医学专业英语-词汇课件

BasicElementsofMedicalWords-1originofmedicalEnglishwords1.fromcommonEnglish2.fromLatin3.fromGreek4.coinage1.wordscomingfromcommonEnglish:whoopingcough百日咳Ahighlycontagiousdiseaseoftherespiratorysystem,usuallyaffectingchildren,thatiscausedbythebacteriumBordetellapertussisandischaracterizedinitsadvancedstagebyspasmsofcoughinginterspersedwithdeep,noisyinspirations.Alsocalledpertussis百日咳

Fever发热;short-sight近视;consumption肺痨（消耗）nettlerash;风疹stroke;中风baldness;

indigestion;消化不良blister;水疱，砂眼Swelling肿;measles麻疹Rabies狂犬病;windpipe气管WordscomingfromLatinhumanbodyanatomyfunctionorstatuscerebrum(脑）ala（翼）rigor（寒战）pelvis（骨盆）plexus（丛）stuporcornea（角膜）plica（皱襞）nausea

humerus（肱骨）fossa（窝）tonus（肌肉的强直性,强直性痉挛）capita（头）cervix(颈）bronchus（支气管）Abdomen腹部，腹腔brachium(臂）aorta（主动脉）os（骨）rememberthem:cutis（真皮）fascia（筋膜）corpusgenu（膝）vertebra（椎骨）labium（唇）sinus（窦）othercommonmedicalwordsfromGreekstoma（口，小空）soma（身体，躯干）glottis（声门）derma（真皮）larynx（喉）nephron（肾单位）rachis（脊柱）pharynx（咽）phalanx（指骨）somecommoncoinagesAlzheimer’sdisease/preseniledementia(早老性痴呆）Graves’sdisease/exophthalmicgoiter（突眼性甲状腺肿）Parkinson’sdisease/paralysisagitans（震颤麻痹）Addison’sdisease/chronichypoadrenocorticism（慢性肾上腺皮质功能减退）Pott’sdisease/spinalcaries（脊柱骨疽）Someexamplesofroots

(bases)Word

Root

MeaningEpigraphic碑文的graphwritingAtrophy萎缩trophnourishing

Someexamplesofroots

(bases)WordRootMeaningLobotomy额叶切除术Lob(e)Asubdivisionofabodilyorganorpartboundedbyfissures,connectivetissue,orotherstructuralboundaries.Word

RootMeaningUrology泌尿学ur(ine)waste,fluid,acidproductsecretedbythekidneysIrotomy虹膜切开术ir(is)pigmented,round,contractilemembraneoftheeye,pericardiotomy心包切开术cardioheartnephrotomy肾切开术nephrkidney

ThecombingvowelFindthecombingvowelsinthefollowingwords:geography地理Metropolis大都市Orthodox正统的Monotonous单调的Anthology诗集optometrist(验光师)Urology泌尿学Hydrotherapy水疗法Auriscope耳镜Centigrade摄氏Milimeter毫米Pelvimeter骨盆测量器en,em(in,into)endemic（地方性的）exo(outof)exocrine（外分泌）

hypo(under,below)hypothermia（低温）hypothyroidism（甲状腺机能减退）hyper(over,above)hyperdontia（牙过多）peri(around)pericardium（心包）

para(beside,near)paramedical（准医学的）anti(against)antibiotic（抗生素）antipyretic（退热剂）syn,sym,syl(together,with)syndrome（综合症）symbiosis（共生）epi(on)epidemic（流行病）

extra(outside)extradental(牙外的）extraoral（口外的）in(into)inoculation（接种）invasion（入侵）ex(outof)excretion（排泄）expiration（呼气；终止）sub(below,under)subnormal（低于正常的sublingual（舌下的）infra(below,beneath)infrasonic（听阈下的）infrapsychic（精神阈下的）SomecommonsuffixesfromGreekia（状态）anorexia（厌食）ism（状态，理论)autism（孤僻症）giantism（巨型）osis（状态，增多）leukocytosis（白细胞增多）phobia,phobic（恐怖）hydrophobia（恐水病）philia,philicchromophilia(嗜染性）photophilic（嗜光的）Competingformsalsocalledduplication.usebothGreekandLatinassourcesformedicalwordbases.threetypesofcompetingforms:1)thosethathavethesamebasebutdifferentcombingvowels;2)twoformsofthesamebase;3)twobaseswiththesamemeaning.(onefromGreek,onefromLatin)1)thosethathavethesamebasebutdifferentcombingvowelsexample:Bronchial支气管的bronchopneumonia支气管肺炎Oviduct输卵管ovoplasm卵浆

3)twobaseswiththesamemeaning.(onefromGreek,onefromLatin)synonym:denotethesameobject,process,condition,orfunction

exampleLatin

GreekMeaning

dentist牙医odontologistteethlacrimal泪腺dacryocysttearoral口的stomatopathymouth

exercisesGivethemeaningsofthewordsgivenbelow:dentist odontologistlacrimal dacryocystoralstomatopathyhemohematohematopoiesis（造血）hematocyte（血细胞）hematodynamics（血液动力学）sanguisanguification（造血）sanguineous（血液充足的）sanguivorous(食血的）sanguine（面色红润的；充满希望的）sanguinary（血腥的；嗜血成性的bloodGreekLatinsomatomedicalwords:Somatology人体学commonwordsomaticcorp(corpus)corpor(corpora)corpsecorporealcorporealpunishmentcorpulent（肥胖的）corps（军团）corporationＧreekLatinC１）Greekroots: