考研考博-英语-安阳幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安阳幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Heneverfeltthatbeingdisabled（）himofallmoralresponsibilitytohimselfandhiscommunity.

问题1选项

A.released

B.relieved

C.removed

D.relied

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。release“释放；允许发表”；relieve“解除；减轻；使放心”；remove“移动；开除”；rely“依靠，信赖”。句意：他从不认为，变得残疾……他所有对自己和社区的道德责任。可知“减轻”更合适，因此B选项符合题意。

2.翻译题

Althoughourunderstandingoflearningisstillnotcomplete,agreatdealisknown.Learninghasmanydifferentformsandtakesplaceundermanyconditions.Ingeneral,itinvolvesachangeinbehavior.Whenachangeinbehaviortakesplaceasaresultoflearning,thechangeisusuallyalong-lastingone.Learningmaymeanthatanumberofsmallindependentactsarearrangedinaneworder.Thishappens,forexample,whenyoulearntoplayanewpieceonthepiano.

【答案】尽管我们对“学习”的理解不尽完善，然而我们对此已有不少了解。“学习”可以呈现不同的形式，也可以在许多情况下进行。一般来说，“学习”必然会引起行为的变化。“学习”导致人们行为发生变化时，这种变化常能持久。“学习”也许意味着对一系列细小而不相关的行为按新的顺序重新排列。就好比你在钢琴上学习弹奏一首新的曲子。

3.单选题

Anallergyresultswhenthebodyreactsadverselytocertainsubstancesintroducedtoit.

问题1选项

A.negativelyt

B.spontaneouslyt

C.purposefullyt

D.immediately

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。adversely表示“不利地，反对地”；A项negatively“消极地，否定地”，B项spontaneously“自发地，自然地”，C项purposefully“有目的地，自觉地”，D项immediately“立即，立刻”。句意：当身体对某些物质产生不良反应时，过敏就会产生。根据句意可知，只有A选项能够表达“不好，不良”的意思，该题选择A项正确。

4.单选题

TheGovernment'spolicieswillcomeunderclose（

）intheweeksbeforetheelection.

问题1选项

A.appreciation

B.scrutiny

C.specification

D.apprehension

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。appreciation“欣赏，感谢”；scrutiny“审查，细看”；specification“规格，说明书”；apprehension“理解”。句意：选举前的几周，政府的政策将会接受详细审查。由Government’spolicies及close“严密的”可知B项“审查”能与之搭配。答案B

5.翻译题

铁棒成针李白是中国唐朝的一位大诗人。

传说，他小时候很贪玩，怕困难，读书进步很慢。

有一天，李白放学回家，路过一条小河边，看见一位老婆婆正在磨一根很粗很粗的铁棒。他觉得很奇怪，就走到老婆婆跟前问：

“老婆婆，您磨这根铁棒干什么?”

老婆婆说：“磨成针。”

这时候，李白更觉得奇怪了，又问：

“这么粗的铁棒，您怎么能磨成针呢?”

老婆婆告诉他说：

“能，一定能！只要功夫深，铁棒就能磨成针。”

李白听了老婆婆的话，心里忽然明白了。

从此，李白刻苦读书，进步很快。后来，他终于成了一位有名的诗人。

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoEnglish

【答案】

GrindIronRodIntoNeedle6.单选题

Thepolice,tryingto（

）exactlywhowasattheparty,areinvestigatingeverypersonconcerned.

问题1选项

A.ascertain

B.arrest

C.imagine

D.count

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascertain“确定；查明”；arrest“逮捕；阻止”；imagine“想象；猜想”；count“计算；认为”。句意：警察试图查明有谁参加了那场聚会，正在调查每一个人。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

ThegovernmentandMicrosoftplantosellaroundtheworldBritain’snewsystemforonlinetransactionsbetweencitizensandgovernmentafteritssuccessfullaunchintheUK.Akeystepinthegovernment’s$1.4billione-governmentprogramhasbeenonlinepaymentfortheInlandRevenuespay-as-you-earnscheme,someCustomsandExcisevalueaddedtaxprocedure,andclaimsforEuropeanUnionsubsidiesforfarmersallgoliveinthepastmonth.AtapresentationinSeattletoday,BillGates,Microsoft’sco-founderandchairman,willdemonstratetheBritishsystemto400governmentofficialsfrom80countriestoshowhowcitizensandbusinessescaninteractwithgovernmentovertheInternet.

“AlthoughsomeUSstatesareusingleadingedgetechnology,Europeingeneral,andtheUKinparticular,iswellaheadinimplementinge-governmentinitiatives.Itshouldputthecitizenatthecenterofthegovernment,”saysDavideVigano,generalmanagerofpublicsectoratthesoftwaregroup,“Theprojectshavebeenimplementedinjust15weeksusingMicrosoft’snettechnology,”saidAndrewPinder,thegovernment’se-envoy.“Thisisakeypieceofinfrastructure,broughtinontimeandonbudget,”hesaid.

Thesecuretransactiontechnologyistoberolledoutthroughabout200centralgovernmentdepartmentsandagenciesand482localgovernmentinstitutionsoverthenextfiveyearsinthedrivetohaveallofthegovernmentonlineby2005.ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.

“ThisisamilestoneforMicrosoft,”saidBarryGoffe,groupmanager,netenterprisesolutionsattheRedwood,Washingtonstate-basedcompany.“Twoyearsago,whenthetechnologyforsuccessfulintegrationdidnotexist,wewouldhavewalkedaway.”ThehardwarewassuppliedbyDell,andtheserversaremanagedbyCableandWireless.ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.“Peoplewanttohangontotheirlegacysystemswhichhavebeenmassiveinvestments,butintegratingthesehasprovendifficultandexpensiveinthepast.It’sastonishinghowthefrictionhasbeenwipedoutbyXML,whichreducespaperwork,reducescomplexityandslashescosts,”saidMr.Goffe.

1.Thee-governmentsoftwareispartofMicrosoffs______.

2.Twoyearsago,thee-governmentprogramwasstillimpossibleduetothelackof______.

问题1选项

A.enterprisesoftwarebusiness

B.mostprofit-makingproducts

C.securetransactiontechnology

D.mostsophisticatedtechnology

问题2选项

A.advancedhardware

B.efficientseversmanagement

C.thelanguageprotocolXML

D.researchfunding

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

【解析】1.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第三段第二句ThesuccessfulimplementationisacoupforMicrosoftwhichistryingtobuildupitsenterprisesoftwarebusinessandhastargetede-government.Ithasabout1,000staffdedicatedtogovernmentbusiness.（这一成功实施对微软来说是一场政变，微软正试图建立自己的企业软件业务，并将目标对准了电子政府）。A选项“软件企业”，根据文章内容，微软把电子政府作为软件企业，A选项正确。B选项“最赚钱的产品”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。C选项“安全交易技术”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“最精湛技术”，不符合题意，可排除。因此正确答案为A选项。

2.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第四句ThetechnologyisbasedonXML,anewlanguageprotocolthatallowsinformationtobelabeledandtheneasilyexchangedbetweencomputersondifferentplatforms.（该技术基于XML，这是一种新的语言协议，允许对信息进行标记，然后在不同平台上的计算机之间轻松交换）。由此可推测，两年前电子政府不可能是因为缺乏语言协议XML。C选项“语言协议XML”符合题意，C选项正确。A选项“硬件强化”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“高效的塞维管理”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“研究经费”，文章所说，整合这些系统既困难又昂贵，XML降低了复杂性，并削减了成本，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。

8.单选题

WeeatourfoodwithchopsticksandtheEuropeans（）knivesandforks.

问题1选项

A.eatwith

B.dowith

C.using

D.with

【答案】D

【解析】考查省略用法。并列句中如果两个分句有重复处，后面重复部分常常省略。故D项正确。句意：我们用筷子吃东西，而欧洲人用刀和叉。

9.单选题

Sinceitistoolatetochangemymindnow,Iam（）tocarryingouttheplan.

问题1选项

A.resolved

B.engaged

C.obliged

D.committed

【答案】A

【解析】考查短语搭配。beresolvedto“决心……”；beengagedin“忙于做……”；beobligedto“不得不；有义务”；becommittedto“致力于……”。Since引导了一个原因状语从句，“由于已经来不及改变主意了”，所以空格处所在的句子表示“执行这个计划”，因此选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Asanindependentcitizen,heseesnoobligationtoopenhimselftofurther（

）.

问题1选项

A.screech

B.scrutiny

C.scrub

D.scrap

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项screech“尖叫声”；B选项scrutiny“详细审查，监视”；C选项scrub“矮树，洗擦”；D选项scrap“碎片，残余物”。根据关键词“independentcitizen独立公民”和动词“open公开，打开”，可知空格部分单词意思“审查，检查”，句意为：作为一个独立的公民，他认为没有义务进一步让自己接受审查。选项B与之意思相近。

11.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingparagraphsintoChinese.

Wefindthatbrightchildrenarerarelyheldbackbymixed-abilityteaching.Onthecontrary,boththeirknowledgeandexperienceareenriched.Wefeelthattherearemanydisadvantagesinstreamingpupils.Itdoesnottakeintoaccountthefactthatchildrendevelopatdifferentrates.Itcanhaveabadeffectonbothheightandtheno-so-brightchild.Afterall,itcanbequitediscouragingtobeatthebottomofthetopgrade.

Besides,itisratherunrealtogradepeoplejustaccordingtotheirintellectualability.Thisisonlyoneaspectoftheirtotalpersonality.Weareconcernedtodeveloptheabilitiesofallourpupilstothefull,notjusttheiracademicability.Wealsovaluepersonalqualitiesandsocialskills,andwefindthatmixed-abilityteachingcontributestoalltheseaspectsoflearning.

【答案】我们发现，聪明的孩子如果接受不按能力分班的教学，很少会因此而在发展方面受到阻碍。相反，他们在知识和经验方面都有长进。我们认为把学生按照能力分班有很多弊端。这种做法没有考虑到孩子们发展差异这一事实。对聪明的孩子和不太聪明的孩子都有不利影响。毕竟，在最好的那一档里做最差的学生也是非常令人沮丧的。

此外，只根据智力水平来对人进行分类也是颇不现实的。智力水平仅仅是整体人格特征的一个方面罢了。我们关心的是让所有的学生都能充分发展各方面的能力，而不仅仅只是学术能力。我们也很看重个人品质与社交技能，而我们发现不按能力分班的教学有助于学习的各个方面。

12.单选题

Theresultsofthevariouslabanalysesnow________areeagerlyawaitedandwillbereportedinaslewofscientificpapers.

问题1选项

A.undernegotiation

B.underconstruction

C.underway

D.underattack

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.undernegotiation在谈判中B.underconstruction在建设中

C.underway在进行中D.underattack受到攻击

【考查点】词组辨析。

【解题思路】空格处作后置定语修饰上文的“Theresultsofthevariouslabanalyses（各项实验分析结果）”，表示这是一些什么样的实验结果。由“awaited（等待）”和“willbereported（将做出报告）”可知，这些实验还在分析中，没有得出最终的结果。underway是固定搭配，指正在进行或发生的，因此C选项underway“进行中的”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项undernegotiation“在谈判中”；

B选项underconstruction“在建设中”；

D选项underattack“受到攻击”；

均不能和“labanalyses（实验分析）”进行搭配。

【句意】我们急切地等待着进行中的各项实验分析结果，并将在一系列学术论文中对其做出报告。

13.名词解释

(1)Contrarytowhatmanypeoplethinkdepressionisnotanormalpartofgrowingolder.Norisithardertotreatinolderpeople.Butitisoftenhardertorecognizeandhardertogetpatientstoacceptandcontinuewithtreatment.

"Mostpeoplethinksadnessisahallmarkofdepression,"Brucesaid."Butmoreofteninolderpeopleit'sanhedonia—they'renotenjoyinglife.They'reirritableandcranky."(2)Sheadded:“Manyolderpeopledespairoverthequalityoftheirlivesattheendoflife.Iftheyhaveafunctionaldisabilityorseriousmedicalillness,itmaymakeithardertonoticedepressioninolderpeople."

