考研考博-英语-吉林动画学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-吉林动画学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Societywasfascinatedbyscienceandthingsscientificinthenineteenthcentury.Greatbreakthroughsinengineering,theuseofsteampower,andelectricitywerethereforalltosee,enjoy,andsuffer.Sciencewasfashionableanditisnotsurprisingthat,duringthisgreatperiodofindustrialdevelopment,scientificmethodsshouldbeappliedtotheactivitiesofman,particularlytothoseinvolvedintheprocessesofproduction.Towardstheendofthenineteenthcenturyinternationalcompetitionbegantomakeitselffelt.Thethreeindustrialgiantsoftheday,Germany,America,andGreatBritain,begantofindthattherewasalimittothepurchasingpowerofthepreviouslyapparentlyinexhaustiblemarkets.Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.

FrederickWinslowTaylorisgenerallyacknowledgedasbeingthefatherofthescientificmanagementapproach,asaresultofthepublicationofhisbook.ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement,publishedin1911.However,numerousotheracademicsandpractitionershadbeenactivelyapplyingsuchapproachessincethebeginningofthecentury.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic,well-knownforhisinventionofthemechanicalcomputer(withtheaidofagovernmentgrantaslongas1820),appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.

Taylorwasofwell-to-dobackgroundandreceivedanexcellenteducationbut,partlyowingtotroubleswithhiseyesight,decidedtobecomeanengineeringapprentice.Hespentsometwenty-fiveyearsinthetough,sometimesbrutal,environmentoftheUSsteelindustryandcarefullystudiedmethodsofworkwhenheeventuallyattainedsupervisorystatus.Hemadevarioussignificantinnovationsintheareaofsteelprocessing,buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork,andhispersonaleffortsthatprovedtheycouldsucceedinahostileenvironment.

In1901,Taylorleftthesteelindustryandspenttherestofhislifetryingtopromotetheprinciplesofmanagingscientificallyandemphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave—drivingmethodscommoninhisday.Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatwasbadlyneededtoimproveindustrialefficiency?

2.Taylorismostfamousfor（）.

3.CharlesBabbage,anEnglishacademic（）.

4.Taylor'sscientificmanagementmethodwasdescribedas（）.

5.Whenhediedin1915,Taylor（）.

问题1选项

A.Greatbreakthroughs

B.Unlimitedpurchasingpower

C.Scienceandcompetition.

D.Internationalcompetition.

问题2选项

A.hisapplicationofscientificmethodstowork

B.hisbook“ThePrinciplesofScientificManagement”

C.hisvariousinnovationsinsteelprocessing

D.Thespreadingofhisscientificmanagementmethod

问题3选项

A.triedtousecomputersinproductionprocesses

B.firstusedcomputersintheareaofcostaccounting

C.wasthefatherofmodemcomputers

D.triedascientificmanagementapproach

问题4选项

A.scientificandhuman

B.efficientbutslave-driving

C.academicbutpracticable

D.brutalbuthighlysuccessful

问题5选项

A.purchasedasteelmill

B.soldasteelmill

C.startedtoprotectenvironment

D.leftahugeschooloffollowers.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段最后一句“Scienceandcompetitionthereforeprovidedthemeansandtheneedtoimproveindustrialefficiency.可知，科学和竞争为工业效率的提高提供了方法和必要性。”而文章第一段主要讲的是科学给工业带来的突破以及竞争的必要性。综合考虑以上内容，要提高生产效率，那么科学和竞争是必需的。因此C项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。通过文章第三段中“...buthisclaimtofameisthroughhisapplicationofmethodsofsciencetomethodsofwork（但使他出名的却是他将科学方法应用到工作之中）”可知，泰勒是以在工作中应用科学的管理方法而闻名于世。因此，正确答案是A项。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段CharlesBabbage...appliedhimselftothecostingofprocesses,usingscientificmethods,andindeedmightwellberecognizedasoneofthefathersofcostaccounting.可知，英国科学家CharlesBabbage在程序成本核算中，成功运用了科学的管理方法，被认为是成本核算之父。因此，正确答案是D项。

4.推理判断题。由文章第四段第一句“Taylor...emphasizingthehumanaspectsofthemethod,overtheslave-drivingmethodscommoninhisday”可知，泰勒强调的是人性化的方法，而非当时常见的奴隶式的方法。动词短语emphasizeAoverB表示“与B相比更强调A”。因此，泰勒强调管理方法的科学性和人性化。本题正确答案为A项。

5.细节事实题。根据原文最后一句Hediedin1915,leavingahugeschooloffollowerstopromotehisapproachworldwide.可知，泰勒于1975年去世，而他的大批追随者则继续在世界各地推广他的方法。因此，D项是正确答案。

2.单选题

Whathesaidinthemeeting（）everybodypresent.

