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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川体育职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

()Irealizedtheconsequences,Iwouldneverhavecontemplatedgettinginvolved.

问题1选项

A.Evenif

B.Had

C.Aslongas

D.If

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法知识。evenif“即使”;had在这里是表示动词时态的助词;aslongas“只要”;if“(表示条件)如果”。句意:如果我意识到了后果,我绝对不会让自己卷进来。选项D符合题意。

2.单选题

Scientificevidencefromdifferent()demonstratesthatinmosthumansthelefthemisphereofthebraincontrolslanguages.

问题1选项

A.principles

B.grounds

C.disciplines

D.rules

【答案】C

【解析】principles原则;grounds根据,理由;disciplines纪律,学科;rules规则,条例。句意:来自不同学科领域的科学证据表明,大多数人的左脑控制着语言。选项C符合语境。

3.单选题

More____thannot,Dadisthelastonetospeak.

问题1选项

A.always

B.often

C.frequent

D.so

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.always总是B.often经常

C.frequent频繁的D.so这样

【考查点】固定搭配

【解题思路】根据前后有More____thannot推断,本题考查的是固定搭配moreoftenthannot“通常;往往”,因此,B选项often“经常”符合搭配要求。另外asoftenasnot也表示“通常;往往”。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文搭配。

【句意】父亲通常是最后一个讲话的。

4.单选题

TheGrand______intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswideatitsmaximum.

问题1选项

A.Canyon

B.Ford

C.Abyss

D.Quarry

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.Canyon大峡谷B.Ford浅滩

C.Abyss深渊,无底洞D.Quarry采石场

【答案】A

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息“intheUSAis1900metersdeepand25kilometerswide(在美国,它深1900米,宽25公里)”可知,句子前半部分涉及的是峡谷,岩壁一类的,而固定搭配“theGrandCanyon”可表示美国的科罗拉多大峡谷,因此本题正确答案为A选项。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不符合语义逻辑。

【句意】美国大峡谷深1900米,最宽25公里。

5.单选题

Healwayshasalotof()ideasinhismind,andsometimeswedonotevenknowwhatheisthinkingabout.

问题1选项

A.novel

B.minute

C.explicit

D.solemn

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。novel“新奇的,异常的”;minute“微小的,详细的”;explicit“明确的,清楚的”;solemn“庄严的,严肃的”。句意:他总是有许多()的想法,有时候我们甚至不知道他在想什么。由后半句“我们有时候不知道他在想什么”可推知他的想法是很新奇的,故A项符合题意。

6.单选题

Onlineservicesthatprovide()loverssawariseinpopularitybeforetheValentine’sDay,whichiscelebratedeveryyearonFeb14.

问题1选项

A.humble

B.noble

C.radical

D.virtual

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项humble表示“谦逊的,简陋的”,B选项noble表示“高贵的,宏伟的”,C选项radical表示“激进的,根本的,彻底的”,D选项virtual表示“事实上的,(计算机仿真)虚拟的”。由句意可知,情人节前,网上提供()情侣的服务日渐增多。由此可知,只有D选项最符合原文句意,virtuallover表示“虚拟情侣”。故本题正确答案为D选项。

7.单选题

Thecarshandlewellandhaveastrikingdesign,with“butterfly”doorsthat_______upandopen.

问题1选项

A.switch

B.sweep

C.swing

D.swell

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.switch(使)改变,转变B.sweep打扫,清扫

C.swing(使)摆动,摇摆D.swell(使)凸出,鼓出

【答案】C

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键词butterfly,可知车门的设计就像蝴蝶一样,结合后面andopen,可知横线处指的是车门打开的方式,swing符合语境,因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合语境。

【句意】这款车操作良好,设计引人注目,它的蝴蝶门可以向上摇,然后打开。

8.单选题

There'sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody_______becauseshedoesn'twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.

