英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod课件

HistoryandSelectedReadingsofBritishLiterature

1OutlineofBritishLiterature1.Anglo-SaxonPeriod盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066)2.Anglo-NormanPeriod(MiddleAges)盎格鲁-诺曼时期(1066—1485）3.TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期（15世纪后期—17世纪初）4.The17thCentury(AgeofRevolutionandRestoration)17世纪文学5.TheEnlightenment启蒙时期（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）6.TheRomanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832）7.TheCriticalRealism批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代-1918）8.TheModernPeriod现代主义时期（1918-1945）9.ContemporaryEnglishLiterature当代文学（1945—至今）OutlineofBritishLiterature12

TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod

(449A.D.-1066A.D.)

TheAnglo-SaxonPerio3ContentsII.CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiteratureAnglo-SaxonPoetryIII.IV.

Anglo-SaxonProseV.

AssignmentsTheHistoricalBackgroundI.ContentsII.Characteristicsof4I.HistoricalBackgroundI.HistoricalBackground51.TheBritonsTheEnglishpeoplearenotofoneoriginbutamixedblood.BritonsEarlyInhabitantsBritainatribeofCeltsthelandofBritonsprimitivepeopleclusteringofhutstribalsociety1.TheBritonsTheEnglishpeo62.TheRomanConquest55B.C.JuliusCaesar,theRomanconquerorBritonsfoughtfiercelyBritainwasundercontrolcompletelybytheRomanEmpirein78A.D.2.TheRomanConquest55B.C.J71.Britons,trodden(trampled)downasslavesorcultivatorsoftheland2.TheRomanmodeoflifecameacrosstoBritainwiththeConquestBuildingsofRomanstyleforRomanconquerorsHighwaysorRomanroadsformilitarypurposesTownsbuiltE.g.LondonChristianityintroducedInfluencesoftheRomanConquest1.Britons,trodden(trampled)8beginningof5thcentury:decliningoftheRomanEmpireIn410A.D.Romanswithdrew.400yearsofoccupationbeginningof5thcentury:In49AftertheRomanConquest,swarmsofpiratescametoinvadefromNorthernEurope.AnglesSaxonsJutes7th.CUnitedintoOneKingdom7smallkingdomspeople:EnglishEngland:Angle-landLanguage:Anglo-Saxon︾OldEnglish盎格鲁人撒克逊人朱特人3.TheEnglish/Anglo-SaxonConquestAftertheRomanConquest,swa104.SocialConditionoftheAnglo-Saxonsbeforethesettlementafterthesettlementthetribalsocietyfamiliesunitedbykinship(血族关系)chiefsandwarriorschief’sbread;thebooty(plunder战利品)poweroflifeanddeath;closerelationship

organsofstatekingship(君王统治)themilitarycommanderTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodwitnessedaTransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.4.SocialConditionoftheAng115.TheAnglo-SaxonreligiousbeliefTheAnglo-Saxonswereheathen(异教徒)people,believinginoldmythologyofNorthernEurope.EnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbytheNorthernmythology.5.TheAnglo-Saxonreligiousb12In597St.AugustinefromRomebroughtChristianity.Within100yearsthewholeEnglandwasChristianized.Heathenpeoplewiththeirpaganismwithdrewtoremoteareas.AmixtureofpaganismandChristianityexistedintheAnglo-Saxonsociety.Themonksinthemonasteriesmaintainedtotingetheearliestworkswhencopiedthem.TheAnglo-SaxonreligiousbeliefTheAnglo-Saxonreligiousbeli13Anglo-SaxonWomanTheevidenceofwhatAnglo-Saxonwomenworecomesfromillustratedmanuscriptsandtapestries.Ingeneraltheircostumesconsistedofalinenunderdress,andanoverdressmadeofwoolorheavylinen.Theyworeawimpleandveil.Pictured:Ladyoftheninthcentury,fromJosephStrutt,publishedoriginallyinEnglandin1862.CountessJudithofflanders,fromtheBayeuxtapestry.

Anglo-SaxonWoman

14Anglo-SaxonMaleAnglo-Saxonmalesworetunicswithtrimandtightfittingbraiseorpants.Theyworewoolcloaksthatwerefastenedwithpins.GreatsealofEdwardtheConfessorpictured.

Anglo-SaxonMale15Weapons

InearlyAnglo-Saxontimesthesword(suchastheexamplesonthebelow)wasbyandlargealmostparallelsideddowntothetip,whereitthentaperedtoapoint;althoughtaperingbladessimilartolateSaxonandVikingswordswerenotunknownatthatpoint.Theseearlyswordsusuallyhadpommelsandcrossguardsmadeupoflayersoforganicmaterialsuchaswood,boneorhorn;whichwereoftensandwiched,embellishedwith,orevencompletelycoveredby,bronze,goldandsilver.Someexampleswereeveninlaidwithgarnetstrappedinseparatecells,orweredecoratedwithenamel.Someswordsalsohadaringattachedtotheupperguard,thattobeginwithwasatruering,butlaterbecamebastardisedintoavestigialringsuchasthatontheSuttonHoosword.Theirpurposeisunclear,althoughtheymayhaverepresentedsomespecialhonourbestowedonthesword'sowner.

Weapons16Anglo-SaxonHomes,LifeandLivingAnglo-SaxonHomes,LifeandLi17

EarlyEnglishArchitecture

TheBuildingsoftheAnglo-Saxons

EarlyEnglishArchitecture

T18英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod课件19Ⅱ.Characteristicsof

Anglo-SaxonLiteratureThereweretwoliterarydivisions:onewaspaganandtheotherwasreligious.Andthemainliteraryformsarepoetryandprose,andpoetrywasinoralform.Ⅱ.Characteristicsof

Anglo-Sa20Threecharacteristics:1.

Anglo-Saxonliteratureisalmostaverseliteratureinoralform.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.2.

TherearetwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinAnglo-Saxonperiod—pagan(世俗诗)andreligious（宗教诗）poetry.Paganpoetrywas

representedbyBeowulfwhilereligiouspoetrywasrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmon（凯德蒙）andCynewulf(基涅武甫）.3.

Inthe8thcentury,Anglo-Saxonproseappeared.ThefamousprosewritersofthatperiodwereVenerableBede

（比德）andAlfredtheGreat（阿尔弗烈德大王）.Threecharacteristics:21Ⅲ.Anglo-SaxonPoetry1.PaganPoetry（世俗诗）Thepaganpoetry,alsocalledsecularpoetry,doesnotcontainanyspecificChristiandoctrineandemphasizesontheharshnessofcircumstanceandthehelplessnessofhumansbeforethepoweroffate.Beowulfistherepresentative.2.ReligiousPoetry（宗教诗）ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry.Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints’lives.ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems.ItisrepresentedbyCaedmonandCynewulf.

Ⅲ.Anglo-SaxonPoetry1.Pagan221.ThePaganPoetry:

TheSongofBeowulf

《贝奥武甫之歌》i.Introductionii.Analysisof“Beowulf”iii.Featuresof“Beowulf”iv.Whatisanepic?1.ThePaganPoetry:

TheSong23TheSongofBeowulfTheSongofBeowulf24i.IntroductionItscharacters:

Beowulf:nephewofHygelac

Hygelac:kingofGeatsinJutland

Hrothgar:kingoftheDanes

Grendel:amonsterGrendel’smother:she-monster

i.IntroductionItscharacters:25Introduction2.Itsplot:Beowulf’sfightwiththemonsterGrendelinHrothgar’shall(Heorot)2)Beowulf’sslayingofGrendel’smotherinherlair3)Beowulf’sreturntohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethrone.

