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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-安徽国际商务职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Whatthingsinlifeareyoumostdesirous(

)attaining?

问题1选项

A.to

B.for

C.with

D.of

【答案】D

【解析】desirousof为固定搭配,意为“想要...渴望...”。选项D符合句意。

2.单选题

Todayinthetechno-societiesthereisanalmostironcladconsensusaboutthefutureoffreedom.Maximumindividualchoiceisregardedasthedemocraticideal.Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture,inwhichpeopleappearasmindlessconsumercreatures,surroundedbystandardizedgoods,educatedinstandardizedschools,fedadietofstandardizedmassculture,andforcedtoadoptstandardizedstylesoflife.

Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.OneofthemostextremeofthereisaFrenchreligiousmystic,JacquesEllul,whosebooksareenjoyingacampusvogue.AccordingtoEllul,manwasfarfreerinthepastwhen“Choicewasarealpossibilityforhim.”Bycontrast,today,thehumanbeingis“nolongerinanysensetheagentofchoice.”And,asfortomorrow,“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice.”Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.Hewilllive,Ellulwarns,inatotalitarianstaterunbyavelvet-glovedGestapo.

ThissamethemethelossofchoicerunsthroughmuchoftheworkofArnoldToynbee.ItisrepeatedbyeveryonefromhippiegurustoSupremeCourtjustices,tabloideditorialistsandexistentialistphilosophers.Putinitssimplestform,thetheoryofVanishingChoicerestsonacrudesyllogism:scienceandtechnologyhavefosteredstandardization.Scienceandtechnologywilladvance,makingthefutureevenmorestandardizedthanthepresent.Ergo,manwillprogressivelylosehisfreedomofchoice.

Ifinsteadofblindlyacceptingthissyllogism,westoptoanalyzeit,however,wemakeanextraordinarydiscovery.Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.

Certainly,itwouldbedifficulttodenythatindustrialismhashadalevelingeffect.Ourabilitytoproducemillionsofnearlyidenticalunitsitthegrowingachievementoftheindustrialage.Thus,whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.

Inthesamebreath,however,theyrevealshockingignoranceaboutthecharacterofsuper-industrialism.Focusedonwhatsocietywas,theyareblindedtowhatitisfastbecoming,forthesocietyofthefuturewilloffernotarestricted,standardizedflowofgoods,butthegreatestvarietyofunstandardizedgoodsandservicesanysocietyhaseverseen.Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.

Theendofstandardizationisalreadyinsight.However,thepacevariesfromindustrytoindustry,andfromcountrytocountry.

1.Thepredictionsaboutthefuturemadebymanywriters,intheauthor’sopinion,are().

2.TheauthorgivestheworksofJacquesEllulandArnoldToynbeeasexamplestoprovethat().

3.Bysaying“Inthefuture,manwillapparentlybeconfinedtotheroleofarecordingdevice”(Paragraph2),Ellulimpliesthathe(man)().

4.Theauthor’sattitudetowardintellectualsinParagraph5and6isoneof().

5.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthorlikelytoagree?

问题1选项

A.pessimistic

B.optimistic

C.pleasing

D.reasonable

问题2选项

A.agenerationoffuturewillbecomehatersandtechnophobes

B.scienceandtechnologywillcertainlyadvance

C.manwillgraduallylosehisfreedomofchoice

D.scienceandtechnologywillmakethefuturemorestandardized

问题3选项

A.willrecordwhatotherpeoplesayandthenfollowthem

B.willimitateotherpeoplewhenhetakesactions

C.candowhateverhewishes

D.candonothingbutfollowothers

问题4选项

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

问题5选项

A.Peopleinthefuturewilleventuallylosealloftheirfreedom.

B.Thesocietyofthefuturewillbecomemorestandardized.

C.Standardizationwilltakeapredominantpositioninthesocietyofthefuture.