问题1选项

A.picksout

B.picksover

C.pickson

D.picksoff

【答案】C

【解析】pickout挑选;pickover仔细检查……以便选出优品(或剔除劣品);pickon作弄,挑剔;pickoff摘掉。句意:我们学校有一个女孩,每个人都欺负她,因为她穿的和大家不一样;大家都讨厌她。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraints(约束)influencewageincreases.Onething,however,iscertain:yourchancesofgettingtheraiseyoufeelyoudeservearelessifyoudon'tatleastaskforit.Mentendtoaskformore,andtheygetmore,andthisholdstruewithotherresources,notjustpayincreases.ConsiderBeth'sstory:

IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit.Wehadcubicle(小隔间)officesandwindowoffices.Isatinthecubicleswithseveralmalecolleagues.Onebyonetheyweremovedintowindowoffices,whileIremainedinthecubicles.Severalmaleswhowerehiredaftermealsowenttooffices.Oneinparticulartoldmehewasnextinlineforanofficeandthatithadbeenpartofhisnegotiationsforthejob.IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway.

Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit.

Performanceisyourbestbargainingchip(筹码)whenyouareseekingaraise.Youmustbeabletodemonstratethatyoudeservearaise.Timingisalsoagoodbargainingchip.Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant.

Useinformationasabargainingchiptoo.Findoutwhatyouareworthontheopenmarket.Whatwillsomeoneelsepayforyourservices?

Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction.

1.Accordingtothepassage,beforetakingajob,apersonshould().

2.WhatcanbeinferredfromBeth’sstory?

3.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat().

4.Togetapayraise,apersononshould().

5.Tobesuccessfulinnegotiations,onemust().

问题1选项

A.demonstratehiscapability

B.givehisbossagoodimpression

C.askforasmuchmoneyashecan

D.askforthesalaryhehopestoget

问题2选项

A.Prejudiceagainstwomenstillexistsinsomeorganizations.

B.Ifpeoplewantwhattheydeservetheyhavetoaskforit.

C.Peopleshouldnotbecontentwithwhattheyhavegot.

D.Peopleshouldbecarefulwhennegotiatingforajob.

问题3选项

A.unfairnessexistsinsalaryincreases

B.mostpeopleareoverworkedandunderpaid

C.oneshouldavoidoverstatingone’sperformance

D.mostorganizationsgivetheirstaffautomaticpayraises

问题4选项

A.advertisehimselfonthejobmarket

B.persuadehisbosstosignalong-termcontract

C.trytogetinsideinformationabouttheorganization

D.dosomethingtoimpresshisbossjustbeforemeritpaydecisions

问题5选项

A.meethisbossattheappropriatetime

B.arriveatthenegotiationtablepunctually

C.begoodatinfluencingtheoutcomeoftheinteraction

D.befamiliarwithwhatthebosslikesanddislikes

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词beforetakingajob定位至第一句话:Itiseasiertonegotiateinitialsalaryrequirementbecauseonceyouareinside,theorganizationalconstraintsinfluencewageincreases(协商起薪更为容易,因为你一旦进入了公司,公司的制度限制就会影响工资增长)。也就是,若担心入职后工资增长受限,入职前则尽量要求多的薪水

2.判断推理题。第二段讲述了关于Beth的经历:IdidnotgetwhatIwantedwhenIdidnotaskforit(当我没有要求时,我没有得到我想要的)。IguesstheythoughtmecontenttostayinthecubiclessinceIdidnotvoicemyopinioneitherway(我认为,他们觉得我满意目前的状况,因为我没有说出我的意见)。由此可知,如果你想得到你本应得的薪酬和待遇,你就应当主动去争取或说出自己的想法。因此选B项“如果人们想要得到他们理应得到的,就必须提出要求”。

3.判断推理题。通过选项可以定位至第三段:Itwouldbeniceifweallreceivedautomaticpayincreasesequaltoourmerit,but"nice"isn'taqualityattributedtomostorganizations.Ifyoufeelyoudeserveasignificantraiseinpay,you'llprobablyhavetoaskforit(如果我们都能够自动获得与价值相当的加薪,这将是多么美好的事,但是,美好对于多数公司来说并不是必备特质。如果你觉得应获大幅度的加薪,那么,你最好是提出来)。因此,A项“在工资增长问题上存在不公之处”正确。