Familymembers,friendsandmedicalpersonnelmusttakeitseriouslywhenanolderpersonsays"Lifeisnotworthliving,""Idon'tseeanypointinliving,""I'dbebetteroffdead"or"MyfamilywouldbebetteroffifIdied,"theexpertsemphasized.

"Listencarefully,empathizeandhelpthepersongetevaluatedfortreatmentorintotreatment,"BrownurgeD.(3)Hewarnedthat"depressedolderadultstendtohavefewersymptoms"thanyoungeradultswhoaredepressed.

Theidealapproach,ofcourse,istopreventdepressioninthefirstplace.(4)Brownrecommendedthatolderadultsstructuretheirdaysbymaintainingaregularcycleandplanningactivitiesthat"givethempleasure,purposeandareasonforliving."

Hesuggested"socialactivitiesofanytype—joiningabookcluborbowlingleague,goingtoaseniorcenterorgym,takingcoursesatalocalcollege,hangingoutatthecoffeeshop."

Brucesuggeststakingupanewinterestlikepaintingorneedleworkorvolunteeringataplaceofworship,schoolormuseum.

(5)Brownnotesthatanyactivitythepersoniscapableofdoingcanhelptowardoffdepressionandsuicidalthinking.Andheurgesolderpeopletotalktoothersabouttheirproblems.

ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthenexplaininyourownEnglishtheexactmeaningofthenumberedandunderlinedparts.PutyouranswersonANSWER

【答案】1.Manypeoplethinkdepressionisnaturalintheprocessofgettingolder,butthisideaiswrong.

2.Sheadded:“Manyolderpeoplelosetheirfaithinthequalityoflivesinoldage.Depressioninolderpeoplecanhardlybefoundiftheircertainbodyisnotavailableortheygetsickbadly.”

3.Heremindedthat“Symptomsondepressedolderadultsisfewerthanthoseondepressedyoungeradults.”

4.Brownsuggeststhatolderpeopleshouldarrangetheirdailylifebykeepingaregularlifecycleandplanningactivities,whichofferthemhappiness,purposeandmotiveforliving

5.Brownindicatesthatanyactivitythepersonisabletodocanhelpavoiddepressionandthoughtsofsuicide.Healsosuggeststhatolderpeopleshouldsharetheproblemswithothers.

14.单选题

Theresultofoursurveyindicatedthatstudentsinthecityaveraged（

）ofdailyself-studythisyearthanlastyear.

问题1选项

A.60minutes

B.asmanyas60minutes

C.more60minutes

D.60minutesmore

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我们的调查结果显示，城市里的学生每天的自学时间相比去年平均増加了60分钟。

语法题。考查比较级。由题干关键词than可以排除A和B。表示“平均比…多”用“average…morethan”。故D正确。

15.翻译题

30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订《外商投资产业指导目录》。

(参考词汇：self-dependentinnovative:consultation;rulesoforigin;entrythreshold)

【答案】

Overthelastthreedecades,foreigndirectinvestmenthasbroughtcapital,advancedtechnologiesandbusinessknow-howtoChina.WeunderstandthatFDIfostersinnovation.Thatiswhy,inApril,weheldapublicconsultationtoreviewthecriteriaweusetoaccredit“self-dependentinnovativeproducts”.Theresultsemphasizedthatallforeignenterprisesaregivenequaltreatmentandthatalltheirproductsareconsideredtobe“madeinChina”,whilethesamerulesoforiginareappliedtothemastoChineseproducts.SincejoiningtheWorldTradeOrganization,Chinahascontinuallyloweredtheentrythresholdforforeigninvestment.Since1997,wehaverevisedtheCatalogueofIndustriesforForeignInvestmentGuidancefourtimes.

16.单选题

Paperclips,drawingpinsandsafety-pinswere（）alloverthefloor.