问题1选项

A.repelled

B.dismissed

C.disposed

D.eliminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项repel“抵制，使厌恶”；B选项dismiss“解散，不予考虑”；C选项dispose“处理，处置”；D选项eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：他说的话令在场的所有人厌恶。由选项意思和句意可知，A选项符合句意。

3.单选题

OnourwaytoBeijing,wevisitedXi’an,acityoftwomillion（）,andstayedtherefortwodays.

问题1选项

A.insects

B.human

C.inhabitants

D.flights

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项insect“昆虫，卑鄙的人”；B选项human“人，人类”；C选项inhabitant“居民，居住者”；D选项flight“飞行，班机”。句意：在去北京的途中，我们参观了有200万人口的城市西安，并在那里呆了两天。由选项意思和句意可知，C选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned.Therearecountrieswherethewhitemanimposedhisrulebybruteforce;therearecountrieswheretheblackmanprotestsbysettingfiretocitiesandbylootingandpillaging.Importantpeopleonbothsides,whowouldinotherrespectsappealtobereasonablemen,getupandcalmlyargueinfavorofviolenceasifitwerealegitimatesolution,likeanyother.Whatisreallyfrightening,whatreallyfillsyouwithdespair,istherealizationthatwhenitcomestothecrunch,wehavemadenoactualprogressatall.Wemaywearcollarsandtiesinsteadofwar-paint,butourinstinctsremainbasicallyunchanged.Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing.Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute.Thesheerhorror,thebloodshedandthesufferingmeannothing.Nosolutionevercomestolightthemorningafterthenwedismallycontemplatethesmokingruinsandwonderwhathitus.

Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement.Ifhalftheenergythatgoesintoviolentactswereputtogooduse,ifoureffortsweredirectedatcleaninguptheslumsandghettos,atimprovingliving-standardsandprovidingeducationandemploymentforall,Wewouldnothavegonealongwaytoarrivingatasolution.Ourstrengthissappedbyhavingtomopupthemessthatviolenceleavesinitswake.Inawell-directedeffort,itwouldnotbeimpossibletofulfilltheidealsofastablesocialprogramme.Thebenefitsthatcanbederivedfromconstructivesolutionsareeverywhereapparentintheworldaroundus.Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw.

Beforewecanevenbegintocontemplatepeacefulco-existencebetweentheraces,wemustappreciateeachother’sproblems.Andtodothis,wemustlearnaboutthem:itisasimpleexerciseincommunication,inexchanginginformation.“Talk,talk,talk，’’theadvocatesofviolencesay,“allyoueverdoistalk,andwearenonethewiser.”It’sratherlikethestoryofthefamousbarristerwhopainstakinglyexplainedhiscasetothejudge.Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser.“Possible,mylord,”thebarristerreplied“nonethewiser,butsurelyfarbetterinformed.”Knowledgeisthenecessary,prerequisitetoWisdom:theknowledgethatviolencecreatestheevilsitpretendstosolve.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

2.Recordedhistoryhastaughtus（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredthattrulyreasonablemen

（

）.

4.“Hewasnonethewiser”means

（

）.

5.Accordingtheauthorthebestwaytosolveraceprejudiceis（

）.

问题1选项

A.AdvocatingViolence.

B.ViolenceCanDoNothingtoDiminishRacePrejudice.

C.ImportantPeopleonBothSidesViolenceasaLegitimateSolution.

D.TheInstinctsofHumanRaceAreThirstyforViolence.

