分词-p1.包括现在分词

分词包括：现在分词

过去分词时态和语态变化主动形式形式现在分词一般形式(not)

ng(not)

beingdone现在分词完成形式(not)

having

done(not)

having

beendone过去分词done

分词及分词短语作状语可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随状态，既可放在句首也可以放在句末，通常用逗号与句字其它部分分开。特别要注意:分词及其逻辑主语（即整个句子的主语）的一致性。如果分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动关系，即分词中的动作是逻辑主语自己主动做的，分词用现在分词；如果是关系，则用过去分词。1.分词做状语a.时间状语While

I

was

walking

down

the

street,

I

ran

intoSam.→Walking

down

the

street,

I

ran

intoSam.→While

walking

down

thestreet,

I

ran

into

Sam.before,

after,

when,

whenever,

while,

untilPractice:When

he

heard

the

news,

he

burst

into

crying.Hearing

the

news,

he

burst

into

crying.When

hearing

thenews,

heburstinto

crying.When

young

children

are

left

alone,

they

can

getthemselves

into

all

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.→

When

left

alone,

young

children

can

getthemselves

into

all

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.→

Left

alone,

young

children

can

get

themselves

intoall

sorts

of

trouble

very

quickly.Notice:（错）While

crossing

the

street,

a

taxi

ran

over

thischild.（对）While

crossing

the

street,

this

child

was

runover

by

a

taxi.（对）While

this

child

was

crossing

the

street,

a

taxiran

over

him.Notice:完成式分词可以表示该动作的时间是在谓语动词所表示的动作以前或已持续了若干时间、重复了若干次；not或never用以表示否定，一般放在分词之前Having

lived

long

in

London,

he

speaks

thestandard

south-of-England

English.Not

having

eaten

his

dinner,

he

rushed

out

of

thehouse.Having

failed

twice,

he

didn’t

want

to

tryagain.比较：Watchin

I

had

some

visitors.Having

watched

TV,

I

hadsomevisitors.Practice:1.

such

a

tool,

she

met

with

a

lot

of

difficultiesat

.A.

Not

having

handledC.

Having

handled

neverB.

Never

handlingD.

Never

handled2.

in

1636,

Harvard

is

one

of

themostfamousuniversities

in

the

United

States.A.Being

foundedFoundB.It

was

foundedD.

Founding3.辛苦工作了一整天，我昨天晚上觉得很累。Having

worked

hard

all

day,Iwas

very

tiredyesterday.b.条件状语e.g.

If

the

supply

is

used

economically,

it

willlast

for

a

month.Used

economically,

the

supply

will

last

for

amonth.If

used

economically,

thesupply

will

last

for

amonth.e.g.

(If)

Working

hard,

you’ll

achieve

wonders.once

（一旦）/unless

（除非）Practice:

your

composition

carefully,

somespelling

mistakescan

be

avoided.A.

Having

checkedB.

CheckIf

you

check D.

To

check除非年轻时受训，没人能成为好的音乐家。Nobody

can e

a

good

musician

unless

trained

young.c.

原因状语e.g.

Because

he

was

seriously

ill,

he

was

sentto

hospital.Being

seriously

ill,

he

was

sent

to

hospital.Practice:由于买不起汽车，他买了一辆自行车。Being

unable

to

afford

a

car,

he

bought

a

bicycle.d.结果状语e.g.

The

new

machineswill

work

twice

asfast,

thus

reducing

costs.比较：He

arrived

home

late,

only(find)

nobody

in.to

finde.

让步状语e.g.

Slapped

in

the

face

byher,

he

still

didn’thate

her.Though

slapped

in

the

face

by

her,

hedidn’t

hate

her.f.

方式和伴随状况e.g.

The

man

came

into

the

house

and

followed

histhree

dogs.The

mancame

into

the

house,

following

histhree

dogs.e.g.

The

man

came

into

the

house

and

was

followed

by

his

three

dogs.The

mancame

into

the

house,

followed

by

histhree

dogs.Practice:Hedied,

l_eav_in_g

(leave)nothingbutdebts.Hesatintheroom,

l_eft

(leave)alone.Notice:现在分词go/come/sit/lie/stand

｛

过去分词e.g.