问题1选项

A.sprayed

B.separated

C.dispersed

D.scattered

【答案】D

【解析】spray喷雾,喷射；separate分离,隔开；disperse分散,多指把一群人或物等彻底驱散；scatter指人或物向四处散开,或把物随意撒开。句意：回形针、图钉和安全别针散落在地板上。所以选项D正确。

17.单选题

Thechairmansaiditgavehimgreat（）towelcomesomanyguests.

问题1选项

A.humor

B.content

C.fun

D.pleasure

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。humor“幽默”；content“内容，目录”；fun“乐趣”；pleasure“快乐，令人高兴的事”。句意：主席说欢迎这么多宾客是一件让他很高兴的事情。D项符合句意。

18.单选题

Bothversionsofthemyth一theWestasaplaceofescapefromsocietyandtheWestasastageonwhichthemoralconflictsconfrontingsocietycouldbeplayedout—figuredprominentlyinthehistoriesandessaysofyoungTheodoreRoosevelt，thepaintingsandsculpturesofartistFredericRemington,andtheshortstoriesandnovelsofwriterOwenWister.ThesethreeyoungmembersoftheeasternestablishmentspentmuchtimeintheWestinthe1880s,andeachwasintenselyaffectedbytheadventure.Allthreehadfeltthwartedbytheconstraintsandenervatinginfluenceofthegenteelurbanworldinwhichtheyhadgrownup,andeachwentWesttoexperiencethephysicalchallengesandmoralsimplicitiesextolledinthedimenovels.WhenRooseveltarrivedin1884attheranchhehadpurchasedintheDakotaBadlands,heatonceboughtaleatherscout’suniform,completewithfringedsleevesandleggings.

EachmanalsofoundintheWestpreciselywhathewaslookingfor.ThefrontierthatRooseveltglorifiedinsuchbooksasTheWinningoftheWest(fourvolumes,1889-1896),andthattheprolificRemingtonportrayedinhiswork,wasastarkphysicalandmoralenvironmentthatstrippedawayallsocialartificeandtestedanindividual’strueabilityandcharacter.DrawingonapopularversionofEnglishscientistCharlesDarwin’sevolutionarytheory,whichcharacterizedlifeasastruggleinwhichonlythefittestandhastsurvived,RooseveltandRemingtonexaltedthedisappearingfrontierasthelastoutpostofanhonestandtruesocialorder.

ThisversionofthefrontiermythreacheditsapogeeinOwenWister’senormouslypopularnovelTheVirginian(1902)，laterreincarnatedasa1929GaryCoopermovieanda1960stelevisionseries.InWister’staletheelemental,physicalandsocialenvironmentoftheGreatPlainsproducesindividualslikehisunnamedcowboyhero,“theVirginian”，anhonest,strong,andcompassionateman,quicktohelptheweakandfightthewicked.TheVirginianisoneofnature’saristocrats—ill-educatedandunsophisticatedbutuptight,steady,anddeeplymoral.TheVirginiansumsuphisownmoralcodeindescribinghisviewofGod’sjustice:“Heplaysasquaregamewithus.”ForWister,asforRooseveltandRemington,thecowboywastheChristianknightonthePlains,indifferenttomaterialgainasheheldvirtue,pursuedjustice,andattackedevil.

Needlesstosay,thewesternmythinallitsformswasfarremovedfromtheactualrealityoftheWest.CriticsdelightedinpointingoutthatnoonesceneinTheVirginianactuallyshowedthehardphysicallaborofthecattlerange.TheidealizedversionoftheWestalsoglossedoverthedarkerundersideoffrontierexpansion—thebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare,theforcedremovaloftheIndianstoreservations,theracistdiscriminationagainstMexican-Americansandblacks,therisksandperilsofcommercialagricultureandcattlegrowing,andtheboom-and-bustmentalityrootedintheselfishexploitationofnaturalresources.

1.WhichofthefollowingisprobablythemainreasonfortheauthortomentionTheodoreRoosevelt,FredericRemingtonandOwenWister?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesTheVirginian？

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsregardingthemythoftheWestis

NOTtrue?