4.判断推理题。第四段指出:表现是加薪的最好筹码,而且时机也很重要。并且加以举例说明:Ifyoucangiveyourbosssomethingheorsheneeds(anewclientorasizablecontract,forexample)justbeforemeritpaydecisionsarebeingmade,youaremorelikelytogettheraiseyouwant(如果你能向老板提供他/她所需要的东西(比如一个新客户,或者是一个可观的合同),那么,你就更有可能得到想要的加薪)。因此D项“在绩效工资决定之前,做一些让老板留下深刻印象的事”正确。

5.判断推理题。最后一段指出:Gointothenegotiationspreparedtoplaceyourchipsonthetableattheappropriatetimeandpreparedtousecommunicationstyletoguidethedirectionoftheinteraction(带上这个筹码,在合适的时机去谈判吧!并通过使用谈判技巧来引导相互作用的方向)。因此,此处是指谈判的合适时机,并未说具体的见面时间。因此排除A项和B项。D选项“熟悉老板的好恶”在文中并未提及。而且,C项“善于影响交流互动的结果”相当于“toguidethedirectionoftheinteraction”,故选C。

10.单选题

Childrenare____tobenoisywhiletheyareplaying.

问题1选项

A.easy

B.liable

C.likely

D.apt

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.easy容易的B.liable可能的

C.likely可能的D.apt易于……;有……倾向的

【答案】D

【考查点】近义词辨析

【解题思路】原句语义为“当孩子们在玩耍的时候,他们____吵闹的。”D选项apt“易于……;有……倾向的”,apttobenoisy指的是有吵吵闹闹的自然倾向,表达的是孩子们在玩耍的时候常常是吵闹的一种自然倾向或状态,D选项语义最恰当。

【干扰项排除】

A选项easy“容易的”,代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候吵闹起来很容易,一点都不难,表达的是难易程度,语义没有D选项恰当;

B选项liable“可能的”,代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的,表达的是一种可能性,语义没有D选项恰当;

C选项likely“可能的”,代入语境指孩子们玩耍的时候可能是吵闹的,表达的是一种可能性,语义没有D选项恰当。

【句意】孩子们玩耍的时候往往很吵闹。

11.单选题

Asadefenseagainstair-pollutiondamage,manyplantsandanimals()asubstancetoabsorbharmfulchemicals.

问题1选项

A.relieve

B.release

C.dismiss

D.discard

【答案】B

【解析】形近词词义辨析。relieve解除,减轻;release释放;dismiss解散,解雇;discard抛弃,丢弃。句意:许多动植物会释放一种物质来吸收有害的化学物质。选项B符合句意。

12.单选题

()hisknowledgeandacademicbackground,heisbasicallystupid.

问题1选项

A.Butfor

B.Accordingto

C.Forall

D.Thanksto

【答案】C

【解析】句意:尽管他有一定的知识和学术背景,但是从根本上来说他还是很笨的。

考查短语辨析。butfor要不是,如果没有;accordingto按照,根据;forall尽管,虽然;thanksto由于,幸亏。根据后半句句意“从根本上来说他还是很笨的”可知前半句表示让步,故选C项。

13.单选题

Sofar,thegovernmentofthatcountryliasdone()nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.

问题1选项

A.perceptibly

B.vitally

C.practically

D.identically

【答案】C

【解析】句意:到目前为止,那个国家的政府事实上没有做任何事情去应对核事故胁。

考查副词辨析。perceptibly显然地,看得出地;vitally紧要地,生死攸关地;practically几乎,事实上;identically同一地,相等地。因此C符合句意。

14.单选题

Whatkindofhumanbeingwillthefuturespacemanbe?Willheneedbonesofsteelandpowerfulmusclestoresistrocketthrust,thelungsofaglassblower,amightyheart,thecalmnessofanacrobat,unconsciousdeathurges,oraschizophrenic(患精神分裂症的)drovetowardisolation?Popularideasofaspacemantendtobefunnycompositesoffictionandfact.

Amorerealisticportraitemergesfromtheyoungscienceofbioastronautics,thenewestandstrangestofmedicaldisciplines.Theastronautmaybedescribedasayoungmanofhighintelligencewhoisnormaltoanabnormaldegree.Onearthhemaywellhavebeenahighjumper,oracrobat.Hemustbehighlymotivated,carefullytrained,andhemustwanttocomeback.

