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7/7制冷压缩机中英文对照外文翻译文献中英文对照外文翻译
SmallCOMPRESSOR
Compressorrefrigerationsystemisthecoreandheartofitsdecisiontotherefrigerationsystemcapabilitiesandfeatures.Thispapernotonlyenergyefficient,noiseandvibrationandrefrigerationagentanalyzedsmallrefrigerationcompressortechnicalperformance,Analysisalsohaveappearedinrecentyears,thenew,specialsmallcompressormainfeatureforussmallrefrigerationcompressorfuturedevelopmenttrendoflayingatechnologicalfoundation.
Asweallknow,thecompressorrefrigerationsystemisthecoreandheart.Compressoranddecidedthatthecoolingsystemcapacityandfeatures.Inasense,thecoolingsystemdesignandmatchingofthecompressoristheabilitydemonstrated.Therefore,countriesintheworldareallintherefrigerationindustryrefrigerationcompressorresearchinvestedatremendousamountofenergy,newresearchdirection,andresearchresultscontinuetoemerge.Compressortechnologyandperformancelevelwitheachpassingday.
1.AcompressorEfficiencyStudy
Compressorrefrigerationsystemisthecoreenergycomponents,improvetheefficiencyofrefrigerationsystemsofthemostdirectandeffectivemeansistoincreasetheefficiencyofthecompressor,Itwillbringtheenergyconsumptiondecreasedsignificantly.Moreover,canonlyavoidthesystemtakemeasures(suchassimplyincreasingheatexchangerarea,etc.)causedbytheconsumptionofmaterialsincreased.Inrecentyears,asworldenergyshortagesituationworsensdaybyday,moreandmoreattentiontovariousenergy-savingworktheenergyefficiencyof
productsmadebytheever-increasingdemands.Duetolossessuchasfriction,leakage,harmfulheat,theelectricalloss,flowresistance,noisevibrationofexistence,Compressorworkfarbelowtheactualefficiencyoftheoreticalefficiency.Therefore,fromatheoreticalpointofview,anyreductioninalossofarbitrarymeasurestoimprovetheefficiencyofthecompressor.Theobjectivefactshaveledtotheenergysavingcompressorscope,direction,width,researchtopicsandresultsvaried.
Onthecurrentinternationalenergy-efficientcompressorsresearchconcentratedmainlyinafewareas:researchlubricationpropertiesCompressorpartsofthefrictionbearingstoreducefrictioncharacteristicsofpower,improvetheefficiencyofthecompressor;reduceleakagelossestoimprovetheefficiencyofthecompressor;usingfrequencymodulationtechnologyorrefrigerationsystemthroughtheeffortwiththeuserloadtomatchthebestenergysavingInthisregardtheparticularfrequencytechnologyhasbeenrelativelymaturewellknownandnotrepeatthemhere.ValveResearchisanoldtopicbutitisalsoaneternaltopic,ImprovementofthevalvedesignedtoimprovetheefficiencyofthecompressoralsoNagamochiendlessharvest.Researchinthisareamanytimes,fromthevalvematerial,sportslaw,optimizingthestructureoftheapplicabletheory,exhaustivetestingmethods.Inshort,energy-savingcompressorsontheresearchinrecentyearshasbecomeoneoftherefrigerationindustryfirsthotissues.
Inrecentyears,domesticrefrigerationcompressorindustrytostudy
energy-savingproductsarealsogivinggreatconcern.Progresslargerproductsmainlyrefrigeratorcompressorindustry.InChinaefficientrefrigeratorsGEFprojectstopromoteandsupport,boththeenterprisesforenergy-efficientproductsistheunderstandingoftheperformanceofrefrigeratorcompressorshaveaqualitativeleap.Atpresent,domesticenterprisesrefrigeratorcompressorproductsofthehighestenergyefficiencyhasreached1.95%.Refrigeratorcompressordomesticenterprisestotakealotoftechnicalmeasuressuchashighefficiencymotorsorsynchronousmotor,concavevalves,Planethrustbearing,lowviscositylubricants,thenewGettermuffler,
reducingfrictionlosses,andachievedgreatresults.Themainproblemisthelackofdomesticenterprisescurrentlyfreetechnology,thetechnologyhastoimitatethelinemainly,Mostoftheenterprisestobuildtheirowntechnologyinfrastructurealsounconscious,northeinterest,andthisrestrictsthedevelopmentoftechnologicalcapacity.