4.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeinwritingthepassageis（）

5.WhatisprobablythereasonforpeopletomakeupalegendaryWest?

问题1选项

A.Theyglorifiedthefrontierlife.

B.Theywereconstrainedbythegenteelurbanworld.

C.TheyspentmuchtimeintheWest.

D.Theywerefamousmembersoftheeasternestablishment.

问题2选项

A.ItisthebestWesternmovieevermadeinHollywood.

B.ItisapopularnovelwrittenbyOwnWisterandTheodoreRoosevelt.

C.Itgivesanaccuratedepictionofthefrontierexperience.

D.ItisoneofthemostsuccessfulbooksabouttheWest.

问题3选项

A.Inoneidealizedview,theWestwasaplaceonecanescapefromsocietyanditspressures.

B.Inoneversionofthemyth,westernfrontiersmanwasdepictedasafiguredeeplyimmersedinsocietyanditsconcerto.

C.Somewritersportrayedthewesternwildernessasasimpleandinnocentsociety.

D.TheextremehardshipofthefrontierlifeisonepowerfulthemeofthelegendaryWest.

问题4选项

A.toperpetuatethemythabouttheWest

B.tointroducethefamouswritersandpaintersoftheWest

C.todistinguishthemythoftheWestandtheactualreality

D.topresentthebrutalitiesofIndianwarfare

问题5选项

A.Theylikedtomakeupstories.

B.Theybelievedwhattheyportrayedweretheactualreality.

C.TheyclungtothemythoftheWestasanuncomplicated,untaintedEdenofsocialsimplicity,andmoralclarityinaneraofunsettlingsocialtransformation.

D.TheywantedtomakeprofitbyluringpeopletotheWest.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。题干：下面哪一个可能是作者提到TheodoreRoosevelt、FredericRemington和OwenWister的主要原因？由关键词定位到文章第一段第一句。文中提到，这三人都是传扬西部神话的作家和艺术家，他们的作品都对西部进行了美化。因此A选项符合题意。

2.细节题。题干：下面哪个陈述最能描述《弗吉尼亚人》？TheVirginian出现在第三段第一句。A选项的bestWesternmovie与原文“a1929…moive”不符合；文中没有提到TheodoreRoosevelt与小说有关，所以排除B选项；C选项的thefrontierexperience与“thefrontiermyth”不符合，因此排除C选项。这本书成功塑造了西部神话，是最成功的关于西部的书之一，因此D选项符合题意。

3.判断推理题。题干：根据这篇文章，下列哪个关于西方神话的陈述是不正确的？选项A对应本文第一段第一句“”；B选项对应第三段第二句；C选项对应第二段第二句；最后一段提到，《弗吉尼亚人》没有提到theextremehardship，因此D是不对的。

4.主旨题。题干：作者写这篇文章的主要目的是______。全文讲述了西部神话的发展历程和成功，也说到了西部神话和西部现实之间的区别。不是介绍著名西部作家和艺术家，因此排除B选项。文章只有最后提到了部分D选项的内容，不能代表主旨。因此C选项符合题意。

5.判断推理题。题干：人们为什么要组成一个传奇的西部？文章第二段提到，人们在西部找到了自己正在追寻的事物。在混乱的社会转型时代，西部被认为是纯粹且未受污染的伊甸园。因此C选项符合题意。

19.单选题

Bothaperson’sheredityandhisenvironmenthelptoshapehischaracter.

问题1选项

A.family

B.education

C.nationality

D.surroundings

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项family“家庭”；B选项education“教育”；C选项nationality“国籍”；D选项surroundings“环境”。句意：一个人的遗传和他所处的环境都有助于塑造他的性格。D选项与原文划线词词义最接近，因此D选项符合题意。

20.单选题

Moststudentsarriveatcollegeusing“discrete,concreteandabsolutecategoriestounderstandpeople,knowledge,andvalues.”Thesestudentslivewithadualisticview,seeing“theworldinpolartermsofwe-right-goodvs.other-wrong-bad.”Thesestudentscannotacknowledgetheexistenceofmorethanonepointofviewtowardanyissue.Thereisone“right”way.Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.Aneyeforaneye!Capitalpunishmentisaptjusticeformurder.TheBiblesaysso.