Hisheartandlungsmustbehealthybutneednotbeexceptionallydeveloped,forhiscabinwillbepressurized.Hugemusclesmayactuallybedisadvantageous,forhewillhavealmostnowaytogetexercise,andhewillfindthatthestrengthofayear-oldchildisadequateintheweightlessnessofspace.Afirmbodyandashort,strongneckwillhelphimtowithstandthetremendousforcesencounteredattake-off.Mostimportantphysically,hisdigestivesystemmustbeonethatwillnotbeupsetbyweightlessness;hemustnotbesubjecttomotionsickness.

46.AllthefollowingarepopularbeliefsaboutthefuturespacemanEXCEPTthat______.

47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredbytheauthorasamorerealisticimageofthefuturespaceman?

48.Bioastronauticsismostlyrelatedto______.

49.“normaltoanabnormaldegree”(Para.2)means______.

50.Tothefuturespaceman,whatismostphysicallyimportantisthat______.

问题1选项

A.facedwithisolation,heisbraveenoughandnotliabletogomad

B.heneedstohaveastrongdeathcomplex

C.hemusthavestrongbonesandpowerfulmuscles

D.hemustbecool-headed

问题2选项

A.Hemusthavesuperiorintelligence.

B.Heisyoung.

C.Heshouldhaveastrongdesiretosurvive.

D.Hedoesn’tgetupseteasily.

问题3选项

A.literature

B.thescienceofmedicine

C.biology

D.disciplinesandregulations

问题4选项

A.seeminglynormalbutactuallyabnormal

B.soordinarythatheisundistinguishedineveryway

C.extremelyhealthy,andthereisnothingabnormalwithhim

D.sonormalthatnoonebelievesitistrue

问题5选项

A.hisvitalcapacitymustbeasgreatataglassblower’s

B.hemusthaveashortandfirmneck

C.hisheartmustbecomparativelylarge

D.hisdigestivesystemshouldnotbeupsetbyweightlessness

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】46.【选项释义】

46.AllthefollowingarepopularbeliefsaboutthefuturespacemanEXCEPTthat______.46.下面这些都是关于未来宇航员流行的信念,除了______。

A.facedwithisolation,heisbraveenoughandnotliabletogomadA.面对孤立,他是足够勇敢的,不会发疯

B.heneedstohaveastrongdeathcomplexB.他需要有强烈的死亡情结

C.hemusthavestrongbonesandpowerfulmusclesC.他必须有强壮的骨骼和强壮的肌肉

D.hemustbecool-headedD.他必须头脑冷静

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干的关键信息popularbeliefs定位至文章第一段,第二句对此有描述“他需要钢铁般的骨骼和强壮的肌肉来抵抗火箭的推力(bonesofsteelandpowerfulmuscles),需要吹玻璃者的肺,需要强大的心脏,需要杂技演员的冷静(thecalmnessofanacrobat),需要无意识的死亡冲动(unconsciousdeathurges),还是需要一个被推向孤立的精神分裂症?”,从中可知,只有A项不符合原文,文中虽然提到了“孤立”,但重点是“精神分裂症”,所以该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】B选项“他需要有强烈的死亡情结”、C选项“他必须有强壮的骨骼和强壮的肌肉”和D选项“他必须头脑冷静”都包括在内。

47.【选项释义】

47.WhichofthefollowingisNOTconsideredbytheauthorasamorerealisticimageofthefuturespaceman?47.以下哪一项不是作者认为的更现实的未来宇航员的形象?

A.Hemusthavesuperiorintelligence.A.他一定有过人的智慧。

B.Heisyoung.B.他是年轻的。

C.Heshouldhaveastrongdesiretosurvive.C.他应该有强烈的求生欲望。

D.Hedoesn’tgetupseteasily.D.他不容易生气。

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中的信息amorerealisticimage定位至文章第二段,文中对于未来宇航员现实的形象有描述:宇航员可以被描述为一个智力超群的年轻人(ayoungmanofhighintelligence),他的正常程度达到了不正常的程度。在地球上,他很可能是个跳高运动员,或者杂技演员。他必须有高度的积极性,经过仔细的训练,他必须想要回来(hemustwanttocomeback)。从中可知,只有D项“他不容易生气”在文中是没有提及的,属于无中生有。所以,该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】A选项“他一定有过人的智慧”、B选项“他是年轻的”和C选项“他应该有强烈的求生欲望”都符合原文。

48.【选项释义】

48.Bioastronauticsismostlyrelatedto______.48.生物航天大多与______有关。

A.literatureA.文学

B.thescienceofmedicineB.医学科学

C.biologyC.生物

D.disciplinesandregulationsD.规程和规定

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据关键词Bioastronautics定位至第二段第一句“生物航天(Bioastronautics)这门年轻的科学是最新、最奇特的医学学科(medicaldisciplines),它的描绘更为现实”,可知,生物航天是一门医学学科,所以它与医学相关。因此,该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A选项“文学”、C选项“生物”和D选项“规程和规定”没有提及,无中生有。

49.【选项释义】

49.“normaltoanabnormaldegree”(Para.2)means______.49.第二段“正常到不正常的程度”的意思是______。

A.seeminglynormalbutactuallyabnormalA.表面上正常,实际上不正常

B.soordinarythatheisundistinguishedineverywayB.他是如此平凡,以至于在各方面都不出众

C.extremelyhealthy,andthereisnothingabnormalwithhimC.他非常健康,没有什么不正常的

D.sonormalthatnoonebelievesitistrueD.如此正常没人相信这是真的

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到第二段第二句“宇航员可以被描述为一个智力超群的年轻人,他的正常程度达到了不正常的程度(normaltoanabnormaldegree)”,这是作者在文章中对于现实的未来宇航员的描述,结合后一句“在地球上,他很可能是个跳高运动员,或者杂技演员”,综合理解可推断,作者认为现实中未来宇航员也是一个普通的人,所以normaltoanabnormaldegree在这里是指“普通到不能再普通的地步了”,B选项“他是如此平凡,以至于在各方面都不出众”符合这一描述。

【干扰项排除】A选项“表面上正常,实际上不正常”、C选项“他非常健康,没有什么不正常的”和D选项“如此正常没人相信这是真的”理解错误,属于曲解原文。

50.【选项释义】

50.Tothefuturespaceman,whatismostphysicallyimportantisthat______.50.对于未来的宇航员来说,最重要的是______。

A.hisvitalcapacitymustbeasgreatataglassblower’sA.他的肺活量肯定和吹玻璃的工人一样大

B.hemusthaveashortandfirmneckB.他的脖子一定又短又结实

C.hisheartmustbecomparativelylargeC.他的心脏一定比较大

D.hisdigestivesystemshouldnotbeupsetbyweightlessnessD.他的消化系统不会因为失重而紊乱

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中的关键信息“mostphysicallyimportant”定位至文章最后一句话“对身体最重要的是(Mostimportantphysically),他的消化系统必须不会因失重而紊乱”,从中可知,对于未来的太空人来说,最重要的事情就是他的消化系统不会由于失重而紊乱。因此,该题选择D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他的肺活量肯定和吹玻璃的工人一样大”和C选项“他的心脏一定比较大”定位至最后一段第一句“他的心脏和肺必须是健康的,但不需要特别发达(neednotbeexceptionallydeveloped),因为他的机舱将有压力”,可知这两项曲解原文;

B选项定位最后一段倒数第二句“一个结实的身体和一个短而强壮的脖子将帮助他承受在起飞时遇到的巨大的力量”,可知,“他的脖子一定又短又结实”确实是未来宇航员具备的,但不是最重要的,属于张冠李戴。

15.单选题

Automobiles,notfactories,areresponsiblefortwo-thirdsofthesmoginAmerica'scities,andthesmog()thepossibilityofawholenewkindofepidemic,notduetoonegerm,butduetopollutedenvironment.