问题2选项

A.violenceneversolvesanything

B.nothing

C.thebloodshedmeansnothing

D.everything

问题3选项

A.can’tgetahearing

B.arelookeddownupon

C.arepersecuted

D.havedifficultyinadvocatinglawenforcement

问题4选项

A.hewasnotatallwiseinlistening

B.Hewasnotatallwiserthannothingbefore

C.Hegainsnothingafterlistening

D.Hemakesnosenseoftheargument

问题5选项

A.lawenforcement

B.knowledge

C.nonviolence

D.moppinguptheviolent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章最适合的标题是……”。文章提到有些国家的人倾向于用暴力解决问题，这种行为甚至被认为是理所当然的（Insomecountrieswhereracialprejudiceisacute,violencehascometobetakenforgrantedasameansofsolvingdifferences,thatitisnotevenquestioned），接着又提到暴力解决不了问题，只会让问题更尖锐（Wehavestillnotlearntthatviolenceneversolvesaproblembutmakeitmoreacute），因此，选项B“暴力不能解决任何种族纠纷”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的“有记录的历史教会我们……”。文章第一段提到“人类有记载的那些关于暴力的历史完全没有教我们任何东西”（Thewholeoftherecordedhistoryofthehumanrace,thattediousdocumentationofviolence,hastaughtusabsolutelynothing），因此选项B符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“可以推断真正理智的人……”。文章第二段第一二句提到“真正理智的人会发现自己的方法越来越难以被倾听。他们被自己的同类鄙视，不信任、甚至迫害，因为他们宣扬的是让他人愤怒的事情”（Thetrulyreasonablemenwhoknowwherethesolutionsliearefindingitharderandhardertogetahearing.Theyaredespised,mistrustedandevenpersecutedbytheirownkindbecausetheyadvocatesuchapparentlyoutrageousthingsaslawenforcement），选项D“在支持执法上遇到困难”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“‘Hewasnonethewiser’意味着……”。文章第三段提到“听了一场冗长的辩论后，法官抱怨说，听了这番话，他还是一窍不通”（Afterlisteningtoalengthyargumentthejudgecomplainedthatafterallthistalk,hewasnonethewiser），因此选项C“倾听后他什么都没得到”符合题意。

5.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，消除种族歧视问题的最好办法是……”。文章第二段最后一句话提到“只要我们在法律框架内努力，真正的与长久的解决办法将有可能”（Genuineandlastingsolutionsarealwayspossible,providingweworkwithintheframeworkofthelaw），选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Aspeople’slivingstandardsimprove,thehealthandbeautybusinessis（）withmoresophisticatedproductsthaneverbefore.

问题1选项

A.astonishing

B.flourishing

C.exaggerating

D.diminishing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项astonishing“令人惊讶的”；B选项flourishing“繁荣的，繁茂的”；C选项exaggerating“夸张的，夸大的”；D选项diminishing“逐渐缩小的，递减的”。句意：随着人们生活水平的提高，健康和美容行业正（），产品比以往任何时候都更加精致。这里表达的意思是“美容行业正在繁荣发展”，因此B选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Allworkers,regardlessoftheirsexandeducation,arerequiredto（）attheageof60.

问题1选项

A.resign

B.retire

C.regain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指退休，只有选项B符合要求。

7.单选题

BBC’sCasualtyprogrammeonSaturdayeveninggaveviewersavoteastowhichoftwopatientsshouldbenefitfromadonation.Butitfailedtotellusthatwewouldnotneedtomakesomanylife-and-deathdecisionsifwegottogripwiththechronicorganshortage.

Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety.Onedepressingconsequenceofthisisthatasignificantnumberofthoseonthewaitinglisttakeofftoforeigncountriestopurchaseanorganfromalivingthird-worlddonor,somethingthatisforbiddenintheUnitedKingdom.Thepoorhavenooptionbuttowaitinvain.

TheHumanTissueAuthority’spositionontheretentionofbodypartsformedicalresearchafterapost-mortemexaminationisequallyflawed.Thenewconsentformscouldhavebeendraftedbysomeevilpersonseekingtostopthepreciousflowofhumantissueintothepathologicallaboratory.Theformsaresolengthythatdoctorsrarelyhavetimetocompletethemand,eveniftheytry,thewordingissographicthatrelativestendtolegitbeforesigning.Inconsequence,thenumberofpostmortemshasfallenquickly.

ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoin-fecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics.Takethetimidapproachtoembryonicstemcellresearch.TheUnitedStates,forexample,refusesgovernmentfundingtoscientistswhowishtocarryoutpotentiallyground-breakingresearchonthesurplusembryoscreatedbyIVFtreatment.