D.Thesocietyofthefuturewillhaveadialecticaleffectofbothstandardizationandunstandardization.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段,“Yetmostwriterspredictthatweshallmovefurtherandfurtherfromthisideal.Theyconjureupadarkvisionofthefuture…”,可知大多数作家预测,我们将离这一理想越来越远。他们对未来产生了一种黑暗的幻想。可判断出作家对未来的预测是悲观的。选项A符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第二段第一句,“Suchpredictionshavespawnedagenerationoffuturehatersandtechnophobes,asonemightexpect.”,可知正如人们可能预期的那样,这样的预测催生了未来一代的仇恨者和技术恐惧症患者。这是一个总的结论,作者在下文举了JacquesEllul的例子来证明此观点。选项A符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段,“Robbedofchoice,hewillbeactedupon,notactive.”,可知人们被剥夺了选择的机会,他的行动会变得被动。可判断出人们变得没有主动权,只会跟随别人。选项D符合题意。

4.作者态度题。根据文章第五段,“Fornotonlyisthelogicitselffaulty,theentireideaispremisedonsheerfactualignoranceaboutthenature,themeaningandthedirectionofthesuper-industrialrevolution.”,可知因为不仅逻辑本身有缺陷,整个想法忽视了自然事实、超级工业革命的意义和方向。又根据第六段,“whenintellectualsbewailthesamenessofourmaterialgoods,theyaccuratelyreflectthestateofaffairsofunder-industrialism.”,可知当知识分子哀叹我们的物质生活千篇一律时,他们所反应的是那些工业落后的国家。可判断出作者对知识分子持强烈反对的态度。选项A符合题意。

5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段,“Wearemovinggottowardsafurtherextensionofmaterialstandardization,buttowardsitsdialecticalnegation.”,可知我们不是正在走向物质标准化,而是走向对物质标准化的辩证否定。可判断出未来的社会将会有标准化和非标准化的辩证影响。选项D符合题意。

3.单选题

ItsuddenlyoccurredtoAnnethatmoneycouldn't()allthatBobhadsufferedinthepastfiveyears.

问题1选项

A.liveupto

B.makeout

C.livethrough

D.makeupfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组辨析。liveupto“践行”;makeout“理解,辨认出”;livethrough“度过,经受过”;makeupfor“弥补”。句意:Anne突然明白金钱不能弥补Bob在过去五年里的遭遇。D项符合题意。

4.单选题

Somescientistsaredubiousoftheclaimthatorganisms(

)withageasaninevitableoutcomeofliving.

问题1选项

A.depress

B.default

C.deteriorate

D.degrade

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。depress“压抑,使沮丧”;default“不履行,拖欠”;deteriorate“恶化,变坏”;degrade“退化,使…降级”。句意:有机物随时间流逝而退化,这也是生命不可避免的结果,一些科学家对此表示怀疑。D项符合题意,答案D

5.单选题

Theyboughtthelandwitha______tobuildanewofficeblock.

问题1选项

A.purpose

B.view

C.goal

D.reason

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的(经过考虑而要做某事的意图)”;B选项view“风景;视野”;C选项goal“目标(想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图)”;D选项reason“理由,原因”。句意:他们买那块地的______是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境,这里指的是现在买地,买地是为了以后建办公大楼,A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。

6.单选题

LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI(

)youradvice.

问题1选项

A.follow

B.hadfollowed

C.wouldfollow

D.havefollowed

【答案】B

【解析】考查虚拟语气。与过去事实相反,从句的动词形式是had+过去分词。选项B符合题意。

7.单选题

Researchshowsthatthereisno()relationshipbetweenhowmuchapersonearnsandwhetherhefeelsgoodaboutlife.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.subsequent

C.significant

D.sincere

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的”;B选项subsequent“随后的”;C选项significant“有意义的”;D选项sincere“真诚的”。句意:研究表明,一个人赚多少钱和他是否对生活感觉良好之间没有明显的关系。本句表示有意义的关系,因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Uptothispointtherehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath,buttherelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.Dr.Giltaycarefullycontrolledthebaselineriskfactorslikebloodpressure,cholesterol,smokingandalcoholconsumptioninhisstudy.Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.

