毕业论文外文翻译

7毕业论文外文翻译济南大学毕业设计济南大学毕业论文外文资料翻译2-10-毕业论文外文资料翻译题目山东省家庭休闲农场模式及路经研究学院酒店管理学院专业旅游管理（酒店管理方向）班级酒店1001班学生苏标学号20101409068指导教师公学国二〇一四年一月十日JournalofTravel&TourismMarketingVol.34,No.3,pp.422-436,2006.DevelopmentofLeisureFarmsinTaiwan,andPerceptionsofVisitorsTheretoTzu-ChingChangMichiganStateUniversity2002Abstract:InTaiwantheimportanceofagricultureisdecreasing,comparedtootherindustries.Thischangeworsenedin2002afterTai-wanjoinedtheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO).DuetotheincreaseinNationalIncomeandtheimplementationofthefive-dayworkweek,thetouristpopulationisgrowing.Beginningin1989,theCouncilofAgri-cultureofTaiwanselected31ruralareasinwhichtodevelopleisurefarmsforthepurposeofcreatingandpromotingagriculturaltourismandtohelpsustainagriculture.Thisisintendedtobeachievedbyutilizingtheirnaturalbeauty,bypromotingawarenessoftheirecologyandbyun-derstandingtheirenvironmentalresources.Agriculturaltourismcouldgenerateincome,createjobsandencourageretailgrowth.Thepurposeofthispaperis:(1)tobetterunderstandthedevelopmentofleisurefarmsinTaiwan,(2)todescribeleisurefarmvisitorsintermsoftheirdemo-graphicandsocio-economiccharacteristicsandknowledgeaboutleisurefarms,(3)toprofiletheleisurefarmvisitorsbythenumberofvisits,(4)tomeasurelevelsofvisitorsatisfactionswithleisurefarmperfor-mance,and(5)toidentifythemainfactorsofproductsandservicesfortheleisurefarms.Theresultsclearlyidentifythecharacteristicsoflei-surefarmtourists,demonstratetheproblemsofinsufficientknowledgeaboutagriculturaltourismandleisurefarming,andconcludewithsixim-portantfactorsforproductandservicestrategies.[ArticlecopiesavailableforafeefromTheHaworthDocumentDeliveryService:1-800-HAWORTH.Tzu-ChingChangisaPhDCandidate,DepartmentofPark,RecreationandTourismResources,MichiganStateUniversity,EastLansing,MI48823(E-mail:changtzu@).JournalofTravel&TourismMarketing,Vol.15(1)2003KEYWORDS.Leisurefarm,agriculturaltourism,factoranalysis,Taiwan1:IntroductionInTaiwaninrecentyears,thegrowthrateofagriculturehasbeenlowerthanthatofotherindustriessuchasserviceorengineering.In1993,theag-riculturalproductionvaluewas3.64percentoftheNationalGrossProduc-tionRate,andtheproductionvalueoftheserviceindustrywas57.01percent.By2001,theagricultureproductionvaluefelltwopercentagepointsto1.64percentandtheproductionvalueoftheserviceindustryrose12.15percentto69.01percent(NationalStatisticsofTaiwan,2002).Cur-rentlytheTaiwangovernmentaccordsfirstprioritytoeconomicdevelop-ment,whilealsoreleasingfarmlandstootheruse.Currentlyin2002agriculturalproductsfacethekeencompetitioninaliberalizedmarketofinternationalagriculturaltradingafterTaiwanjoinedtheWorldTradeOr-ganization(WTO).Thevalueofagricultureincludesthenon-marketvaluesuchasthebioandearthfunctions,providinggreensceneryandenviron-ment,togetherwiththeecologyfunctionofprotectingnaturalresources,undergroundwater,andsoon.ThesituationissimilarintheUSA,wheresince1970Americaneconomicrestructuringandthefarmingcrisishavereducedruralcommunities’economicopportunitiesseverely.Oneofthemostpopularnontraditionalruraldevelopmentstrategieshasbeentourismanditsassociatedentrepreneurshipopportunitiesbecauseoftourism’sabilitytoattractdollars,generatejobsandsupportretailgrowth(Wilsonetal.,2001,p.132).Sincethe1980s,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanhasdevelopedagriculturetourismbyusingdistinctcultural,natu-ral,historicandgreencharacteristicsoftheagriculturalindustry.Currently(2002),theNationalIncomeofTaiwanisover$10,000percapita,anincreaseofabout80percentcomparedto1992(NationalStatis-ticsofTaiwan,2002).Alsoin2002,thepolicyofthefive-dayworkweekof40hoursintotalwasimplemented.Theincreaseinnationalincomeperca-pitaandmoreleisuretimehaveincreasedthetouristpopulationpotential(TourismBoardofTaiwan,2002).TheTourismBoardofTaiwanreportspeopletraveledfourtimesayearonaveragein2001.Themainreasonsforpeoplenottravelingwerelackoffreetimeandheavytrafficconcerns.Morethan50percentoftravelershadavacationtripandalmost60percent20JOURNALOFTRAVEL&TOURISMMARKETINGDownloadedby[JinanUniversity]at19:2125May2014ofalltravelershaddaytrips.Furthermore,theTourismBoardofTaiwanestimatedthatthetouristpopulationwillexceed109millionby2003.Since1981,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanhadworkedoncom-biningtheagricultureandtourismindustriesanddevelopedagriculturetourisminruralcommunities;aprimereasonforthiswasbecauseofthelowvalueandincomeofagriculturalproduction(Chang,1998).IntheLei-sureFarmGuidingRegulations,agriculturetourisminTaiwanisdefinedasanindustrythatutilizesthebucolicview,naturalecology,andenviron-mentalresources,andthatcombinesagricultureandforestry,fisheryandranchingproduction,agriculturalactivities,farmlandculture,plusfarm-landlifestyle.ThisprovidesanopportunityforTaiwanesetospendtheirleisuretimeinexperiencingagriculturallife(DepartmentofAgricultureExtensionofTaiwanUniversity,1996).Manytypesofrecreationalagri-culture,suchasthecivilianfarm,touristorchard,educationalfarm,leisurefarm,etc.,areavailable(CouncilofAgricultureofTaiwan,2002).Leisurefarming,forexample,hasgreatdevelopmentpotential,althoughitisnotfullyrealized.Developmentofagriculturetourismisrepletewithdifficultiesandde-mands.Startingin1989,theCouncilofAgricultureselected31farmsinru-ralareastodevelopleisurefarms,butonlyonequarterofthemappliedforfinancialaidandthenecessarypermitfordevelopingleisurefarms.Inad-dition,visitors’(consumers’)needsandwantshavealsobecomemoreandmorecomplex.Undersuchcircumstances,leisurefarmmanagementknowledgeandskillhavebecomeimportant.Toincreaseleisurefarmprof-itsandincome,increasethenumberoftheirconsumersandsatisfythede-siresofthoseconsumers,leisurefarmsmustalsoapplymarketingmanagementmethods.Marketingmanagement,ashasbeenintegratedintothemanagementofparkandrecreationorganization,couldbeappliedoverawideregion(Adams,IpsonandMahoney,1999).BesidesmakinganefforttounderstandthedevelopmentofleisurefarmsinTaiwanandvisitors’perceptionsofandknowledgeaboutleisurefarms,thepurposesofthispaperare:1.Todescribeleisurefarmvisitorsintermsofdemographicandsocio-economiccharacteristicsandtheirknowledgeaboutleisurefarms,andtoprofilethevisitorsbythenumberofvisits.2.Tomeasurevisitors’satisfactionwiththeperformanceofleisurefarms.3.Toidentifythemainfactorsofproduct,serviceandpricestrategiesfordevelopingaleisurefarm.ThedefinitionofleisurefarminthispaperismainlyinaccordancewiththeLeisureFarmEstablishingandManagingRegulation,announcedinDecember1992,andtheLeisureFarmGuidingRegulation,announcedandimplementedinDecember1996.Accordingtorule3(III)oftheLeisureFarmGuidingRegulation,theleisurefarmisfarmlandusedforleisureandrecreationalpurposesthatareguidedandestablishedbythemanagementinstitution.Basedonrule6,aleisurefarmisdefinedas“afarmthatcombinesagricultureproductionandthefunctionsofleisure,travel,recreation,andaccommodationinone.”Be-sidesthetraditionalfunctionofagricultureproduction,thisnewkindoffarmcanalsoutilizethebucolicviewandenvironmentalresourcestopro-videtravelandaccommodationservices.Throughvariousactivitiesiten-ablesvisitorstounderstandthefarmproductionprocessplusexperiencetheexcellenceandthesometimesbitternessofagriculturallife.LITERATUREREVIEWFourperiodsmarkedleisurefarmdevelopmentinTaiwan.Before1980,somefarmsinthemiddlepartofTaiwanprovidedU-Pickactivitiesforvis-itors.Thosefarmswereopentovisitorsduringweekendsforcertainmonthsonly,andthemainsourceoffarmincomewasstillfromagricultureproduction.However,thiswasthebeginningoftheleisurefarmconcept.From1981to1986,theTaipeiCityGovernmentandtheDepartmentofAgricultureofTaipeibegantopromoteagriculturetourisminTaipeibyde-velopingU-Pickactivitiesinfarms.Meanwhile,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanhelpedfarmerstodevelopU-Pickactivitiesinallruralareas.However,norecreationactivitiesweredesignedorprovidedforvisitorsexceptU-Pick.In1988,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanandNationalTaiwanLITERATUREREVIEWFourperiodsmarkedleisurefarmdevelopmentinTaiwan.Before1980,somefarmsinthemiddlepartofTaiwanprovidedU-Pickactivitiesforvis-itors.Thosefarmswereopentovisitorsduringweekendsforcertainmonthsonly,andthemainsourceoffarmincomewasstillfromagricultureproduction.However,thiswasthebeginningoftheleisurefarmconcept.From1981to1986,theTaipeiCityGovernmentandtheDepartmentofAgricultureofTaipeibegantopromoteagriculturetourisminTaipeibyde-velopingU-Pickactivitiesinfarms.Meanwhile,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanhelpedfarmerstodevelopU-Pickactivitiesinallruralareas.However,norecreationactivitiesweredesignedorprovidedforvisitorsexceptU-Pick.In1988,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanandNationalTaiwanUniversitydevelopedagriculturetourismbyeducatingtheownersoffarmsaboutoperatingagriculturetourismandintroducingdifferenttypesofagriculturetourismtothepublic.Theleisurefarmwasonetypeofagriculturetourism.From1989,theCouncilofAgricultureofTaiwanse-lected31farmsinwhichtodevelopleisurefarms.Ofthe31farms,only15appliedforaoperationpermitandofthe15,onlynineareactuallyopenbusinessforvisitorscurrently(i.e.,in2002).Theremainderonlyoperated22JOURNALOFTRAVEL&TOURISMMARKETINGDownloadedby[JinanUniversity]at19:2125May2014theleisurefarmsforacertaintimebutthenclosedforvariousreasonssuchasfinancialissues,insufficientknowledgeaboutmanagement,orbeingtoobusywithagriculturalproduction.Inaddition,fourleisurefarmsarecur-rentlyopenforthepubliceventhoughtheydidnotapplyforapermitforoperatingleisurefarms(Chang,1998).Thebiggestreasonfordevelopingleisurefarmsinhasbeentodiversifythefarmingsystemthroughtheadoptionofalterna-tiveenterprisesontheholding”(p.257).Comparedtootherindustries,tourismisaviablemethodofdevelopmentbecauseitiseconomicallyfea-sible,relativelyclean(notreliantonmanufacturing),enhancestherecre-ationopportunityinacommunityandisalsoamethodofeconomicadvancementanddevelopmentthatcanbeundertakenbytheresidentsandfarmersofaruralcommunity(Lewis,1998).Moreovermostruralareashavespecialappealfortouristsbecauseofdistinctcultural,historical,eth-nicandgeographiccharacteristics(Wilsonetal.,2001).Nickersonetal.(2001)identified11differentmotivations/reasonsfortheoccurrenceofdi-versificationinfarms.Thoseare:(1)fluctuationsinagricultureincome,(2)employmentforfamilymembers,(3)additionalincome,(4)lossofgovernmentagricultureprograms,(5)meetinganeedintherecreation/va-cationmarket,(6)companionshipwithguests/users,(7)interest/hobby,(8)betteruseoffarmresources,(9)successofotherfarmrecreationbusi-ness,(10)educationofthecustomer,and(11)taxincentives.Differentfarmersmayhavedifferentreasonsfortheirfarmdiversificationintoagri-culturaltourism.Itisclearthatagriculturaltourismisonealternativeforimprovingtheincomesandpotentialeconomicviabilityofsmallfarmsandruralcommunities.Reference：[1]Adams,J.H.,Ipson,N.,&Mahoney,E.M.(1999).Publicrelations,marketing,andcus-tomerservice.InB.V.D.Smissen,M.Moiseichik,V.J.Hartenburg,L.F.Twardzik(Eds.),Managementofparkandrecreationagencies(pp.403-488).Ashburn:NationalRecreationandParkAssociation.[2]Lewis,J.B.(1998).Thedevelopmentofruraltourism.Parks&Recreation,33(9):99-107.[3]Hair,J.F.etal.(1992).Multivariatedataanalysis(3rded.).NewYork:Macmillan.旅游与游客杂志,2006,Vol.34,No.3,pp.422-436.台湾休闲农场与消费者接受度Tzu-ChingChang美国密歇根大学，2002摘要在台湾相对于其他行业，农业的重要性下降。这种变化,于2002年台湾搬加入世界贸易组织(WTO)出现。由于国民收入的增加和实施五天工作周，旅游人口增长。委员会从1989年开始,台湾选择31个农村地区发展休闲农场。目的是创建和促进农业旅游，帮助维持农业。这是通过利用他们的自然之美,通过促进生态和环境资源意识。农业旅游可以产生收入,创造就业机会,并鼓励零售增长。目的为了更好地理解休闲农场在台湾的发展,计算休闲农场游客访问的数量,测量游客对休闲农场满意水平,确定休闲农场产品和服务的主要影响因素。结果清楚地显示休闲农场游客的特点,展示知识不足的问题对农业旅游和休闲农业的六个重要因素。关键词台湾；休闲农场，市场分析前言近年来,在台湾农业的增长速度一直比其他行业或工程等服务低。1993年,国民生产总值(gdp)的结果率3.64%表示,和服务业的产值为57.01百分比，到2001年,农业产值下降两个百分比点到1.64%,服务业的产值上升台湾12.15%到69.01%(国家统计局,2002)。随着经济发展台湾政府协议的首要任务,是放开使用农田。目前在2002年台湾加入世界贸易Or-ganization(WTO)农产品自由化市场面临着激烈的国际争。农业的价值包括非市场价值如生物和地球功能,提供绿色的风景和保护自然资源的生态功能,地下的水,等等。在美国,情况也差不多,自1970年以来美国经济结构调整和农业危机严重降低了农村社区的经济机会。最受欢迎的是非传统农村发展，因为旅游及其相关的创业机会旅游吸引资金的能力,创造就业机会和支持零售增长(威尔逊etal.,2001,p.132)。自1980年代以来,农业委员会台湾农业旅游开发利用独特的文化、历史和绿色农业产业的特性。目前(2002年),台湾的国民收入超过10000美元每人,比1992年增加了约80%(国家统计学的台湾-tics,2002)。同样在2002年,五天工作周的政策40小时总共实施。每国民收入的增加,更多的闲暇时间增加了旅游人口的潜力(台湾旅游局,2002)。台湾的旅游委员会报告人们在2001年平均每年四次旅行。的主要原因不旅行的人缺乏空闲时间和交通拥挤问题。超过50%的游客度假旅行,近60%旅客都天旅行。此外,台湾旅游局估计旅游人口到1.09亿年将超过1.09亿。自1981年以来,台湾的农业委员会曾在农业和旅游业和农业发达旅游在农村地区,主要的原因是因为农业生产低价值和收入(Ch