They

came

into

the

room

talking

and

laughing.They

went

away

unnoticed.Practice:他们坐在

中讲故事。They

sat

in

the

dark

ling

stories.那位老人站着被他的孩子们围绕着。The

old

man

stood

surrounded

by

his

children.如果分词的逻辑主语与句子中的主语不一致，只能用状语从句或分词的独立主格结构If

weather

permits,we

shall

go

out

for

aMonday.（状语从句）Weather

permitting,we

shall

go

out

for

aon

Monday.（独立主格）ic

onicWhenthe

sun

had

set,we

arrived

at

a

smallvillage.（状语从句）The

sun

having

set,

we

arrived

at

a

smallvillage.（独立主格）All

the

money

spent,

we

started

looking

for

work.（

）Asthere

was

no

taxi,we

had

towalk.（状语从句）There

being

no

taxi,

we

hadto

walk.（独立主格）Practice:Thework

,

John

went

to

see

a

film.done

B.

ng C.to

be

done D.todoPractice:1.Unless

to

speak，you

should

remainsilent

at

the

conference.B.invitingD.

having

invited2.Though

money，his

parents

managed

tosendhim

to

university.A.

lackedB.lacking

ofD.

lacked

in—A.

invitedC.

being

invitedC—.

lacking3.

The

secretary

worked

late

into

the

night，

a

long

speech

for

theA.

toprepareC.prepared.—B.preparingD.

was

preparing4.

up

at

his

father,he

asked

what

was

thematter

with

him.A.

Having

looked B.

LookingC.

To

look D.

Look5.

your

head，andyou’llseethesun

now.—A—.

Raise;

risingB.Raise;

raisingD.Lift;

being

risenC.

To

raise;

risingThe

Olympic

Games，

in

776

B.C.，didnot

include

women

players

until

1912.playing B.tobe

playedC.

to

be

playingD.

played———7.When

her

father，the

girl

burst

out

crying.A.

asking

of` B.asked

aboutC.

being

asked

D.asked8.

Themankept

silent

intheroomunless

.A.

spoken

B.speaking C.to

speak D.spoken

to10.

“Can’t

you

read?”

Mary

said,

to

the

notice.B.and

point

angrilyD.and

angrily

pointing—A—.

angrily

pointingC.

angrily

pointed————9.Not

it

right，he

was

encouraged

to

try

again.A.

did

B.done C.to

do

—D—.having

done11.

European

football

is

played

in

80

countries，

it

themost

popular

sport

inthe

world.A.

making

B.makes C.

made D.to

make12.If

ill，I’ll

stay

home，

a

good

rest.A.

to

fall;

takingB.fall;

to

takingD.falling;

takeC.

falling;

taking13.

，the

boy

couldn’t

enter

his

house.A.

Since

the

keyhas

lost B.The

key

was

lostC.

Lost

thekey D.Having

lost

the

key——————14.Hesteppedintohisroom，only

alotofthings

.A.

finding;

robbedC.

found;

missed—B—.to

find;

stolenD.to

find;

robbed15.Whodoyouthink

him

angry?B.makeD.making—A—.

madeC.

to

make2.

分词做定语having

done

不用做定语和补语done

不用做主语said d

buy

a

gift

for

herdaughterwiththe

.20

dollars

remained20

dollars

to

remainremained

20

dollarsremaining

20

dollarsa.

位置：只有一个分词就放在被修饰词之前(前置定语）；如果是分词短语就放在被修饰词之后（后置定语）e.g.

a

crying

boy

/

a

spoiled

boya

boy

standing

behind

me

a

boy

dressed

in

blackNotice:the

people

concerned

the

man

involved

(the

friends

invited)有关牵涉其中的人b.含义现在分词作定语是表示主动的含义，即“使人或令人”如何如何e.g.

It

was

a

frightening

sound.或“正在”如何如何e.g.

It

is

dangerous

to

swim

in

running

water.e.g.

Do

you

know

the

man

coming

towards

us?=

the

manwho

is

coming或某个动作经常发生或状态一直存在=e.g.