Whataboutthepossibilitythatsomeofthepessimisticsubjectsweresimplysufferingfromundiagnoseddepression?Afterall,depressionisastrongriskfactorforcardiovascularmortality.Dr.Giltayconcededthatthesubjectswerenotpsychiatricallyscreenedfordepressionoranyothermentaldisorder,sothisisapossibility.Buthesaiddepressionwasunlikelytoexplainthecorrelationbetweenpessimismandmortality.Perhaps,butweknowthatdepressionexists,too,onaspectrum.Mildchronicdepressivestateslikedysthymiacouldeasilymasqueradeaseverydaypessimism,sothisstudycannotruleoutmilddepressionasacontributortoexcessmortalityinthepessimisticsubjects.Still,assumingthatthesefindingsarereplicatedandoptimismdoesindeedconferasurvivaladvantage,howmechanismcouldexplainit?

Onepossibilityisthatoptimistsmaysimplycopebetterwithadversitythanpessimistsdoandengageinbehaviorsthataremorelikelytopromotehealth.Itiswellknown,forexample,thatoptimismisstronglyassociatedwithseekingsocialsupportandcopingbetterwithstress.Theremightevenbebiologicaldifferencesbetweenoptimisticandpessimisticpeoplethatgiveoptimistsanedge.Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones,whichcanadverselyaffectphysicalhealth.Atthispoint,pessimismintheabsenceofclinicaldepressionisnotconsideredadiseaseorariskfactorfordevelopingone.Butifthesedataarereplicated,perhapsitshouldbe.Ifthat’sthecase,thentrialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants,won’tbefarbehind.Afterall,thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraitslikesociability,eveninpeoplewithoutdepression.

Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.Twolargerandomizedtrialsinvolvingdepressedheart-attackpatientsfoundnosurvivalbenefitintreatingthemwitheithercognitivebehaviortherapyorserotonin-enhancingantidepressants,thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.

21.Wecanconvincinglyinferfromthefirstparagraphthat___________.

22.Comparingpessimistswithoptimists,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

23.Theoptimism-enhancingtreatmentscan___________.

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,wecanconcludethat___________.

25.Thepassagemainlywantstotellusthat___________.

问题1选项

A.normalpersonalityguaranteesgoodhealth

B.pessimismconstitutesafatalthreatforhealth

C.therelationshipbetweenpessimismanddeathisbeinginvestigated

D.pessimismresultsinmortality

问题2选项

A.Optimistshavebetterperceptionoftheirfuture.

B.Pessimistshavehighermorbidity.

C.Optimistsarelesslikelytosufferfromcardiovasculardisease.

D.Optimistsenjoylongerlivesthanpessimists.

问题3选项

A.helpdevelopnormalpersonality

B.helpdecreaseheartdisease

C.helpenhancethelifespan

D.helpcuretheclinicaldepression

问题4选项

A.depressioncouldbetreatable

B.doctorsareawareofthecausesfordepression

C.pessimistshavetoworryabouttheirshorterlifespan

D.treatingdepressioncancureheartdiseaseandotherfataldiseases

问题5选项

A.pessimismisverycommonamongurbancitizens

B.pessimistsaredoomedtoliveashorterlife

C.optimismguaranteesalongerandhealthierlife

D.pessimismishighlyriskyforourhealth

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】21.判断推理题。根据题干定位到第1段,第1句therelationshipbetweennormalpersonalitytraitslikesoptimismandhealthhavenotbeenasthoroughlystudied.(乐观主义等正常人格特征与健康之间的关系还没有得到彻底的研究。)由此判断,正常的人格特征与健康之间的关系还有待研究,A选项“正常的人格确保了健康”过于肯定,排除;第3句Evenaftercontrollingfortheseconfoundingvariables,therewasstillasignificantexcessofmortalityinthepessimistscomparedwiththeoptimists.(即使在控制了这些混杂变量后,与乐观主义者相比,悲观主义者的死亡率仍然要高出很多。)由此判断,导致死亡的因素有很多,比如前文的bloodpressure,cholesterol“血压、血脂”等,而悲观主义与死亡之间有很大的关系,B选项“悲观主义是健康的一个致命威胁”与原文表述一致;D选项“悲观导致了死亡”表述过于绝对,未考虑其他因素,排除;第1段最后一句Andwhenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter—pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.(当他考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时,毫不奇怪,乐观者的预见能力更好——悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。)由此判断,该研究用悲观者与乐观者对比,不仅研究其死亡率的不同,而且研究其对自己健康水平的看法的不同,C选项“人们正在研究悲观主义和死亡之间的关系”表述不够准确。因此,本题最佳选项为B。

