2019中考英语专题复习定语从句

2019-中考英语专题复习：定语从句2019-中考英语专题复习：定语从句7/72019-中考英语专题复习：定语从句2019-2020年中考英语专题复习：定语从句【定语从句命题】依据对定语从句部分中考试题的分析可知，此后该部分仍将是要点察看点之一。其察看要点为：1．定语从句的功用和构造2．关系代词和关系副词的功用3．各个关系代词和关系副词的详细用法【考点解说】一、察看以that与which指引的定语从句1．平常只好用that的状况1）当先行词是不定代词a11，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing，everything等时。2）先行词被序数词、形容词的最高等以及被a11，any，every，each，few，little，no，some，theonly．thevery．thelast等修饰时。3）假如先行词既指人又指物，应用关系代词that。【考例】Withoutfriendship,onecan'tbehappyalthoughheisrichenough.Asforme,Iwillneverforgetthedays__Ispentwithmydearestfriend.[哈尔滨市]A.thatB.whenC.who2．平常只用which的状况(1)指引非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which指代前面整个句子的内容。(2)指引非限制性定语从句，并且先行词指物时只好用which，不用that。假如句中有两个定语从句，假如两个从句都可以用that指引，那么此中一个应改用which指引。【考例】Manyyoungpeoplelovethesongs_________havegreatlyrics.[成都市]A.whoB.thoseC.which二、察看以who，whom与whose指引的定语从句(1)假如先行词是指人的不定代词anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，nobody，one，ones，those，all(指人)等作先行词，作主语用who，作宾语用whom。who而不用which。在非限制性定语从句中，指人作主语用who，作宾语用whom，who。在定语从句中，作定语的关系代词只好用whose，它相当于the+名词+of+which／whom；非限制性定语从句中还有“代词／数词+of+which／whom"构造。【考例Theman_________gaveusatalkonscienceyesterdayisafamousscientist.[广东省]A.whoB.whoseC.whichD.whom--Doyouknowtheman__isrunningalongthestreet?--Yes.HeisourEnglishteacher.[长沙市]A.whoB.whichC.whom三、察看关系副词它们相当于“介词

where、when与+which"，此中

why指引的定语从句where=in／at+which

；when=at／in

／during+which

；why=for+which。关系副词where指引定语从句时，只幸好定语从句中作地址状语，其修饰的名词必然是表示地址的名词。2）关系副词when指引定语从句时，只幸好定语从句中作时间状语，其修饰的名词必然是表示时间的名词。关系副词why指引定语从句时，只幸好定语从句中作原由状语，其修饰的名词必然是表示原由的名词。【考例】(绵阳中考)Disneyis

anamusementpark

youcanfind

a11the

normalattractionsandDisneymoviesandcharacters

．A．whichB

．whereC．that

D

．when五、对“介词+关系代词”的察看当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词组成固定短语时，介词可以提早，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。先行词指物，用“介词+which”，指人则用“介词+whom"，且两个关系代词均不可以省略。介词的选大纲依据两个原则：依据定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配内容而定；依据先行词的特别用法而定。【考例】Doyouknowtheyounglady____yourmotheristalking?(

湖北黄石

)A.who

B.whom

C.withwhom

D.which【语法回首】在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后边。指引定语从句的词叫做关系代词（that,which,who,whom,whose）或关系副词(when,where)，关系代词和关系副词放在先行词与定语从句之间，起联系的作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词、副词作用先行词例句that，who，主语、宾人Doyouknowthegirlwho／thatisstandingunderwhom(只做宾语、表语atree?你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?语)that，which主语、宾物、时Shegotacomputerwhich／thatherparents间、地boughtforher．语、表语她有一台她的父亲母亲买给她的电脑。点、原因whose定语人物Theboywhosefatherisadoctorstudiesveryhard．他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习特别勤苦。Theclassroomwhosewindowisopenismine．窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。when状语时间IstillrememberthedaywhenyouleaveforBeijing．我仍旧记得你去北京的那天。where状语地址Thisistheschoolwheremymotherworks．这就是我妈妈工作的学校。why状语原由Couldyouexplainthereasonwhyyouwerelate?你能解说一下你迟到的原由吗?二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略)：1．that指人或物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。Thisisthepenthatyouarelookingfor.这是你要找的那支钢笔。(宾语)Thegirlthathaslonghairismysister.留着长发的那个女孩是我妹妹。（主语）2．which指物，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。ThebikewhichismadeinTianjinsellswell.天津产的自行车销售很好。（主语）Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.我们买的鱼不新鲜。(宾语)3．who,whom指人，在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。TheboywhobrokethewindowiscalledTom.打坏窗户的男孩叫Tom.（主语）Thepersontowhomheistalkingismyfather.正在和他讲话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语)4．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。ThegirlwhosebagisnewiscalledAnn.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)Helivesinahousewhosewidowsopentothesouth.他住在窗户朝南的那所房屋。(指物)三、只用which不用that的状况：1．在介词后只用which，不可以用that。Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生打劫案的银行。2．先行词自己是that时，只好用which，不可以用that。Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的。四、只用that不用which的状况：1．先行词被形容词最高等修饰时只好用that。ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我所见过的最漂亮的山。2．先行词被序数词修饰时只好用that。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwasThirty-nineSteps.我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。3.先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时只好用that。HereareallthebooksthatIhave.这就是我全部的书。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.这是我唯一喜爱的一本书。4．先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时，只好用that。Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。5．先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，只好用that。IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。6．先行词是theone时，只好用that。Thisistheonethatyouwant.这就是你想要的。7．在以who指引的疑问句后，为了防范重复，只好用that。Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？五、在介词后只好用whom，不可以用who。ThegirltowhomItalkedjustnowisfromAmerica.我刚刚与之讲话的那个女孩是来自美国的。六、定语从句中主谓一致的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致(我们要知道，关系代词所代指的就是先行词，这里有一个等量关系)。TomisoneoftheboyswhoarefromtheUSA.Tom是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。TomistheonlyboythatisfromtheUSA.Tom是唯一从美国来的男孩。七、定语从句中的介词与副词的问题：当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，假如定语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词时，要加介词或副词。(定语从句中的不及物动词加介词或副词组成固定的及物动词短语后，不可以把介词或副词提早到关系代词前。)Heistheoldmanwho/whomwelookedafterlastyear.他是我们昨年照料的那个老人。ThatisthebookwhichIamlookingfor.那就是我要找的书。八、关系副词when与where的使用：1．when指时间：Iwillneverforgetthetimewhenweworkedonthefarm.我将永久不会忘掉我们在农场劳动的那段光阴。2．where指地址(where=in等介词＋which)：Thisisthehousewhere(=inwhich)helivedlastyear.这是他昨年住的房屋。九、定语从句与作定语的①动词不定式、②介词短语、③此刻分词短语、④过去分词短语的变换：Shehasmuchworkthatshemustdo.=Shehasmuchworktodo.她有很多要做的工作。