The

book

belonging

to

me

was

missing.=

The

book

which

belonged

to

me

wasmissing.e.g.

Anyone

wanting

to

join

the

club

will

signhere.Anyone

who

wants

to

join

the

club

willsign

here.Notice:They

are

talking

about

the

accident

yesterday.B.

happeningD.

to

happenA.

happened—C—.

which

happened动作有先后一般不用现在分词，而用定语从句过去分词作定语是表示

或已经的含义，即“被、感觉或已经”如何如何；其中：及物动词的过去分词表示

的含义e.g.

The

frightened

child

hid

behind

the

door.The

damaged

automobile

was

sold

for

junk.=

The

automobile

which

was

damaged……不及物动词的过去分词只是表示“已经成为……状态”的含义e.g.

In

fall,

the

ground

is

often

covered

withfallen

leaves.=

……leaves

which

have

fallen.c.

区别现在分词与过去分词的区别boiling

waterthe

drowning

manboiled

waterthe

drowned

manthe

developed

countrythe

develo

country现在分词与动名词的区别slee

dogsslee

bags= dogs

which

are

slee=bags

which

are

usedfor

slee不定式、现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别1.

The

meeting

to

be

held_

(hold)

tomorrow

isunknown

tous.=

The

meeting

which

will

be

held

tomorrow

is=unknown

to

us.unknown

tous.2.

The

meeting

_being

held_

(hold)

now

is

unknown

tous.The

meeting

which

is

being

held

now

is=unknown

to

us.3.Themeeting

held

(hold)

yesterday

isunknown

tous.The

meeting

which

was

held

yesterday

is结论：不定式to

do做后置定语可以表示将要发生进行的事，的事，

用to

bedone现在分词

ng做后置定语可以表示正在用being

done过去分词done做后置定语可以表示已经做完的事，而且是

的Practice:Thereisalotofworkfor

me

to

d_o

(do).Thereweremanyfans

wa_i_ti_ng

(wait)

outside.There

are

several

reference

books(leave)

for

you.l_eftPractice:1.

Mr.Smith，

ofthe

speech，started

to

read

a

novel.B.tiring;

boredD.tiring;

boring—A—.tired;

boringC.tired;

bored2.

Don’t

use

words，expressions，or

phrases

only

to

people

with

specificknowledge.A.

being

knownC.

to

be

knownB.

having

been

known—D—.

known3.

The

houses are

for

the

old

peopleand

the

construction

work

will

start

soon.A.

builtC.

to

build—B—.

to

be

builtD.

being

built4.

Prices

of

daily

goods through

acomputer

can

be

lower

than

store

prices.A.

are

boughtC.

buyingB.

been

bought—D—.

bought5.Manythings

impossible

in

thepast

are

very

common

today.B.

to

considerD.

being

consideredA.

considering—C—.

considered6.

The

youngest

daughter

got

angry

again.Motherfeltvery

and

father’sfaceworea

expression，too.B.puzzling;

puzzledD.puzzled;

puzzling—A—.

puzzled;

puzzledC.puzzling;

puzzling7.

He

devoted

himself

to

hel the

poor

andthesuffering,

usall.A.

to

move B.

movingC.

to

be

moved D.

moved8.Theoldlady,deeply

by

what

she

hadseen,

could

hardly

say

anything

at

themoment.A.

to

moveC.

to

be

movedB.

moving—D—.moved——9.

with

developed

countries,

Chinastill

has

a

long

way

to

go

in

thedevelopment

of

science

and

technology.B.

To

compareD.

CompareA.

Comparing—C—.

Compared10.

your

essay

with

his,

I

found

yourswas

more

instructive.A.

Compared B.

If

tocompareC.

After

compared

—D—.

When

comparing3.分词做表语e.g.

If

a

story

is

interesting,

you

are

interested

when

you

read

it.e.g.

Why

do

you

look

confused

/

puzzled?

Isthe

math

problem

confusing

/

puzzling?e.g.

He

seems

exhausted.vt.

satisfy

/

excite

/

disappoint

/

worry

/frighten

/

amusetire

/

bore

/surprise

/

astonish

/

shock

/

amaze4.

