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关于被动语态讲解讲解很详细练习很到位第1页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。第2页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六1.They
make
shoesinthatfactory.主语+及物动词+宾语Shoes
aremade(bythem)inthatfactory.一般现在时:S(主语)+am/is/are+过去分词变为被动语态第3页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Hisbrotherwashesbowlsevery
day.主谓宾(受动者)Bowlsare
washedbyhis
brother
every
day.改为被动语态第4页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六TheyplayfootballonSunday.Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening.Theyoftenusecomputersinclass.WemakethesemachinesinBeilun.PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK.FootballisplayedbythemonSunday.ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening.Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass.ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun.EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK.你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗?第5页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六2.They
bought
tencomputerslastterm.Tencomputers
werebought(bythem)lastterm.2一般过去时:S+was/were+过去分词第6页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday.主谓宾(受动者)Thelittlebaby
waslookedafterbyhimyesterday.第7页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear.Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday.Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow.Theyusedthisroomforresting.Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago.Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear.Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday.Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow.Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem.Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago.第8页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六3.They
willfinish
theworkintendays.Thework
willbefinished(bythem)intendays.3一般将来时:S+will+be+过去分词第9页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow.主谓宾(受动者)TheroomwillbecleanedbyTom
tomorrow.第10页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow.Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon.Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring.UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow.Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek.Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow.Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon.Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring.TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow.第11页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六4.Amy
cantakegoodcareof
Gina
.Gina
canbetakengoodcareof
byAmy.4情态动词:S+can/may/must/should+be+过去分词第12页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六1.Hecantakecareofthebaby.2.Lucymaydrawthepictures.3.Youmustturnoffthelights.4.TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell.5.Jimcoulddoityesterday.Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim.ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy.Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou.Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem.ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday.第13页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.第14页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六Someworkers
arepainting
theroomsnow.Therooms
arebeingpainted
bysomeworkersnow.5现在进行时:
S+am/is/are+being+过去分词第15页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六
现在进行时:
TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.第16页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六I
wasdoing
myhomeworkat8:00lastnight.Myhomework
wasbeingdone(byme)at8:00lastnight.6过去进行时:
S+was/were+being+过去分词第17页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六过去进行时:
—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.第18页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六We
havemade
twentymorekeys.Twentymorekeys
havebeenmade
byus.7现在完成时:
S+have/has+been+过去分词第19页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六.现在完成时:
Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.
Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.第20页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六8过去将来时:
Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.第21页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六9.过去完成时:
WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.
Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.
第22页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六10:动词不定式的被动语态betodo----betobedonebegoingtodo---begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Heistoreadanovel
AnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.第23页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六被动语态中的特殊情况1.不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时,在变为被动语态时,仍然要带上介词。e.g.Thestudentslisten
totheteachercarefullyinclass.被动句:Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass.e.g.Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool.被动句:Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool.第24页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六
2.当动词带有复合宾语(有宾补),并且宾补是省去“to”的动词不定式时,在被动语态中应加上“to”e.g.Theymakeusdoallthework.被动句:Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem.e.g.Weoftenhearhersingsongs.被动句:Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus.e.g.Isawhimwalktoschool.被动句:Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme.这些动词真奇怪,主动句中to离开,被动句中to回来。(let,have,make,feel,see,watch,hear,notice…)第25页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六3.当动词带双宾语时(一个宾语是指人,一个是指物),将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时,另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来;如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语,在被动句中则指人宾语前应加“to”或“for”
。常见加to的动词有give,send,teach,write,show,pass,ask,tell…常见加for的动词有make,draw,buy…e.g.Hegivesmeaflowereveryday.
被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday.
被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday.e.g.Mymotherboughtmeacomputer.
被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother.
被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother.第26页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六(一)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时,其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致,其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。
Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)
2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。
Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.
如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词,如上句还可以说:
Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语第27页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六注意:一般在下列动词后,常在间接宾语前用介词to,如:
bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。
Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.
Mybikewaslenttoher.
一般在下列动词后,间接宾语前用介词for,如:
buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。
Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)
Themeatwascookedforus.
第28页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六练习:将下列句子变为被动句。
1.LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully.
LiLei’sfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei.2.Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom.Thebabywaslookedafterbythemotherintheroom.3.Wetookcareofthethings.Thethingsweretakencareofbyus.4.Theygaveussomework.
Weweregivensomeworkbythem.Someworkwasgiventousbythem.5.Theboymadethemlaughallthetime.
Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy.6.Mymotherbuysmeabike.
Abikeisboughtformebymymother.Iamboughtabikebymymother.
第29页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六1.Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings.Knives____________forcuttingthings.2.Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth.Thewindowsoftheirclassroom_____________twiceamonth.EXERCISES
areusedarecleaned(变被动语态)第30页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六5.Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday.He___________________________onlytwomealsaday.6.Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem.Nowcomputers___________________tohelpthem.
wasmadetohave
canbe
used第31页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六3.Ifoundtheticketonthefloor.________________________onthefloor.4.Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime.She_____________toreturnthebookintime.The
ticket
was
found
was
told第32页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六9.Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps.1)____________________somewonderfulstamps.2)Somewonderfulstamps_____________________________.
we
were
given
were
giventous第33页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六7.Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear?___________________________atthistimelasttime?8.Mustwefinishourworktoday?_______ourwork_____________today?WeremanytreesplantedMust
be
finished第34页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六10.TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer.Tom_______________toturnonthecomputer.11.Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework.Mostofthework_______________bywomeninthisfactory.
wasasked
isdone第35页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六12.Hecanmendthebikeintwodays.Thebike___________________intwodays.13.Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday.Thismedicine______________________threetimesaday.canbemended
mustbe
taken第36页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六14.ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman.German_______________bythestudentsinthisschool.15.Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion?______thisquestionoften_______about______________?
is
studiedIs
talked
bythem第37页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen第38页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent第39页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid第40页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六10:Thewater___coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11:Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed第41页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold第42页,共47页,2022年,5月20日,5点53分,星期六16.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt17."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholding D.willhold第43页,共47页,2022年,5月20
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