22.事实细节题。本题选择表述不正确的一项。A选项“乐观主义者对他们的未来的预见能力更好”,根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句whenhefactoredinthesubjects’ownperceptionoftheirhealth—optimists,notsurprisingly,reportfeelingbetter.(当他考虑到受试者自己对健康的看法时,毫不奇怪,乐观者的预见能力更好。)由此判断,乐观者对未来健康状况的预见能力更好,A选项与原文相符;B选项“悲观者发病率更高”,根据关键词定位到第1段最后一句pessimistsstillhadhighermorbidityandmortality.(悲观者仍然有更高的发病率和死亡率。)B选项与原文表述一致;C选项“乐观者不太可能患心血管疾病”,根据关键词定位到第1段第1句therehasbeensolidevidencethatcertainpathologicalmentalstates,likedepression,arelinkedwithasignificantlyhigherriskofcardiovasculardeath.(有确凿的证据表明,某些病理精神状态,如抑郁症,与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关。)由此判断,心血管病与不好的精神状态有关,乐观者是好的心理状态,他们患心血管病的可能性不大,C选项与原文表述相符;D选项“乐观者比悲观者的寿命更长”根据关键词定位到原文倒数第2句Intheend,pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.(最后,悲观者有足够多的烦恼,而不必担心他们自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。)由此判断,悲观者的生命不一定短暂,此外原文没有关于乐观者与悲观者寿命长短的比较,D选项的表述不正确。因此,本题最佳选项为D。

23.事实细节题。题干“乐观疗法可以……”可定位到原文第3段trialsofoptimism-enhancingtreatments,includingpsychotherapiesandprobablyantidepressants(乐观疗法的尝试,包括心理疗法,可能还有抗抑郁药)。A选项“有助于发展正常的人格”,可定位到第3段最后一句thereisalreadypreliminaryevidencethatserotonin-enhancingantidepressantscanalternormalpersonalitytraits(初步证据表明,提高血清素的抗抑郁药可以改变正常的人格特征),即乐观疗法可以帮助发展正常人格,A选项与原文相符;B选项“有助于减少心脏病”,可定位到原文第4段第2句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.(通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。)由此可知,治疗抑郁症并不能减少心脏病,心理疗法是用来治疗抑郁症的,因此它也不能减少抑郁症,B选项与原文不符;C选项“有助于延长寿命”,可定位到原文最后一段第1、2句Butevenifpessimismcouldbe“treated”,wouldthatguaranteealongerlife?Judgingfromrecentresearchindepression,itmaybenoslam-dunk.(但即使悲观主义可以“治疗”,这就能保证更长的寿命吗?从最近对抑郁症的研究来看,这可能不是一件容易的事。)由此可知,寿命不一定能被延长,C选项与原文不符;D选项“有助于治愈临床抑郁症”,可定位到原文倒数第3句…thoughtheirdepressiondidimprove.(尽管他们的抑郁症确实有所改善),选项中cure是治好的意思,与原文improve“改善”不符。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