Senatorsprofesstobeworriedthatembryonicresearchfailstorespectthedignityof“potentialpersonsn.Rarelycansuchavacuousconcepthavefounditswayintoadebateclaimingtoprovideen-lightenment.Whenisthis“potential”supposedtokickin?Incaseyouwerewondering,thesesup-posedlypreciousembryosareatthesamestageofdevelopmentasthosethatareroutinelyterminatedbythepillwithoutanyonecrying.Thankfully,theBritishGovernmenthasrefusedthepositionofthe

UnitedStatesandoperatesoneofthemostliberalregimesinEurope,inwhichlicenceshavebeena-wardedtoresearcherstocreateembryosformedicalresearch.Itispossiblethat,inyearstocome,scientistswillbeabletogroworgansinthelabandfindcuresforarangeofdebilitatingdiseases.

Thefundamentalproblemwithourapproachtoethicsisourinabilitytoseparateemotionfrompolicy.Theonlyfactorthatshouldenterourmoralandlegaldeliberationsisthatofwelfare,aconceptthatismeaninglesswhenappliedtoentitiesthatlackself-consciousness.Neverforgetthattheresearchthatwearesoreluctanttoconductuponembryosanddeadbodiesisroutinelycarriedoutonliving,pain-sensitiveanimals.

1.Whathascausedthechronicorganshortage?

2.Theexpression“pussyfootingaround”(Line1，Paragraph2)mightmean（）.

3.Themoralshortsightednessisrevealedinthefactthat（）

4.Towhichofthefollowingistheauthormostlikelytoagree?

5.Theauthorismostcriticalof（）

问题1选项

A.Adecreaseindonationrates.

B.Inefficientgovernmentalpolicy.

C.Illegaltradeinhumanorgans.

D.Newsmedia’sindifference.

问题2选项

A.unfair

B.hesitant

C.secret

D.strict

问题3选项

A.thegovernmenthasstoppedtheexperimentonhumantissue

B.thedonationconsentformsaredifficulttounderstand

C.theHumanTissueActisallobstacletoimportantmedicalresearch

D.embryonicresearchshowsdisregardforhumanlife

问题4选项

A.Therichandthepoorareequalinthefaceofdeath.

B.Morescientistsareneededforthemedicaladvancement.

C.Thereisadoublestandardinmedicalethics.

D.Thedeaddeservethesameattentionastheliving.

问题5选项

A.themedia

B.doctors

C.U.S.Legislators

D.theBritishgovernment

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.细节题。第二段指出：Beingpussyfootingaroundinitsapproachtodeadbodies,theGovernmentisgivingakickingtosomeofthemostvulnerableinoursociety。因此政府行为加剧了可移植器官的短缺。B项（政府政策的不作为）正确。

2.语义题。根据题干定位至第二段第一行，该处讲到“政府对待尸体问题……，给我们社会中最弱势的群体一个打击（givingakickingto）”，后面句子又讲到“它造成的一个令人沮丧（depressing）的后果是等待名单上很大一部分人飞到国外从第三世界捐赠者那里购买活体器官，而这在英国是被禁止的”。由此可知，“pussyfootingaround”在这里应该表示的是“谨慎的，顾虑重重的”。因此，B项“hesitant（犹豫的；踌躇的）”正确。

3.细节题。根据题干关键词“moralshortsightedness”定位至第四段：ThewiderworryisthatthemoralshortsightednessevidentintheHumanTissueActseemstoinfecteveryfacetofthecontemporarydebateonmedicalethics（更令人担忧的是，《人体组织法案》中明显的道德短视似乎影响了当代医学伦理学辩论的各个方面）。因此，C项（《人体组织法案》是重要医学研究的障碍）正确。

4.态度题。A项（死亡面前人人平等），B项（更多的科学家需要医学进步），C项（医学伦理学有双重标准），D项（死者应该与生者获得同等关注）。第一段反驳了A项；B选项偷换概念，排除；D项文章没有体现。因此选项C正确。

4.态度题。作者是对政府政策持批判态度的。因此，C项（美国立法者）正确。

8.单选题

6.

问题1选项

A.Hehurthisuncle.

B.Hehurthisankle.

C.Hehasaswollentoe.

D.Heneedsaminorsurgery.

【答案】B

【解析】W:Whereisyourinjury?

M:Here,myankle.

W:Howdidithappen?

M:Itrippedoveronthepavementandtwistedit.Itwasswollenandverypainful.

Q:Whatistrueabouttheman?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Here,myankle，即他伤到了脚踝。

9.单选题

Thedecreaseofhisfeverwasabenignsign.