Relativetotherefrigeratorcompressorindustry,domesticenergy-efficient
air-conditioningcompressorstudyitwasnotperturbed,Overtheyearstheefficiencyofthecompressorisnosubstantivechange,greatermarketdemandmakesmostoftheair-conditioningcompressorenterpriseswillconcentrateonexpandingproductionon.WiththenationontheairconditionerenergyefficiencystandardssetforthefurtherimprovementofChina'sairconditionerexportsvariousperilsofshowing,domesticair-conditioningcompressorofthisshort-sightedenterpriseswillbeunabletoadapttotheenergy-savingdevelopmentofthesituation.Enterprisealsoonthefollow-upisweak.
2.Compressornoiseandvibrationstudy
Currently,thenoisehasbeenregardedasoneoftheseriouspollution.Householdrefrigerationequipmentasthesourceofpowerandheart,refrigerationcompressornoise,tobeameasureofitsperformanceasanimportantindicator.Infact,toacompressorspeaking,Mostofthenoiseisduetoshellbysomenoisefromthesourceexcitation(suchassprings,refrigerantpressurepulsation,exhaustpipe,lubricantsetc.excited).Butcompressornoisesourcesandpathwayscomplexanddiverse,whichgivesthecompressornoisesilencerbroughtgreatdifficulties.
Onthecompressornoise,vibrationandforeignscholarshaveconductedalargenumberoflong-termresearch.Hereinthisregardtothemainresearchresultsaresummarizedbelow:
ThemainrefrigerationcompressornoiseExaggerativeinlet,exhaustradiationaerodynamicnoise,mechanicalmovingpartsofmachinerynoiseandnoise-drivenmotorthreecomponents:
2.1Aerodynamicnoise
Compressorinletairflownoiseisduetotheintakemanifoldpressurepulsationintheelections.Inlet-frequencynoiseandtheintakemanifoldgasLanesamefrequencypulsatingwiththespeedofthecompressor.Compressorexhaustnoiseisduetoairintheexhaustpipecausedbyfluctuatingpressures.Exhaustnoisethantheinletnoiseweak,sothecompressoraerodynamicnoisegenerallyInletmainlynoise
2.2MechanicalNoise
Compressormechanicalnoise,includingmembersofthegeneralimpactandfriction,thepistonvibration,noiseimpactofthevalve,Thesenoisewithrandomness,washttp://./doc/ef6dd4bc69eae009591bec58.htmlputed.
2.3Electromagneticnoise
Compressorelectromagneticnoiseisgeneratedbythemotor.Motornoiseandaerodynamicnoiseandmechanicalnoiseisweakercompared.Noisesourcecompressorinlet,exhaust,aerodynamicnoise,thestrongest,followedbymechanicalnoiseandelectromagneticnoise.Throughin-depthstudies,wecanfurtherthatthemaincompressornoisefromthevibration(fromtheDepartmentofspring,Refrigerationmediumpressurepulsationandsmokeexhaustpipeandlubricantshaveincentive)totheambientmediumspreadformationnoise.Ontheefforttoreducecompressornoise,muchoftheliterature(abbreviated)proposedaseriesofmeasuresandtheNoiseandVibrationReductionprogram:
①increaserigidshellstructuretoimprovetheoverallresonancefrequencyreducesvibrationamplitude;
②curvatureoftheshelltoavoidmutation,thesurface,andthenaturalfrequencyisinverselyproportionaltotheradiusofcurvature.shellshapeitshouldbethesmallestcurvatureradius;
③springbearingflagswillbemovedtohigherrigidposition;
④shellshouldbeusedaslittleaspossibleoftheplane;bendingstressandthestresscouplingmembrane(justonthesurface)willshellitselfisfairlyrigid.Thereforecompressorshelltobeusedaslittleaspossibleplanarstructure;
⑤avoidtheexhaustpipeandcondenserincentive,optimizingexhaustflowpulsation,Exhaustpipeusedintheintroductionofadditionalvolumetotheeliminationofpressurefluctuationspectrumofhigh-orderharmonics;
⑥non-symmetricshellshape;Symmetricalthree-dimensionalstructuremeansthattheaxis,alongthemainaxisbiggeststressofleastresistance.Thereforeitisasymmetricalshellstructuremeansthatthecompressorcanbegreatlyreducedalongtheaxisdirectionofaforcewhiletheprobability;
⑦setinlet,exhaustmuffler,theclosedCompressorMufflergenerallymuffler.ItusesCrossSection,resonantcavitycausedacousticimpedancechangesinreflectivityorsoundenergyconsumption.oruseacoustic-acousticsendphasedifferenceof180degreestooffsetthemufflerofnoise.ShellcompressorinthelateralclosedUnicomaHelmholtzresonator,namely:Helmholtzresonatorfromthechamberthroughtheneckholeandshellcompressorconnectedintotheinternalcavity,toreducecompressorcavitystimulatedacousticmodalamplitude.Theresultsshowed:
resonatorresonancefrequencymodulationoftheactualcompressorcavitystimulatedthegreatestvibrationmodes,willbesubstantiallyreducedresonancepeakresponsespectrumandleadtosignificantchange.However,itwillaffecttheappearanceandthecompressorrefrigeratorsettings,theresearchresultsarenotyetappliedtoproducts.