24.事实细节题。根据题干定位到最后一段。A选项“抑郁症是可治疗的”,可定位到原文最后一句Ifpessimistsshouldworryaboutanything,though,itisthattheymayhaveanundiagnosed—andtreatable—depression.(不过,如果说悲观者应该担心什么的话,那就是他们可能患有一种未被诊断的、可治疗的抑郁症。)由此可推断,抑郁症是可治疗的,A选项与句意相符;B选项“医生意识到了抑郁症的原因”,可定位到第3段Thisisnotsofar-fetchedifyouconsiderthatdepressionisassociatedwithalterationsinmanyneurotransmittersandhormones…(如果你认为抑郁症与许多神经递质和激素的改变有关,这就不是那么牵强了……)全文只有这个地方提到了抑郁症可能与神经递质和激素的改变有关,并没有其他地方提及抑郁症的成因,无法得知医生是否意识到了抑郁症的原因,B选项排除;C选项“悲观者不得不担心他们更短的寿命”,可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.(悲观主义者有足够多的烦恼,而不必担心自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。)由此判断,悲观者不需要担心寿命短暂的问题,C选项与原文表述相反,排除;D选项“治疗抑郁症可以治好心脏病和其他致命的疾病”,可定位到最后一段第3句Effortstodecreaseheartdiseaseandmortalitybytreatingdepressionhavebeendisappointing.(通过治疗抑郁症来减少心脏病和降低死亡率的努力一直令人失望。)由此可知,治疗抑郁症并不能治好心脏病,D选项的表述与原文相反,排除。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

25.作者意图题。题干“这篇文章主要想告诉我们……”,本文第1段介绍了某些病理精神状态,比如抑郁,与心血管疾病死亡风险显著升高有关,以及Dr.Giltay的实验表明与乐观者相比,悲观者的死亡率和发病率更高;第2段讨论了悲观者死亡率更高的可能原因——可能有抑郁症,并提出为什么乐观者身体更健康的问题;第3段回答了上文提出的问题,并提出乐观疗法有可能可以治疗抑郁症;第4段总结悲观者可能患有未被查出的抑郁症,但即使抑郁症可以被治疗,也不能延长寿命。A选项“悲观主义在城市居民中很常见”,本文并未就悲观主义是否常见进行讨论,排除;B选项“悲观者注定活得更短”,可定位到最后一段倒数第2句pessimistshaveenoughtofretaboutwithoutworryingthattheirowntemperamentwilldoomthemtoashortlife.(悲观者有足够多的烦恼,而不必担心自己的性格会注定他们的生命短暂。)由此判断,作者认为悲观者不必担心自己的生命短暂,那么作者的意图不会是想告诉读者悲观者的寿命短暂,且B选项的表述过去绝对,排除;C选项“乐观能保证更长寿、更健康的生活”,根据全文判断,文章的主要讨论对象是悲观主义与悲观者,C选项“乐观”的作用,不会是作者的意图,排除;D选项“悲观主义对我们的健康非常有害”,根据段落大意判断,表述正确,且符合题意。因此,本文最佳选项为D。

9.单选题

YoucommentthatIseemrelaxedtoday.Areyou______thatI’musuallyuptight?

问题1选项

A.pondering

B.intimating

C.indigenous

D.intimidating

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。A项pondering为ponder的现在分词,表示“沉思,默想”,B项intimating为intimate的现在分词,表示“暗示,通知”,C项indigenous“本土的,国产的”,D项intimidating为intimidate的现在分词,表示“恐吓,威胁”。前面的句子意思是“你说我今天看起来很放松”,后面提到了uptight(紧张),这与前面相反,可以推测空格处表示“暗示”,B项符合。句意:你说我今天看起来很放松。你是在暗示我平常看起来都是紧张的吗?因此,该题选择B项。

10.单选题

Farmersstreamedtothewest,fillingfrontierlandswithstunningrapidity.

问题1选项

A.predictable

B.impressive

C.famous

D.gradual

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项predictable“可预言的”,B项impressive“给人以深刻印象的”,C项famous“著名的,极好的”,D项gradual“逐渐的,平缓的”。句意:农民们涌向西部,以惊人的速度填满了边境土地。stunning在句中表示“惊人的”,四个选项中意思与之相近的是B项。因此,该题选择B项。

11.单选题

Ofalltheclassicalcomposers,Tchaikovskyhasbeenaveritablegold-mineasa()sourceofthemesforpopulararrangements.

问题1选项

A.lucrative

B.ostensible

C.orthodox

D.tentative

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lucrative“有利可图的,赚钱的”;B选项ostensible“表面的,假装的”;C选项orthodox“正统的;惯常的”;D选项tentative“不确定的,暂定的;犹豫的”。句意:在所有的古典作曲家中,柴可夫斯基是一个名副其实的金矿,他总是创造出大受市场欢迎的主题作品。由gold-mine可知lucrative与其意思对应。因此A选项正确。

12.单选题

Unlikegirlsandboysinearliergenerations,whotendedtospendagooddealoftimeplayingtogether,today’s12-year-oldsaretypicallygivenseveralelectronicdevices,sothey

wouldinclinetoplayalone.