问题1选项

A.presents

B.emerges

C.erects

D.imposes

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:presents“呈现;提交;使产生”;B:emerges“出现”;C:erects“使直立”;D:imposes“强加;征税”。句意:汽车而不是工厂,是美国城市三分之二的烟雾的罪魁祸首。烟雾产生了一种全新的流行病的可能性,不是由一种细菌引起的,而是由于环境污染造成的。结合语境,由宾语是“一种全新疾病的可能性”,可知A为正确答案。

16.写作题

Asthesocietydevelops,interpersonalrelationshipsaregettingmoreandmoreindifferent.Pleasemakecommentonthephenomena.

【答案】Itseemsveryridiculousthatpeoplelivingsoneardon’tknoweachotherforsuchalongtime.However,theconditionisperformedeverywhere.Itistheexactreflectionofinterpersonalrelationshipsinthemodemworldwheremostpeopleliveinapartments.Theyclosetheirdoorsandnevergooutassoonastheygethomefromwork.Iftheylivealone,theywillkilltheirtimebywatchingTVorreadingmagazines.Theydon’thaveanyconnectionsevenwiththeirclosestneighbors,whoseemnodifferentfrompeopletheymeeteverydayinthestreet.

Thisphenomenonisneithergoodtous,nortooursociety.Peoplewillfeellonelyandbecomemoreandmoreindifferentsothatinterpersonalrelationshipsarenotharmonious.Interpersonalcommunicationisveryimportanttous.Firstly,itisessentialforourphysicalwell-being.Lackofcommunicationshowsawiderangeofmedicalhazards.Sociallyisolatedpeoplearefoundtobetwoorthreetimesmorelikelytosufferfrompoorhealththanthosewithstrongsocialties.Steadyinterpersonalcommunicationcontributestothelongevityofourlives.Secondly,interpersonalcommunicationenablesustohaveasenseofouridentity.Deprivedofcommunicationwithothers,wecanhardlyhaveaclearideaofidentity.Oursenseofidentitycomesfromthewayweinteractwithotherpeople.Wedecidewhatwearelikebasedonhowothersreacttous.Inourlifeweneedtofeelasenseofbelongingtosomepersonalrelationship.Weneedtoinfluenceothersandfeelsomesenseofpoweroverourworld,andtocareforothersandknowthattheycareforus,thustohaveasenseofaffectionandfriendship.Lastly,interpersonalcommunicationisthemeansofimportantinformationineveryrespect,whichmakesuswellinformedandhelpsustogrow.

Tosumup,interpersonalcommunicationisjustasnecessaryaswaterandairtousinourworkandlife.Weshouldpaygreatattentiontotheamountofinterpersonalcommunicationaswellastothewaysofdoingit.Properandskillfulinterpersonalcommunicationwillsatisfyourphysicalneeds,psychologicalneeds,socialneedsandpracticalneeds.

17.单选题

ThemosteffectivewayIknowtoimproveyourwritingistodofreewritingexercisesregularly.Atleastthreetimesaweek.Theyaresometimescalled“automaticwriting”,“babbling”,or“jabbering”exercises.Theideaissimplytowritefortenminutes(lateron,perhapsfifteenortwenty).Don’tstopforanything.Goquicklywithoutrushing.Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething,towonderwhatwordorthoughttouse,ortothinkaboutwhatyouaredoing.Ifyoucan’tthinkofawordorspelling,justuseasquiggleorelsewrite,“Ican’tthinkofit.”Justputdownsomething.Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind.Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant;orrepeatthelastwordyouwroteoverandoveragain;oranythingelse.Theonlyrequirementisthatyouneverstop.

Whathappenstoafreewritingexerciseisimportant.Itmustbeapieceofwritingwhich,evenifsomeonereadsit,doesn’tsendanyripplesbacktoyou.Itislikewritingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.Theteacherlessclasshelpsyourwritingbyprovidingmaximumfeedback.Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall.WhenIassignone,Iinvitethewritertoletmereadit.Butalsotellhimtokeepitifheprefers.IreaditquicklyandmakenocommentsatallandIdonotspeakwithhimaboutit.Themainthingisthatafreewritingmustneverbeevaluatedinanyway;infacttheremustbenodiscussionorcommentatall.

Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense.Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting.Butthat’sitsdownfalltoo.Almosteverybodyinterposesamassiveandcomplicatedseriesofeditingsbetweenthetimethewordsstarttobebornintoconsciousnessandwhentheyfinallycomeoftheendofthepencilortypewriterontothepage.Thisispartlybecauseschoolingmakesusobsessedwiththe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords.

1.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage?

2.Whichofthefollowingisencouragedaboutfreewriting?

3.Accordingtothepassage,thephrase“getstuck”isclosestinmeaningtowhichofthefollowing?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatcomparedwithspeaking,writing().

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTageneralpracticeinfreewriting,accordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Topointouttheonlyeffectivewayofimprovingwriting.

B.Torevealthecrazyfeatureof“automaticwriting”.

C.Tourgereaderstotrytodofreewritingexercisesregularly.

D.Todescribetheprocessoffreewriting

问题2选项

A.Thinkingaboutspellingandgrammaraswetrytowrite.

B.Teachersaresupposedtoprovidefeedbackormakecommentsaboutapieceofwriting.

C.Crossoutthoseideasthatseemtobeambiguous.

D.Neverworryaboutthe“mistakes”wemakeinwriting.

问题3选项

A.Unabletodoanymoreofsomethingthatyouareworkingonbecauseitistoodifficult

B.Fixedinaparticularpositionandimpossibletomove

C.Unabletoescapefromaboringsituation

D.Startdoingsomethingeagerlyandwithalotofenergy.

问题4选项

A.hastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting

B.functionsmoreasaconsciousprocessofcorrecting“mistake”

C.isjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind

D.makesmoresensethansimplyputtingdownwords

问题5选项

A.Writingdownwhateverisinyourmind.

B.Payingnoattentiontospelling,dictionorgrammarwhilewriting.

C.Writingsomethingandputtingitinabottleinthesea.

D.Ignoringallpossiblemistakeswhilewriting.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:作者意图题。文章首先介绍了自由写作,包括其注意事项以及方式和特征,在最后一段的开头也强调:Freewritingmayseemcrazybutactuallyitmakessimplesense(自由写作也许看起来非常疯狂,但是这里面的道理很简单)。最后对比了学校的写作教育和自由写作,因此B项“揭示自由写作”比较符合文章的目的。

第2题:细节事实题。A:写作时思考拼写和语法。B:老师应该对一篇文章做出反馈或评论。C:把那些看起来模棱两可的想法去掉。D:永远不要担心写作时会“犯错”。第一段指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容,去划掉一部分,去思考单词该怎么拼写),因此A项跟C项不是自由写作所鼓励的。由“Freewritingshelpyoubyprovidingnofeedbackatall(自由写作通过不提供任何的反馈来达到帮助的目的)”可知B项也不是自由写作所鼓励的,故选D。

第3题:词义题。“getstuck”出现在第一段:Ifyougetstuck,it’sfinetowrite“Ican’tthinkwhattosay,Ican’tthinkwhattosay”asmanytimesasyouwant(如果你getstuck,你可以直接写我不知道该写什么”)。由此推断出文章中的getstuck指的是在写作过程中遇到困难,不知道该写什么内容以及不知道该怎么写,故答案选项为A。

第4题:细节事实题。Thinkofthedifferencebetweenspeakingandwriting.Writinghastheadvantageofpermittingmoreediting(思考一下说话和写作之间的区别。写作的优点是可以写下很多),A项是对此句的同义转述,故选A。

第5题:细节事实题。第一段指出:Theeasiestthingisjusttoputdownwhateverisinyourmind(最简单的就是把出现在脑海中的东西都写下来),由此可知A是自由写作的训练方法之一。第一段还指出:Neverstoptolookback,tocrosssomethingout,towonderhowtospellsomething(不要停下来去回顾已经写的内容,去划掉一些部分,去思考单词该怎么拼写),最后一段指出:Manypeopleareconstantlythinkingaboutspellingandgrammarastheytrytowrite.Iamalwaysthinkingabouttheawkwardness,wordiness,andgeneralmushinessofmynaturalverbalproductasItrytowritedownwords(许多人在写作的时候都会频繁地去思考拼写和语法的问题。我在写东西的时候通常会去思考词不达意、冗长、模糊不清等方面的问题)。由此可知B和D属于自由写作的训练方法,而C项误解了文章中的比喻修辞手法,因此答案选C。