Lubricantsandresidualvolume-coilmotorwindingswillleadtothesametypesofbulkcompressorlevelsbetweendifferent(fromlevelsaverage).Bychangingtheshellexternalsupporttoincreasetorsionalstiffnessandreducevibrationsurface;Noisestudythecomplexrequirementsofresearchershasstrongtheory,theenterprisehasgoodskillsbaseandtheneedforgreaterinvestmentandalongertimeframe.Thisisdomesticenterprisescompressoroneoftheweaklinks,whichisnowbasicallyinthequalitativephaseofexperimentalresearch,Alongwithagreatchanceandrandomness.
3.newrefrigerantsApplication
Basedonthenewenvironmentalrequirementsofrefrigerantcompressorrefrigerationindustryisahotissue.AsfortherefrigeratorproductR22refrigerantsubstitutestheendofthework,newrefrigerantcompressorinthepastfewyearsmainlyconcentratedintheairconditioningindustry.ApartfromthenowrelativelymatureR410A,R407Cthestudy,ThelargestisthehotissueofCO2compressor.Thisistheonlyissueforabriefing.
CO2currentlyontheresearchandapplicationofconcentratedmainlyinthreeaspects:oneisthemosturgentneedofalternativerefrigerantsapplications,suchasautomotiveairconditioning,asrefrigerantemissions,environmentalharm,mustbeadoptedassoonaspossiblewithoutendangeringtheenvironmentrefrigerants;theotheristoconsiderthecharacteristicsofCO2cycle,themostfavorabletotheuseofthiscycleofoccasions,IfheatpumpwaterheateristosupercriticalCO2inhotconditionsdecentralizationthereisasignificanttemperatureslipwillhelpheatWaterheatedtoahighertemperaturecharacteristicsofthefocusofpublicattention;another
oneisCO2intoaccountthenatureofheattransferpropertiesandcharacteristicsofusingCO2asarefrigerant,takingintoaccountCO2goodcoldflowpropertiesandheattransfercharacteristics,useitasacascaderefrigerationcyclecryogenicstagerefrigerants.
Compressortranscriticalcarbondioxideasanairconditioningsystemefficiencyandreliabilityofthemostaffectedparts,Itshouldbefullyintegratedsupercriticalcarbondioxidecyclespecificcharacteristicsofanewdesign.LikeammoniaandCO2,theadiabaticexponentKvaluehigher,up1.30,itmayresultinthecompressordischargetemperaturehigh,However,astheneedsofCO2compressorpressureratiosmall,thereisnoneedforcoolingthecompressoritself.Adiabaticindexishighpressureoverthesmall,Icanreducethegapcompressorfurtherexpansionofthevolumelossestothehighervolumeefficiencycompressors.Afterexperimentalandtheoreticalresearch,JurgenHorstSUBandfoundKruse,reciprocatingcompressorisagoodfilmslidingsealasthepreferredCO2system.8:3itscarbondioxidecompressorexhaustvalveforimprovedExhaustimprovedcompressorefficiencyofcarbondioxideincreasedby7%.
Asthecarbondioxidepressureisfargreaterthanthetraditionalcriticalcirculatorypressure,compressorshaftsealdesignrequirementsthantheoriginalcompressorismuchhigher,compressorshaftsealleakageoveraperiodoftimeisstillhamperedActually,themainreason.
Danfoss,Denso,ZEXELsuchascarbondioxidecompressorhasenteredthestageofsmallbatchproduction.