问题1选项

A.gooddealoftimeplaying

B.today’s12-year-olds

C.typicallygiven

D.wouldinclinetoplay

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】动词误用。incline改为tend。此处表达的是:倾向(做…),而inclinetodosth.为:倾向于(认为某个信念或观点是正确的)。

13.单选题

Althoughshegivesbadly(

)titlestohermusicalcompositions,theyincorporateunusualcombinationsofmaterialsincludingGregorianchant,Asianscalepatternsandrhythms,electronicsounds,andbirdsongs.

问题1选项

A.exotic

B.eccentric

C.imaginative

D.conventional

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。exotic异国的,外来的eccentric古怪的,反常的;imaginative虚构的,富于想象的;conventional符合习俗的,日常的。句意:尽管她糟糕地给她的音乐作品赋以寻常的(传统的)题目,但是这些作品却体现出对一些材料的不寻常整合,比如罗马教的圣歌、亚洲的音阶风格节奏、古怪的声响和鸟鸣。由although及unusual可知空格处所填单词应与unusual相反,故答案为D。

14.单选题

Technologyisnecessarybecauseithelpsthemputabusinessstrategyinto()butitisjustameanstoanend.

问题1选项

A.use

B.effect

C.consequence

D.employment

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.use使用;得到利用B.effect效应;影响

C.consequence结果;后果D.employment就业

【答案】B

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句意“技术是必要的,因为它可以帮助他们______商业战略,但它只是达到目的的一种手段”可知,空格处表示“实施”符合句意,且putintoeffect是固定搭配,表示“执行,实施”,所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】

A项指使用某个工具、机器等;

C、D项没有此搭配。

【句意】技术是必要的,因为它可以帮助他们实施商业战略,但它只是达到目的的一种手段。

15.单选题

Outof()revenge,hedidhisworsttoblackenhercharacterandruinherreputation.

问题1选项

A.perfect

B.total

C.sheer

D.integral

【答案】C

【解析】句意:纯粹出于报复,他拼命诋毁她的人品,败坏她的名誉。

考查形容词辨析。perfect完美的,纯熟的;total全部的,整个的;sheer全然的,纯粹的,十足的;integral完整的,整体的。因此C项符合句意。

16.单选题

Thefinalrecommendationwasthattheemployeeonprobation(

)aspecialnightclassforonesemester.

问题1选项

A.attend

B.hasattended

C.attends

D.attended

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示“建议、要求、命令”等意思的词相关的从句谓语部分要用should+动词原形,should可以省略,因此选A。

句意:最终的建议是试用期雇员一个学期参见一次特殊夜校学习。

17.单选题

It’seasytoblamethedeclineofconversationonthepaceofmodernlifeandonthevaguechanges________placeinourever-changingworld.

问题1选项

A.taking

B.totake

C.take

D.taken

【答案】A

【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:很容易会把人们对话的减少怪罪在当代生活的快节奏和发生在我们这个不断变化的世界里的难以言说的变化。句子中连词连接两个介词结构,没有从句引导词,因此我们得用非谓语,排除C选项。这些变化是一直在发生的,所以我们要用现在分词形式,所以答案选A。

18.单选题

Onenteringtheroom,he(

)hiseyesrounditbutsawnothingstrange.