Moststudentsbreakthroughthedualisticstagetoanotherequallyfrustratingstage—multiplicity.Withinthisstage,studentsseeavarietyofwaystodealwithanygiventopicorproblem.However,whilethesestudentsacceptmultiplepointsofview,theyareunabletoevaluateorjustifythem.Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.Whilestudentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes,studentsinthemultiplisticstageareunabletoconnectinstancesintocoherentgeneralizations.Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.Capitalpunishment?Whatsenseisthereinansweringonemurderwithanother?

Thethirdstageofdevelopmentfindsstudentslivinginaworldofrelativism.Knowledgeisrelative:rightandwrongdependonthecontext.Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.Whilethemultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.Studentsinthisstageviewtheworldanalytically.Theyappreciateauthorityforitsexpertise,usingittodefendtheirowngeneralizations.Inaddition,theyacceptorrejectostensibleauthorityaftersystematicallyevaluatingitsvalidity.Inthisstage,however,studentsresistdecisionmaking.Sufferingtheambivalenceoffindingseveralconsistentandacceptablealternatives,theyarealmostoverwhelmedbydiversityandneedmeansformanagingit.Capitalpunishmentisappropriatejustice—insomeinstances.

Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.Studentsdonotdenyrelativism.Rathertheyassertanidentitybyformingcommitmentsandassumingresponsibilityforthem.Theygatherpersonalexperienceintoacoherentframework,abstractprinciplestoguidetheiractions,andusetheseprinciplestodisciplineandgoverntheirthoughtsandactions.Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.Theaccusedhashadthebenefitofdueprocesstoguardhiscivilrights,ajuryofpeershasfoundhimguilty,andthestatehastherighttoendhislife.ThisisaprinciplemycommunityandIendorse.

31.Studentswhoare“dualistic”thinkersmaynotbeabletosupporttheirbeliefsconvincinglybecause________.

32.Whichoneofthefollowingassertionsissupportedbythepassage?

33.Inparagraphtwo,theauthorstatesthatintheir“democracy”studentsinthemultiplicitystagearedirectionless.Thewriterdescribesmultiplicitystudentsasbeingina“democracy”because________.

34.WhichoneofthefollowingkindsofthinkingisNOTdescribedinthepassage?

35.Whichoneofthefollowingbestdescribestheorganizationofthemessage?

问题1选项

A.mostoftheirbeliefscannotbesupportedbyarguments

B.theyhaveacceptedtheir“truths”simplybecauseauthoritieshavesaidthesethingsare“true”

C.theyhalf-believeandhalf-disbelievejustabouteverything

D.theirteachersalmostalwaysthinkthat“dualistic”thinkersarewrong

问题2选项

A.Committedthinkersarenotverysureoftheirpositions.

B.Relativisticthinkershavelearnedhowtomakesenseoutoftheworldandhavechosentheirownpositionsinit.

C.Multiplicitythinkershavedifficultyunderstandingtherelationshipsbetweendifferentpointsofview.

D.Dualisticthinkershavethoughtoutthereasonsfortakingtheirpositions.

问题3选项

A.therearesomanydifferentkindsofpeopleinademocracy

B.inan“ideal”democracy,allpeopleareconsideredequal;byextension,soaretheiropinions

C.Democratsgenerallydonothaveagoodsenseofdirection

D.inademocracytheindividualhasultimateauthorityoverhimself,notthestate

问题4选项

A.Peoplewhoassurethatthereisnorightorwronginanyissue.

B.Peoplewhomakeunreasonedcommitmentsandstickbythem.

C.Peoplewhobelievethatrightorwrongdependsonthesituation.

D.Peoplewhothinkthatallbehaviorcanbeaccountedforbycauseandeffectrelationships.

问题5选项

A.Fourmethodsofthoughtarecomparedandcontrasted.

B.Itisshownhoweachoffourtypesofthoughtevolvedfromeachother.

C.Fourmethodsofthoughtarepresented,andeachisshowntocomplementtheother.