4)Beowulf’svictoryindeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefiredragonIntroduction2.Itsplot:26

TheStoryofBeowulfillustratedbythefollowing14pictures:

TheStoryofBeowulfillust27Hrothgar,kingoftheDanesHrothgar,kingoftheDanes28Heorot(Themeadhall)Heorot(Themeadhall)29Grendel,themonsterGrendel,themonster30BeowulfwenttohelpHrothgarBeowulfwenttohelpHrothga31ThequeenfilledBeowulf'sCupThequeenfilledBeowulf'sCup32BeowulftoreoffGrendel’sarmandshoulder…BeowulftoreoffGrendel’sarm33Theshe-monsteralmostkilledBeowulf.Theshe-monsteralmostkilled34Beowulffinallysucceeded.Beowulffinallysucceeded.35Beowulfruledthecountryforabout50years…Beowulfruledthecountryfor36TheFireDragonguardedthetreasure.Arunawayslavestolethetreasure…TheFireDragonguardedthetr37BeowulfwenttofightwiththeFireDragon.Beowulfwenttofightwiththe38Beowulffoughtagainst

theFireDragon.Beowulffoughtagainst

the39Beowulfwaswounded

anddied.Beowulfwaswounded

and40Theykilledthedragonandgotthetreasure…Theykilledthedragonandgot41II.

AnalysisofBeowulf1.ItisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.2.Itwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth.3.Itwaswrittendowninthe10thcentury.4.Beowulfisagrandhero.1)bravedeeds2)faithfultohispeopleII.AnalysisofBeowulf1.Iti425.Itreflectsthefeaturesofthetribalsocietyofancienttimes.front:stormynorthernoceanback:impenetrableforestsagainsttheforcesofnaturemonsters:beneaththesea,inthemarshesinthedarkforests

AnalysisofBeowulf5.Itreflectsthefeaturesof43III.WritingfeaturesofBeowulf1.Themoststrikingfeatureistheuseofalliteration(头韵).ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatland,Fortheirhero’spassing,hishearth-companions2.Otherfeaturesaretheuseofmetaphors

and

of

understatements(低调陈述).III.WritingfeaturesofBeowu44

Metaphors:ring-giver:hearth-companions:whale’sroad:sea-wood:Understatement:kingattendantwarriorsseashipverywelcome

arighttocondemn

neednotpraise:

nottroublesome:WritingfeaturesofBeowulfMetaphors:Understatement:king45

iv.Whatisanepic(史诗)?

epic(heroicpoem):anextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,likeHomer’sIliad&Odyssey.Itusuallycelebratesthefeatsofoneormorelegendaryortraditionalheroes.

iv.Whatisanepic(史诗)?

epic46

2.TheReligiousPoetry

ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry.Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints’lives.ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems.ItisrepresentedbyCaedmon

（凯德蒙）

andCynewulf

（塞内武甫）.

2.TheReligiousPoetry

Ther47(1)Caedmon(610-680)CaedmonisthefirstknownreligiouspoetofEngland.HeisknownasthefatherofEnglishsong.HislifestoryisvividlydescribedinBede’sHistoricEcclesiastical（英格兰人教会史）.HisfirstpoemiscalledTheHymnofPraise(赞美诗）.Lateron,Caedmoncomposedmanyotherpoemsbyusingthebiblicalmaterials.(1)Caedmon(610-680)Caedmoni48(2)Cynewulf(early9thCentury)Cynewulflivedintheearly9thcentury.ExcepttheunknowncomposerofBeowulf,heisregardedasthegreatestAnglo-Saxonpoet.Ofhislifeweknowverylittle.Hewasprobablyanecclesiastic牧师andascholar.Hisnameremainedunknownuntil1840.Cynewulftookhissubjectmatterpartlyfromthechurchliturgy,morelargelyfromthehomiliesofGregorytheGreat.Throughoutthepoem,adeeploveforChristandreverenceforVirginMaryareexpressed.(2)Cynewulf(early9thCentur493.Anglo-SaxonProseProseliteraturedidnotshowitsappearanceuntilthe8thcentury.Thereweretwofamousprosewriters:VenerableBede,AlfredtheGreat.3.Anglo-SaxonProse50

(1)VenerableBede(673-735)

ThemostimportantofhisworksisTheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeople（英格兰人教会史）.ThebooknotonlytellsushowreligionwasintroducedandspreadinEnglandbutalsorecountssomehistoricaleventsofthatperiodandAnglo-Saxonmythologicallegends.