问题1选项

A.jerked

B.flung

C.tossed

D.cast

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项jerk“猛拉”;B选项fling“掷,抛”;C选项toss“抛,投”;D选项cast“投掷”。选项B,C,D都要投掷的意思,但只有选项D能与后面的round搭配使用,castround意为“寻找”,句意:一进房间,他就环视四周(寻找),但没有发现什么奇怪的东西。选项D符合句意。

19.问答题

Directions:Thispanconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,onemeachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.word,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.before→ago

2.Surprised→surprising

3.does→with

4.season→seasonality

5.being→be

6.an→any

7.apparent→apparently

8.to→/

9.on^theotherhand

10.in^thethementalhospital

【解析】1.常用搭配。sevenyearsago表示“几年前”。

2.形容词误用。此处的形容词是修饰“link”,因此,用surprising表示“令人惊讶的,出乎意料的”更符合搭配。

3.固定搭配。aswith和…一样。

4.固定搭配。bemorethan+形容词,表示“很、非常”,相当于very;根据后文的also可知,此处应该是bemorethan+名词,表示“不仅仅是”。因此,将形容词seasonal改成名词seasonality(季节性),即“然而,谋杀不只是季节性的”。

5.固定搭配。belikelytodosth.很可能做什么事。因此,being应该改成动词原形be。

6.限定词误用。any表示“任一”之意,与单数可数名词连用。

7.词性误用。主语是“ourintellectualseasonalcycles”,因此,形容词“apparent”应该改成副词“apparently”,作状语以修饰整句话,表示“显然地’’。

8.语法题。并列的不定式由and和or连接时,为了避免重复,从第二个不定式开始,常省略to.因此,此处应该将propose之前的to省略。

9.固定搭配。ontheotherhand另一方面。

10.冠词遗漏。句中已经有单词admissions表示“进入”之意,因此,后面的状语应该只是表示地点:“在医院里”。因此,此处要加上冠词the。

20.单选题

Thecompanymakesaperiodicalreviewofexpenditureeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.regular

B.immediate

C.prevalent

D.temporary

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项regular“定期的;有规律的;合格的;整齐的;普通的”;B选项immediate“立即的;直接的;最接近的”;C选项prevalent“流行的;普遍的,广传的”;D选项temporary“暂时的,临时的”。句意:公司每月定期检查支出情况。结合此处关键词periodical“[数]周期的;定期的”,得知A选项正确。

21.单选题

The(

)of“snake”issimplythis:aleglessreptilewithalong,thinbody.

问题1选项

A.connotation

B.denomination

C.donation

D.denotation

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。connotation“内涵;含蓄”;denomination“面额;名称;教派”;donation“捐款;捐赠物;捐赠”;denotation“符号;表示;意义”。句意:“蛇”的字面意思是:一种有着长而细的身体的无腿爬行动物。选项D符合题意。

22.单选题

Manywomenstillfeelthattheyarebeing()byamaleculture,particularlyintheprofessionalservicessector.

问题1选项

A.heldback

B.heldforth

C.heldon

D.heldout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项heldback“阻碍”;B选项heldforth“提供”;C选项heldon“坚持”;D选项heldout“伸出”。句意:许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展,尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展,因此A选项正确。

23.单选题

I'mworriedaboutwashingthatshirtincaseit().

问题1选项

A.decreases

B.contracts

C.constringes

D.shrinks

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项decrease“减少”,B项contract“收缩”,C项constringe“使收敛”,D项名词shrink“缩水”;句意:我不敢洗那件衬衫,怕它会缩水。因此D选项正确。

24.单选题

IfIseethetwinbrothersapartIdon’tknow______.

问题1选项

A.whoiswho

B.whoiswhom

C.whichiswhich

D.whoiswhich

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.whoiswho谁是谁B.whoiswhom谁是谁

C.whichiswhich哪个是哪个D.whoiswhich谁是哪个

【考查点】习语用法。

【解题思路】由if条件句的意思“如果我把这对孪生兄弟分开看”,可知Idon’tknow______应该表示“我分不清谁是谁”,而whichiswhich通常用于区分两个十分相似的人或事物。故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示人们的情况,如姓名、工作、身份等,如WhenIgotothosefamilyreunions,Icanneverrememberwho’swho.(我去参加那些家庭团圆聚会时,从来记不住谁是谁。);

B、D选项没有这个用法。

【句意】如果我把这对孪生兄弟分开看,我分不清谁是谁。

25.单选题

Thenewconvergenceofbiologyandeconomyhasbeenhelpedbyacommonmethodology—gametheory.JohnMaynardSmith,aprofessorofbiologyattheUniversityofSussex,inBritain,wasthefirsttoeffectivelyapplytheeconomist’shabitofplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswithmoneywhileevolutionarygamesrewardwinnerswithchancetosurviveandbreed.Onegameinparticularhasprovedespeciallyinformativeinbothdisciplines:theprisoner’sdilemma.