D.Theevolutionofthoughtthroughfourstagesispresented,andeachstageisillustratedbyhowitviewscapitalpunishment.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】31.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段第五、六句Andbecausetheseabsolutesareassumedbyorimposedontheindividualfromexternalauthority,theycannotbepersonallysubstantiatedorauthenticatedbyexperience.Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.（因为这些绝对的东西是由外部权威假定或强加给个人的，不能被个人经验证实或验证。这些学生被权威所概括的东西奴隶。），可知持二元论的人所认为的真理是权威灌输的，不能被个人经验证实或验证，所以可能无法令人信服，B选项“他们视这些东西为‘真理’，仅仅是因为权威说这些是‘真实的’”正确。A选项“他们的大多数信仰都没有论据支持”：根据第二段第五句studentsinthedualisticstageareunabletoproduceevidencetosupportwhattheyconsidertobeself-evidentabsolutes（处于二元论阶段的学生无法提供证据来支持他们认为是不言而喻的绝对真理），可知二元论拿不出论据支持，而不是大多数信仰没有论据支持，故错误。C选项“他们对任何事情都是将信将疑”和D选项“他们的老师几乎总是认为‘二元’思想是错误的”文章没有提到，故错误。因此B选项正确。

32.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第四句themultiplistviewstheworldasunconnected,almostrandom,therelativistseeksalwaystoplacephenomenaintocoherentlargerpatterns.（多元论者认为世界是不相连的，几乎是随机的，相对主义者总是试图将现象置于连贯的更大模式中。），可知多元论者不把各个观点联系在一起，所以C选项“多样性思考者很难理解不同观点之间的关系”正确。A选项“承诺性思想家不太确定自己的立场”：根据第四段第一句Inthefinalstagestudentsmanagediversitythroughindividualcommitment.（在最后阶段，学生们通过个人承诺来管理多样性。）和倒数第三句Theindividualhaschosentojoinaparticularcommunityandagreestolivebyitstenets.（个人选择加入一个特定的社区，并同意按照它的原则生活。），可知承诺性思想家有自己的立场，故错误。B选项“相对主义思想家已经学会了如何在这个世界上有意义，并选择了他们自己的立场”：根据第三段第三句Nolongerrecognizingthevalidityofeachindividualideaoraction,relativistsexamineeverythingtofinditsplaceinanoverallframework.（相对主义者不再承认每个个体的想法或行动的有效性，他们检查每一件事，以在整体框架中找到它的位置。），可知相对主义者没有特定的立场，故错误。D选项“二元论的思考者已经考虑了坚定他们立场的原因”：根据第一段倒数第四句Thesestudentsareslavestothegeneralizationsoftheirauthorities.（这些学生是他们权威所概括的东西的奴隶。），二元论者的观点是被灌输的，他们没有想过为什么有这样的立场，故错误。因此C选项正确。

33.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第四句Tohaveanopinioniseveryone’sright.（发表意见是每个人的权利。）和第六句Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.（每一个断言，每一个观点，都是有效的。），可知在多元论中，每个人每个观点都一样受到尊重，所以B选项“在‘理想的’民主中，所有的人都被认为是平等的；推而广之，他们的观点也是如此”正确；没有强调人和观点的多样，故A选项“民主主义允许存在不同种类的人”错误。C选项“民主党人通常没有很好的方向感”：根据第二段倒数第三句Intheirdemocracytheyaredirectionless.（在他们的民主中，他们是没有方向的。），这里指的是思想的方向，而非物理方向，故错误。D选项“在民主政体中，个人对自己拥有最高权力，而不是国家”：这里的民主讲的是思想，而非政治，故错误。因此B选项正确。

34.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“确信任何问题都没有对错之分的人”：根据第二段倒数第四句，持多元论的人认为Everyassertion,everypoint,isvalid.（每一个断言，每一个观点，都是有效的。），符合文章意思，故错误。B选项“做出不合理承诺并坚守承诺的人”：根据第一段第五、六句，持二元论的人盲目听从theseabsolutesareassumedby