTribune A.holdofficeforoneyear B.vetotheSenate C.initiateLaws(TheTwelveTables十二铜表法）

RomanRepublicanGovernment III.Assembly-IncludedallTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheRepublicTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheTiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BCETiberiusreformslandlawstopreventrichlandownersfromturningimpoverishedRomancitizensintoslaves.TiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BGaiusGracchusGaiusGracchusDeclineoftheRepublicInternalconflictbetweenrichandpoorGoverningoftheenormousempireAnewsystemofmilitaryrecruitmentgivingmuchpowertoindividualgeneralsDeclineoftheRepublicInternaMilitaryReformMarius马略Sulla苏拉

acceptedsoldiersintoarmywhoownednolandProfessionalsoldiersMilitaryReformMariusSullaacceTheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCE)Pompey庞培Crassus克拉苏Caesar凯撒TheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCaesarcrossestheRubiconCaesarcrossestheRubiconTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheFalloftheRepublicConflictsamongpowerfulindividuals—Crassus,Pompey,andJuliusCaesarCivilwarsCaesarasdictator:47-44B.C.Octavian’sdefeatofAntony:31B.C.OctavianFalloftheRepublicConflictsOctavianvs.AntonyCleopatraQueenoftheNileOctavianvs.AntonyCleopatraRomanEmpire(27BC–476AD)Octavian(latercalledAugustus“RespectedOne”),grand-nephewofJuliusCaesar,gainedcontrolandbecamefirstemperorofRomanEmpireRomanEmpire(27BC–476AGaiusOctaviusAugustus(27-14BCE)

TheAugustanPrincipatePrinceps:firstcitizenHonorarytitle:AugustusGaiusOctaviusAugustus(27-14最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1RomanVirtuesCourageHonorDisciplineSacrificegeneratedfearandrespectamongRome’senemiesandloyaltyandstabilityfromitscitizens.RomanVirtuesCourageRomanGovernmentSenate(300members)Consuls(2members)HeadofGovernmentTribune(10members)PatricianPatrician&PlebianPlebianAppointedElectedElectedHoldofficeforlifeHoldofficefor1yearHoldofficefor1yearAdviseConsulsControltreasuryandforeignpolicyHeadjudiciary&militaryEachcouldveto(“Iforbid”)theotherInitiatelawsVetoSenateRomanGovernmentSenate(300meTheRomanWorldChapter2TheRomanRepublic:Origins,Breakdown,andRebirthTheRomanWorldChapter2ItalyItalyTiber

RiverTiber

RiverFoundingofRome(800BC)视频TheLegendofRomulusandRemusshe-wolfFoundingofRome(800BC)最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1TherapeoftheSabineWomenTherapeoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabineWomenTheinterventionoftheSabinePowersoftheWesternMediterraneanGreeksEtruscansCarthaginiansPowersoftheWesternMediterrEtruscans伊特鲁里亚人Etruscans伊特鲁里亚人TheRomanWorldTheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheRepublicThe

ConquestofItalyBy270B.C.,RomehadexpandedtothesoutherntipofItalyhadsucceededinestablishingcontractualalliances.建立联盟TheConquestofItalyBy270Bcontractualalliances：Allowingcitiestokeeptheirowngovernments,traditions,andlawsDemandingonlytributeandmilitarysupportinreturnThe

ConquestofItalycontractualalliances：AllowinRomeandCarthage迦太基RomeCarthaginian

RomeandCarthage迦太基RomeAeneastellsDidothemisfortunesoftheTrojancityAeneastellsDidothemisfortu最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1联合国世界文化遗产，迦太基古城遗迹。联合国世界文化遗产，迦太基古城遗迹。ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWar-(264-241BCE)foughtoverSiciliancity乌鸦吊SecondPunicWar-(219-202BCE)HannibalofCarthageledarmy acrossAlpsintoItaly.ThirdPunicWar-(149-146BCE)NorthAfricabecomesRomanprovince.ThePunicWarsFirstPunicWarHannibal’srouteHannibal’sroute最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1最新版西方文明史课件Chapter-2-The-Roman-Republic-1HannibalofCarthage卢浮宫的汉尼拔雕像HannibalofCarthage卢浮宫的汉尼拔雕像ArchimedesArchimedes意大利西西里岛，叙拉古，“阿基米德的坟墓”，联合国世界文化遗产

意大利西西里岛，叙拉古，“阿基米德的坟墓”，联合国世界文化遗RomeRepublic

视频：republicdemocracyRomeRepublic

视频：republicdemoRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstablishedandruledbywealthyRomancitizens(patricians)贵族Hadtogiveordinarycitizens(plebians平民)thevotebecausetheywereimportantpartoftheeconomyRomanRepublic(509-27BC)EstaRomanRepublicanGovernmentThreePartGovernment:I.ExecutiveBranch–Twoconsuls

withrighttocommandtroops.Highestcivilandmilitary magistrates. A.ElectedannuallybyAssemblyofthe Centuries B.Inemergencies,adictatorcouldbe electedforsixmonths. C.Vetoofoneconsulwouldhalta motionmadebyeitherone.RomanRepublicanGovernmentThSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfasces束棒ivorychairSymbolsofRoyaltypurplerobesfascestheUSHouseofRepresentatives法国大革命时期国徽fascestheUSHouseofRepresen

II.TheSenate-about300membersofnoble orpatricianclass. A.Senatorsappointedforlife,musthave heldelectedofficebefore. B.Appointedcommanders,assignedfunds, butcouldnotpasslaws. C.Originally“elected”kings,hada conservativeeffectonRomanculture andpolitics.RomanRepublicanGovernment II.TheSenate-about300me

III.Assembly-IncludedalladultmalecitizensAssemblyoftheCenturies

A.madeupoftheentirearmy B.Wealthiercitizensvotedfirstandinfluencedresults C.electedtheconsulsandseveralothermagistrates D.votedonbillstheSenateputbeforeitTribune A.holdofficeforoneyear B.vetotheSenate C.initiateLaws(TheTwelveTables十二铜表法）

RomanRepublicanGovernment III.Assembly-IncludedallTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheRepublicTheRomanWorldDeclineoftheTiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BCETiberiusreformslandlawstopreventrichlandownersfromturningimpoverishedRomancitizensintoslaves.TiberiusGracchus提比略-格拉古133BGaiusGracchusGaiusGracchusDeclineoftheRepublicInternalconflictbetweenrichandpoorGoverningoftheenormousempireAnewsystemofmilitaryrecruitmentgivingmuchpowertoindividualgeneralsDeclineoftheRepublicInternaMilitaryReformMarius马略Sulla苏拉

acceptedsoldiersintoarmywhoownednolandProfessionalsoldiersMilitaryReformMariusSullaacceTheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCE)Pompey庞培Crassus克拉苏Caesar凯撒TheFirstTriumvirate(59-53BCaesarcrossestheRubiconCaesarcrossestheRubiconTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheRepublicTheRomanWorldTheFalloftheFalloftheRepublicConflictsamongpowerfulindividuals—Crassus,Pompey,andJuliusCaesarCivilwarsCaesarasdict

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