Adramatizedversionofthegamerunsasfollows:twoguiltyaccomplicesareheldinseparatecellsandinterrogatedbythepolice.Eachisfacedwithadilemma.Iftheybothconfess(or“defect”),theywillbothgotojailforthreeyears.Iftheybothstaysilent(or“cooperate”),theywillbothgotojailforayearonalesserchargethatthepolicecanprove.Butifoneconfessesandtheotherdoesnot,theformerwillwalkfreeonanagreement,whilethecooperator,whostayedsilent,willgetafive-yearsentence.

Assumingthattheyhavenotdiscussedthedilemmabeforetheywerearrested,caneachtrusthisaccomplicetostaysilent?Ifnot,heshoulddefectandreducehissentencefromfivetothreeyears.Butevenifhecanrelyonhispartnertocooperate,heisstillbetteroffifhedefects,becausethatreduceshissentencefromthreeyearstononeatall.Soeachwillreasonthattherightthingtodoistodefect,whichresultsinthreeyearsforeachofthem.Inthelanguageofgametheorists,individuallyrationalstrategiesresultinacollectivelyirrationaloutcome.

Biologistswereinterestedintheprisoner’sdilemmaasamodelfortheevolutionofcooperation.Underwhatconditions,theywantedtoknow,woulditpayananimaltoevolveastrategybasedoncooperationratherthandefection?Theydiscoveredthatthebleakmessageoftheprisoner’sdilemmaneednotobtainifthegameisonlyoneinalongseries—playedbystudents,researchers,orcomputers,forpointsratherthanyearsinjail.Underthesecircumstancesthebeststrategyistocooperateonthefirsttrialandthendowhatevertheotherguydidlasttime.Thisstrategybecameknownastit-for-tat.Thethreatofretaliationmakesdefectionmuchlesslikelytopay.

RobertAlfred,apoliticalscientist,andWilliamHamilton,abiologist,bothattheUniversityofMichigan,discoveredbypublictournamentthatthereseemstobenostrategythatbeatstit-for-tat.Tit-for-two-tats—thatis,cooperateeveniftheotherdefectsonce,butnotifhedefectstwice—comesclosetobeatingit,butofhundredsofstrategiesthathavebeentried,noneworksbetter.

1.Whatisgametheory?

2.ThetwoguiltyaccomplicesmentionedinPara.2are().

3.Fortheworstsituation,whatisthetotalyearofthetwoaccomplices’sentence?

4.Whatarethebiologists’findingsforthecooperationstrategy?

5.Whatdoestit-for-two-tatsmean?

问题1选项

A.Thetheorytoplaygames.

B.Itmeansplayinga“game”withcompetingstrategiestoevolutionarymysteries.

C.Itisamethodologyappliedtobotheconomyandevolution.

D.Ithelpspeopletosurvive.

问题2选项

A.partofadrama

B.usedtofindasimplerwaytoexplainthegametheory

C.toexplainhowthepolicepunishthecrime

D.toexplainhowthegametheorycomeintobeing

问题3选项

A.Threeyears.

B.Fiveyears.

C.Sixyears.

D.Zero

问题4选项

A.Thereisnoresultsincethegameisinalongseries.

B.Peoplewouldliketocooperate.

C.Peoplewouldliketocooperateandwhattheydonexttimedepends.

D.Peoplewouldlikenottocooperate.

问题5选项

A.Whenonegivestit,theotherwillgivetwotatsinresponse.

B.Whenonegivestwotats,theotherwillgivetitinresponse.

C.Tit-for-two-tatsdevelopsfromtit-for-tat.

D.Whencooperationfailsthefirsttime,therewillbeanotherchance.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】1.【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到原文第一段“Theonlydifferenceisthattheeconomicgamesrewardwinnerswi

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