(1)VenerableBede(673-735)

51(2)AlfredtheGreat(871-901)AlfredtheGreat,kingofWessexkingdom,isanotherimportantfigureinprosewritingofAnglo-Saxonperiod.Duringhisreign,hetriedeverymeanstoimprovethestateofeducation,suchasfoundingcolleges,andimportingteachersfromEurope.Hewasawell-knowntranslator.HetranslatedsomeimportantLatinworksintoEnglish.Butofhisworks,themostimportantisTheAnglo-SaxonChronicles（盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史）.ThisbookrecordsthemainhappeningsoftheAnglo-Saxonperiod.ItisthebestmonumentoftheOldEnglishprose.(2)AlfredtheGreat(871-901)A52AssignmentsPreviewliteratureintheAnglo-Normanperiod

PreviewChaucer,hislife,masterpiece,hissignificanceandinfluence.TheCanterburyTales

AssignmentsPreviewliterature53

HistoryandSelectedReadingsofBritishLiterature

54OutlineofBritishLiterature1.Anglo-SaxonPeriod盎格鲁-撒克逊时期(449-1066)2.Anglo-NormanPeriod(MiddleAges)盎格鲁-诺曼时期(1066—1485）3.TheRenaissance文艺复兴时期（15世纪后期—17世纪初）4.The17thCentury(AgeofRevolutionandRestoration)17世纪文学5.TheEnlightenment启蒙时期（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）6.TheRomanticism浪漫主义时期（1798-1832）7.TheCriticalRealism批判现实主义时期（19世纪30年代-1918）8.TheModernPeriod现代主义时期（1918-1945）9.ContemporaryEnglishLiterature当代文学（1945—至今）OutlineofBritishLiterature155

TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod

(449A.D.-1066A.D.)

TheAnglo-SaxonPerio56ContentsII.CharacteristicsofAnglo-SaxonLiteratureAnglo-SaxonPoetryIII.IV.

Anglo-SaxonProseV.

AssignmentsTheHistoricalBackgroundI.ContentsII.Characteristicsof57I.HistoricalBackgroundI.HistoricalBackground581.TheBritonsTheEnglishpeoplearenotofoneoriginbutamixedblood.BritonsEarlyInhabitantsBritainatribeofCeltsthelandofBritonsprimitivepeopleclusteringofhutstribalsociety1.TheBritonsTheEnglishpeo592.TheRomanConquest55B.C.JuliusCaesar,theRomanconquerorBritonsfoughtfiercelyBritainwasundercontrolcompletelybytheRomanEmpirein78A.D.2.TheRomanConquest55B.C.J601.Britons,trodden(trampled)downasslavesorcultivatorsoftheland2.TheRomanmodeoflifecameacrosstoBritainwiththeConquestBuildingsofRomanstyleforRomanconquerorsHighwaysorRomanroadsformilitarypurposesTownsbuiltE.g.LondonChristianityintroducedInfluencesoftheRomanConquest1.Britons,trodden(trampled)61beginningof5thcentury:decliningoftheRomanEmpireIn410A.D.Romanswithdrew.400yearsofoccupationbeginningof5thcentury:In462AftertheRomanConquest,swarmsofpiratescametoinvadefromNorthernEurope.AnglesSaxonsJutes7th.CUnitedintoOneKingdom7smallkingdomspeople:EnglishEngland:Angle-landLanguage:Anglo-Saxon︾OldEnglish盎格鲁人撒克逊人朱特人3.TheEnglish/Anglo-SaxonConquestAftertheRomanConquest,swa634.SocialConditionoftheAnglo-Saxonsbeforethesettlementafterthesettlementthetribalsocietyfamiliesunitedbykinship(血族关系)chiefsandwarriorschief’sbread;thebooty(plunder战利品)poweroflifeanddeath;closerelationship