ThemaninthecarisMr.Green.=ThemanwhoisinthecarisMr.Green.在车上的人是格林先生。Thegirlwateringflowersthereismysister.=Thegirlwhoiswateringflowersthereismysister.在浇花的女孩是我妹妹。Theboysavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.=Theboywhowassavedintheriverhascomebacktolife.从河里救起的男孩清醒过来了。【中考真题】【长沙】—Whatareyoulookingfor?—I’mlookingforthewatch_______Iboughtyesterday.A．whichB．whoC．whose2.【本溪】Don’tthrowawaypensanderasers________youhaven’tusedup.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what3.【鞍山】Ican’tfindthebook________mymotherboughtme.A.whoB.whenC.whichD.what4.【遂宁】Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusictheycandanceto.A．thatB．whatC．when5.【吉林】—Doyouknowthelittleboy_______ishelpingtheoldmancrosstheroad?—No.Buthowniceheis!A.whichB.whoC.whom【成都】--Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?Ilikemusic_____________Idanceto.A.thatB.whereC.who7.【营口】-Doyouknowtheoldmanistalkingtoourheadteacher?-Yes,he’smygrandfather.A.whomB.whoseC.whoD.which【达州】—Doyouknowthegirl__________isstanding__________thetree?—Yes,sheismyfriend,ZhangYing.A.that,inthefrontofB.whom,underC.who,infrontofD.which,behind9.【莆田】一WeareproudofMoYan．一Yes．Heisagreatwriter＿＿＿wontheNobelPrizeinLiteraturein2012．A．whichB．whoC．what10.【柳州】MaYunisnowabossofafamouscompany,for______lifewasonceveryhard.A.whoseB.whichC.whom【山西】It’sbadforhealthtohurrytomoveintoahouse______hasnewfurnitureinit.【茂名】Thefirstthing_______Iamgoingtodothiseveningistowritetomyfather.A.thatB.whichC.who13.【大庆】TheH7N9birdfluisadisease_______canbeverydangerous.A./B.whoC.whatD.which14.【德州】YesterdayLiMingwenttothevillage_________hisfamilylivedtenyearsago.A.whenB.whichD.whereD.that15.【河南】Afriendissomeone_____says,"What!Youtoo?IthoughtIwastheonlyone!”A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose16.【玉林】一Linda,cmyoutellmesomethingaboutMoYan?—Sure.Heisthewriter______wontheNobel(诺贝尔)LiteraturePrize.A.whichB.whoseC.whoD.whom【白银】AWechat(微信)isaninvention______canhelppeopletalktofriends,sharephotos,ideasandfeelingfreely.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD/18.【安徽】Istillrememberthecollegeandtheteachers_____________IvisitedinLondonyearsago.A.whatB.whoC.thatD.which19．【德州】Mostofmyfriendslikeloudmusictheycandanceto.A.thatB.whatC.when20.【梅州】Ilikethecartoon______hasahappyendingandmakesme______.A.which;tolaughB.that;tolaughC.whose;laughingD.which;laugh21.【宜宾】—Whatkindofmusicdoyoulike?—Ilikemusic______Icandanceto.A.becauseB.whenC.whoD.that22.【湛江】—Look!ThatisthewomanImetyesterday.—Oh?She’smyaunt.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.when23.【滨州】Moststudentsliketheteachersunderstandthemwell.A.whichB.whoC.whereD.when24.【枣庄】Mostofmyclassmatespreferloudmusic_____theycandanceto.A.thatB.whoC.whoseD.where25.【杭州】Beingblindissomething_________mostpeoplecan’timagine.A.whoB.whatC.thatD.whom26.【内江】Peoplearetalkingabouttheoldhouses____JackieChanboughtinAnhuitwentyyearsago.A.whichB.whereC.whoD.when27.【福州】—DoyouknowMoYan?—Ofcourse.Heisthefamouswriter_________wontheNobelPrizein2012.A.whoB.whomC.Which28.【咸宁】Agraduationceremonyisacustomtakesplacestudentsgraduatefromaschool.A.which;whenB.that;whoC.which;whoseD.that;which【随州】—Doyouknowtheman______isstandingatthedoor?—Yes,Ido.He'safriendof_____.A.when;IB.who;mineC.that;meD.which;my30.【荆州】Sheisthegirlinventiongotthefirstprizeintheschoolcompetition.A．whoB．thatC．whichD.whose31.【齐齐哈尔】I’llremembertheoldbuildingsIvisitedinthevillage.A.whereB.whichC.who32.【天津】Themovie______wesawlastnightwasfantastic.A.thatB.whatC.whoseD.Who33.【哈尔滨】—DoyouknowofGuoMingyi?—Yes.Heisanordinary(一般的)worker______helpsmanypoorchildreninChina.A.t