TheIEAinMarch1999,theJointJapan,Norway,Sweden,BritainandtheUnitedStatestoactivatethe"SelectedIssueonCO2asworkingfluidCompressionSystemsinthe"three-yearproject.
Beginningin1994,BMW,DAIMLERBENZVOLO,Germany'sVolkswagenandDanfoss.PéchineyandotherEuropeancompanieslaunchedthefamous"RACE"tothejointproject,theJointEuropeanwell-knownuniversities,automotiveairconditioningmanufacturersandotherdevelopedCO2automotiveair-conditioningsystem.SubregionMotorCompanyhasproductionequipmentCO2car
air-conditioningsystemsofcars,GermanyKONVECTAproductiontothequalityofCO2intheair-conditionedBusesrunfrom1996todate.DANFOSS,theObristAustria,theUnitedKingdomhavedevelopedacarbondioxidecompressormotor.JapanDENSO,ZEXELCO2compressorhasenteredthestageofmassproduction.
Withmajormanufacturersinputs,thetypeofCO2compressorwithordinarymotorcompressortrendlinemajorswingtodeterminethedisplacementswashplate,scrollandthemainvariabledisplacement.
4.Newprincipleofrefrigerationcompressors
Inrecentyears,thenewstructureandworkingprincipleofrefrigerationcompressormadeamoreprogress,mainlylinearcompressor,Ellipticcompressors,compressorrotorSwing,spiralvanecompressor,inthepast,theauthorhasbeendescribedinthearticle,herewillnotrepeatit.
Linearcompressorwhichisthedomesticrefrigeratorcompressorindustrythefocusofattention.In2004theInternationalCompressorEngineeringConferencehasfivelinearcompressoronthearticle.LGandresearchersstillSunpowertwomaincompanies.Thepasttwoyears,severaldomesticenterprisesintherefrigeratorcompressortothedevelopmentofthelinearcompressor,However,enterpriseshavethetechnicalfoundationforthedomesticfinancialstrengthandthelimitationsofscientificresearchinstitutions,believeinashortperiodoftimecannotenterthestageofindustrialization.
5theclassificationoftherefrigerationcompressor
5.1reciprocatingcompressor
Reciprocatingcompressorisakindoftraditionalrefrigerationcompressor,thebiggestcharacteristicistoachievethecapacityandpressurethananyofthedesign.Althoughitiswidelyapplied,butthemarketshareisgraduallyreduced.
Sofar,thefridge(includingsmallfreezingandcoldstoragedevice)hostcompoundcompressorisevertogivepriorityto.Throughtheoptimaldesignofvalvestructure,frictionpair,reciprocatingrefrigeratorcompressorrefrigerationcoefficientofpowerrefrigeratingcapacity(units)by1.0(w/w)oftheearlyninetystotoday's1.8orso;Inadditiontotheenergysavingtechnologyprogress,andenvironmentalprotectioniscloselyrelatedtotherefrigerantalternativetechnologyhasalsomadegratifyingprogress,refrigeratorsysteminourcountryhasalargenumberofusingR600hydrocarbons,suchassmallrefrigerationdeviceisalsousedthenewworkingsubstancesuchaseverything.Tofurtherimprovetheefficiencyofthereciprocatingcompressorrefrigerator,toreducethesystemnoiseisstillthedevelopmentdirectionofit.
5.2linearcompressor
Stillmakereciprocatinglinearcompressor,duetothelinearmotionofthemotorcanbedirectlydrivesthepistonreciprocatingmotion,soastoavoidthecomplexityofthecrankconnectingrodmechanismandtheresultingmechanicalpowerconsumption.Linearcompressorassemblyastherefrigeratorsystemhasappeared,therefrigerationcoefficientoflinearrefrigeratorcompressorhasmorethan2.0(w/w),marketprospectslookgood.Themainproblemisthedesignofthecompressoroilsystemandtheeffectivecontroloflinearmotordisplacementlimitpointandthecorrespondinganti-collisioncylindertechnology.
5.3theswashplatecompressor
Swashplatecompressorisalsoakindofvariantstructureofreciprocatingcompressor,ismainlyusedinautomotiveairconditioningsystematpresent.After
decadesofdevelopment,theswashplatecompressorhasbecomeaverymaturemodel,inpossessionofmorethan70oftheautomotiveairconditioningcompressormarket.Inspiteofthis,becauseitstillbelongstotheseriesofreciprocatingstructure,
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