18.单选题

SectionA

Theroleofgovernmentsinenvironmentalmanagementisdifficultbutinescapable.Sometimes,thestatetriestomanagetheresourcesitowns,anddoessobadly.Often,however,governmentsactinanevenmoreharmfulway.Theyactuallysubsidizetheexploitationandconsumptionofnaturalresources.Awholerangeofpolicies,fromfarmpricesupporttoprotectionforcoal-mining,doenvironmentaldamageand(often)makenoeconomicsense.Scrappingthemoffersatwo-foldbonus:acleanerenvironmentandamoreefficienteconomy.Growthandenvironmentalismcanactuallygohandinhand,ifpoliticianshavethecouragetocontrolthevestedinterestthatsubsidiescreate.

SectionB

Noactivityaffectsmoreoftheearth’ssurfacethanfarming.Itshapesathirdoftheplanet’slandarea,notcountingAntarctica,andtheproportionisrising.Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainlyasaresultofincreasesinyieldsfromlandalreadyincultivation,butalsobecausemorelandhasbeenbroughtundertheplough.Higheryieldshavebeenachievedbyincreasedirrigation,bettercropbreeding,andadoublingintheuseofpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersinthe1970sand1980s.

SectionC

Alltheseactivitiesmayhavedamagingenvironmentimpacts.Forexample,landclearingforagricultureisthelargestsinglecauseofdeforestation;chemicalfertilizersandpesticidesmaycontaminatewatersupplies;moreintensivefarmingandtheabandonmentoffallowperiodstendtoexacerbatesoilerosion;andthespreadofmonocultureanduseofhigh-yieldingvarietiesofcropshavebeenaccompaniedbythedisappearanceofoldvarietiesoffoodplantswhichmighthaveprovidedsomeinsuranceagainstpestsofdiseasesinfuture.Soilerosionthreatenstheproductivityoflandinbothrichandpoorcountries.TheUnitedState,wherethemostcarefulmeasurementshavebeendone,discoveredin1982thataboutone-fifthofitsfarmlandwaslosingtopsoilataratelikelytodiminishthesoil’sproductivity.Thecountrysubsequentlyembarkeduponaprogramtoconvert11percentofitscroppedlandtomeadoworforest.TopsoilinIndiaandChinaisvanishingmuchfasterthanAmerica.

SectionD

Governmentpolicieshavefrequentlycompoundedtheenvironmentaldamagethatfarmingcancause.Intherichcountries,subsidiesforgrowingcropsandpricesupportsforfarmoutputdriveupthepriceofland.Theannualvalueofthesesubsidiesisimmense;about$250billion,ormorethanallWorldBanklendinginthe1980s.Toincreasetheoutputofcropsperacre,afarmer’seasiestoptionistousemoreofthemostreadilyavailableinputs:fertilizersandpesticides.FertilizerusedoubledinDenmarkintheperiod1960-1985andincreasedinTheNetherlandsby150percent.Thequantityofpesticidesappliedhasrisentoo:by69percentin1975-1984inDenmark,forexample,withariseof115percentinthefrequencyofapplicationinthethreeyearsfrom1981.

Inthelate1980sandearly1990ssomeeffortsweremadetoreducefarmsubsidies.ThemostdramaticexamplewasthatofNewZealand,whichscrappedmostfarmsupportin1984.Astudyoftheenvironmentaleffects,conductedin1993,foundthattheendoffertilizersubsidieshadbeenfollowedbyafallinfertilizeruse(afallcompoundedbythedeclineinworldcommodityprices,whichcutfarmincomes).Theremovalofsubsidiesalsostoppedland-cleaningandover-stocking,whichinthepasthadbeentheprincipalcausesoferosion.Farmsbegantodiversify.Theonekindofsubsidywhoseremovalappearedtohavebeenbadfortheenvironmentwassubsidytomanagesoilerosion.

Inlessenlightenedcountries,andintheEuropeanUnion,thetrendhasbeentoreduceratherthaneliminatesubsidies,andtointroducenewpaymentstoencouragefarmerstotreattheirla

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