organsofstatekingship(君王统治)themilitarycommanderTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodwitnessedaTransitionfromtribalsocietytofeudalism.4.SocialConditionoftheAng645.TheAnglo-SaxonreligiousbeliefTheAnglo-Saxonswereheathen(异教徒)people,believinginoldmythologyofNorthernEurope.EnglishlanguagewasinfluencedbytheNorthernmythology.5.TheAnglo-Saxonreligiousb65In597St.AugustinefromRomebroughtChristianity.Within100yearsthewholeEnglandwasChristianized.Heathenpeoplewiththeirpaganismwithdrewtoremoteareas.AmixtureofpaganismandChristianityexistedintheAnglo-Saxonsociety.Themonksinthemonasteriesmaintainedtotingetheearliestworkswhencopiedthem.TheAnglo-SaxonreligiousbeliefTheAnglo-Saxonreligiousbeli66Anglo-SaxonWomanTheevidenceofwhatAnglo-Saxonwomenworecomesfromillustratedmanuscriptsandtapestries.Ingeneraltheircostumesconsistedofalinenunderdress,andanoverdressmadeofwoolorheavylinen.Theyworeawimpleandveil.Pictured:Ladyoftheninthcentury,fromJosephStrutt,publishedoriginallyinEnglandin1862.CountessJudithofflanders,fromtheBayeuxtapestry.

Anglo-SaxonWoman

67Anglo-SaxonMaleAnglo-Saxonmalesworetunicswithtrimandtightfittingbraiseorpants.Theyworewoolcloaksthatwerefastenedwithpins.GreatsealofEdwardtheConfessorpictured.

Anglo-SaxonMale68Weapons

InearlyAnglo-Saxontimesthesword(suchastheexamplesonthebelow)wasbyandlargealmostparallelsideddowntothetip,whereitthentaperedtoapoint;althoughtaperingbladessimilartolateSaxonandVikingswordswerenotunknownatthatpoint.Theseearlyswordsusuallyhadpommelsandcrossguardsmadeupoflayersoforganicmaterialsuchaswood,boneorhorn;whichwereoftensandwiched,embellishedwith,orevencompletelycoveredby,bronze,goldandsilver.Someexampleswereeveninlaidwithgarnetstrappedinseparatecells,orweredecoratedwithenamel.Someswordsalsohadaringattachedtotheupperguard,thattobeginwithwasatruering,butlaterbecamebastardisedintoavestigialringsuchasthatontheSuttonHoosword.Theirpurposeisunclear,althoughtheymayhaverepresentedsomespecialhonourbestowedonthesword'sowner.

Weapons69Anglo-SaxonHomes,LifeandLivingAnglo-SaxonHomes,LifeandLi70

EarlyEnglishArchitecture

TheBuildingsoftheAnglo-Saxons

EarlyEnglishArchitecture

T71英国文学TheAngloSaxonPeriod课件72Ⅱ.Characteristicsof

Anglo-SaxonLiteratureThereweretwoliterarydivisions:onewaspaganandtheotherwasreligious.Andthemainliteraryformsarepoetryandprose,andpoetrywasinoralform.Ⅱ.Characteristicsof

Anglo-Sa73Threecharacteristics:1.

Anglo-Saxonliteratureisalmostaverseliteratureinoralform.Itwasonlygivenawrittenformlongafteritscomposition.2.

TherearetwogroupsofEnglishpoetryinAnglo-Saxonperiod—pagan(世俗诗)andreligious（宗教诗）poetry.Paganpoetrywas

representedbyBeowulfwhilereligiouspoetrywasrepresentedbytheworksofCaedmon（凯德蒙）andCynewulf(基涅武甫）.3.

Inthe8thcentury,Anglo-Saxonproseappeared.ThefamousprosewritersofthatperiodwereVenerableBede

（比德）andAlfredtheGreat（阿尔弗烈德大王）.Threecharacteristics:74Ⅲ.Anglo-SaxonPoetry1.PaganPoetry（世俗诗）Thepaganpoetry,alsocalledsecularpoetry,doesnotcontainanyspecificChristiandoctrineandemphasizesontheharshnessofcircumstanceandthehelplessnessofhumansbeforethepoweroffate.Beowulfistherepresentative.2.ReligiousPoetry（宗教诗）ThereligiouspoetryisalsocalledChristianpoetry.Itismainlyonbiblicalstoriesandsaints’lives.ButsometimesthereisamixtureofChristianandpaganideasinthesepoems.ItisrepresentedbyCaedmonandCynewulf.