分词做宾语补足语a.表示感觉和心理状态的动词，比如：hear,listen

to,see,

look

at,

watch,

notice,observe,

feel,

find,

smell等之后接宾语和动词的现在分词，表示动作正在进行的时候，偶然被看到或听到等等，换言之，用现在分词是表示看到、听到、感到或发现的时候，动作正在进行之中。e.g.

Could

you

smell

anything

burning?e.g.

I

can

feel

the

house

shaking

now.c.p.Last

night

when

I

passed

her

room,

Iheard

her

singing.动作的一个片段，还没有结束/正在发生I

never

heard

her

speak

English.事情的全过程，已经结束，强调结果e.g.

I

never

heard

him

spoken

ill

of.（我从来未听过有人说他的坏话。）e.g.

Yesterday

I

saw

John

beaten

by

hisfather.强调动作已经完成，与宾语之间的关系为关系Practice:1.

Don’t

bother

me.

I’m

listening

to

the

birds

.A.

tosingC.

to

singing—B—.

singingD.

sung2.

Has

he

ever

been

seen

_to

dance

(dance)?When

passing

the

room,

he

was

heard

crying

(cry).John

was

seen

b_ea_ten

(beat)

by

hisfather.b.一些表示“致使、使得”等意义的动词，如：have,

set,leave,

get,

want,make,

keep等也有类似用法e.g.

He

entered

,

and

left

mestandingoutside.（他先进去了，把我留在外面站着。）e.g.

He

often

left

the

work

half

done.（他时常把工作只做了一半就丢下了。）c.p.1.Theywantthejob

by of

thisyear,whichweconsider

impossible.A.

to

have

been

done…to

be—B.—done…to

beC.

done…beingD.

being

done…/want

to

dowant

ngwant

O.

to

dowant

O.

done（主语）想要做某事（主语）需要被……想要……做某事想要……被做……B.

have

it

doneD.

having

it

donePlease

hurry

him

up!

We

hardly

have

anytime

.A.

to

go

—B—.

left C.

to

leave D.

leavingA

computer

does

only

what

thinking

people

.—A—.

have

itdoC.

have

done

ithave

sb.

do

sth.have

O. ng

sth.①一段时间里面使……一直做某事e.g.

He

had

us

laughing

all

through

the

meal.（整个的那顿饭，他使他们大笑不已。）②“won’t/can’t

have+sb.+ ng”是表示“不允许或

”的含义e.g.

I

won’t

have

you

saying

such

thingsabout

him.（我不允许你说他这种事情。）have

sth.

done

/

get

sth.

done①主语叫别人或雇人做某事，且对宾语来说是

的e.g.

尽快叫人将伤员送去医院。Get

(or

Have

)

the

wounded

men

taken

tohospital

as

quickly

as

you

can.②叙述意外的、不幸的事情，并非主语叫他人所为e.g.

He

had

(or

got)

his

house

burnt

inthe

late

fire.（他的房子在最近一次火灾

掉了。）4.Sheshouldgether

eyes

.A.

to

be

testedC.

to

have

been

testedB.

being

tested—D—.testedget

sb.

to

doget

O.

ngget

sth.

done使

做某事I’ll

try

to

get

the

car

going.Notice:比较：①

I’m

sorry

to

have

kept

you

waiting.Please

keep

your

eyes

fixed

on

your

books.②

I

could

not

make

them

understand

me.I

could

not

make

myself

understood.make

O.

ng (错）catch

sb.

ng

撞见/

抓住

正做…坏事e.g.

If

she

catches

you

reading

her

diary,s be

furious.5.

She

was

still

fast

asleep,

with

her

head

deep

into

her

arms.A.

bury B.

to

buryC.

burying D.

buried

with+宾语+分词（做宾语补足语）表示谓语动词所表示的动作发生时伴随着的情况；介词with后面的宾语也就是分词所表动作的逻辑主语。用-ing分词表示逻辑主语是主动做某事；用-ed分词表示

。without也有类似用法。——Practice

1:Bequiet.Ican’thear

with

you

(talk)

so

loud.Therehewas

lyingwithhiseyes

(open)

.He

went

angrily

away

,

without