Ⅲ.Anglo-SaxonPoetry1.Pagan751.ThePaganPoetry:

TheSongofBeowulf

《贝奥武甫之歌》i.Introductionii.Analysisof“Beowulf”iii.Featuresof“Beowulf”iv.Whatisanepic?1.ThePaganPoetry:

TheSong76TheSongofBeowulfTheSongofBeowulf77i.IntroductionItscharacters:

Beowulf:nephewofHygelac

Hygelac:kingofGeatsinJutland

Hrothgar:kingoftheDanes

Grendel:amonsterGrendel’smother:she-monster

i.IntroductionItscharacters:78Introduction2.Itsplot:Beowulf’sfightwiththemonsterGrendelinHrothgar’shall(Heorot)2)Beowulf’sslayingofGrendel’smotherinherlair3)Beowulf’sreturntohisuncle,andhissuccessiontothethrone.

4)Beowulf’svictoryindeath,fiftyyearslater,overthefiredragonIntroduction2.Itsplot:79

TheStoryofBeowulfillustratedbythefollowing14pictures:

TheStoryofBeowulfillust80Hrothgar,kingoftheDanesHrothgar,kingoftheDanes81Heorot(Themeadhall)Heorot(Themeadhall)82Grendel,themonsterGrendel,themonster83BeowulfwenttohelpHrothgarBeowulfwenttohelpHrothga84ThequeenfilledBeowulf'sCupThequeenfilledBeowulf'sCup85BeowulftoreoffGrendel’sarmandshoulder…BeowulftoreoffGrendel’sarm86Theshe-monsteralmostkilledBeowulf.Theshe-monsteralmostkilled87Beowulffinallysucceeded.Beowulffinallysucceeded.88Beowulfruledthecountryforabout50years…Beowulfruledthecountryfor89TheFireDragonguardedthetreasure.Arunawayslavestolethetreasure…TheFireDragonguardedthetr90BeowulfwenttofightwiththeFireDragon.Beowulfwenttofightwiththe91Beowulffoughtagainst

theFireDragon.Beowulffoughtagainst

the92Beowulfwaswounded

anddied.Beowulfwaswounded

and93Theykilledthedragonandgotthetreasure…Theykilledthedragonandgot94II.

AnalysisofBeowulf1.ItisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.2.Itwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth.3.Itwaswrittendowninthe10thcentury.4.Beowulfisagrandhero.1)bravedeeds2)faithfultohispeopleII.AnalysisofBeowulf1.Iti955.Itreflectsthefeaturesofthetribalsocietyofancienttimes.front:stormynorthernoceanback:impenetrableforestsagainsttheforcesofnaturemonsters:beneaththesea,inthemarshesinthedarkforests

AnalysisofBeowulf5.Itreflectsthefeaturesof96III.WritingfeaturesofBeowulf1.Themoststrikingfeatureistheuseofalliteration(头韵).ThusmadetheirmourningthemenofGeatland,Fortheirhero’spassing,hishearth-companions2.Otherfeaturesaretheuseofmetaphors

and

of

understatements(低调陈述).III.WritingfeaturesofBeowu97

Metaphors:ring-giver:hearth-companions:whale’sroad:sea-wood:Understatement:kingattendantwarriorsseashipverywelcome

arighttocondemn

neednotpraise:

nottroublesome:WritingfeaturesofBeowulfMetaphors:Understatement:king98

iv.Whatisanepic(史诗)?

epic(heroicpoem):anextendednarrativepoeminelevatedordignifiedlanguage,likeHomer’sIliad&Odyssey.Itusuallycelebratesthefeatsofoneormorelegendaryortraditionalheroes.

iv.Whatisanepic(史诗)?

epic99

2.TheReligiousPoetry

Thereligiouspoetryisa