问题1选项

A.unfavorable

B.favorable

C.harsh

D.unharsh

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unfavorable“不宜的，令人不快的”，B项favorable“有利的，良好的”，C项harsh“严厉的，严酷的”，D项unharsh“不苛刻的”。句意：他退烧了是一个好兆头。根据句意可知，benign在句中表示“好的”。因此，该题选择B项。

10.单选题

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

问题1选项

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adaptable“适合的，可修改的”；B选项applicable“可应用的，合适的”；C选项crucial“重要的”；D选项cryst“结晶的”。句意：国会意识到，为改善教育和职业培训提供更多资金对提高竞争力至关重要。本句表示“提供资金给教育和职业培训对竞争力的作用”，经济基础决定上层建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C选项crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C选项正确。

11.单选题

LeaksfromEdwardSnowden,asystem’sadministratorturnedwhistleblowerattheNationalSecurityAgency(NSA),America’ssignals-intelligenceagency,haveconfirmedthattheInternetisinsecure,andthatmodernspyagenciescan—anddo,onanindustrialscale—tapvirtuallyanyformofonlinecommunication.ButperhapsthemostacuteembarrassmentsofarhasbeencausedbytherevelationthattheNSAmayhavebeenlisteningtophonecallsmadebytheleadersofAmerica’sallies,mostnotablythoseoftheGermanchancellor,AngelaMerkel.Buthowexactlyisitdone?

Amobilephoneisessentiallyatelephonewitharadioattached.Anyonecanlisteninontheradiowavestravellingbetweenahandsetandthebasestationtowhichitisconnected.Topreventcasualeavesdropping,phonesoften(althoughnotalways)useencryption,whichdisarrangesthedatasothatonlytheintendedrecipientcanmakesenseofit.Butnotallencryptioniscreatedequal.Theencryptionusedinsecond-generation(2G)phones—atechnologythatdatesbackto1991一isweak,andreadilycrackedbymoderncomputers.The3Gstandardincludesstrongerdisarranging,althoughitisstillnotperfect.4G,theneweststandard,currentlybeingusedaroundtheworld,likewiseoffersmorecompetentencryption—althoughdocumentsleakedbyEdwardSnowdensuggestthatthespiesarepressuringmanufacturerstoputsecret“backdoors”intotheirproducts.

Butgettinginvolvedincryptographyisn’talwaysnecessary.Spyagenciescanobtaindetailsfromtelephonecompanies,eitherbyaskingthemtocooperateorforcingthemto.Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.Atahackerconferencein2010,asecurityresearchercalledChrisPagetgaveadetaileddemonstrationofhowthisworks,usinglessthan$2,000ofoff-the-shelfequipment(afakebase-stationcaninstructphonesthatconnecttoittodoallsortsofthings,suchasturnofftheirencryption).Policeforcesaroundtheworlduseasimilargeartosilentlylisteninoncallsmadebytheirtargets.ArecentbookdescribeshowtheFBIhasquietlyremovedseveralsuchfakebase-stations-runbyforeignembassies—fromaroundWashington,D.C.

Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.Modernsmartphonesaregeneral-purposecomputers.Usersstoree-mailsonthem,fixtheirpositionwithsatellitenavigationsystems,andevenusethemforbanking,makingthemveryjuicytargetsindeed.Evenifthephonesthemselvesaresecure,itisfarfromclearhowsecurethebehind-the-scenesserversrunbyGoogleandApple,whichcontroltheAndroidandiOSplatformsrespectively,reallyare.Forthenon-spies,therearecheaper,simpleroptionsthatoftenwork,too.ThisweekseveraljournalistsinBritainarestandingtrialforhackingthevoicemailmessagesofeveryonefromservingpoliticianstomurderedschoolchildren.Theirmethodswerelow-techbuteffective:theysmooth-talkedemployeesofmobile-phonecompaniesintohandingoverthefour-digitpasscodesthatprotecttheircustomers’voicemailaccounts.Orelsetheysimplyguessedthem,bettingthatthephoneownerseitherhadn’tchangedthemfromdefaultsettingsorhadchoseneasy-to-rememberones,suchas1—2—3—4.WhethertheNSAusedlow-orhigh-techmethodstotapMrs.Merkel’sphoneremainsamystery—fornow,atleast.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?

2.Howcanencryptionpreventcasualeavesdropping?

3.Accordingtothecontexttheword“impersonate”(Para.3)mightmean“（

）”.

4.Whatisthelastparagraphabout?

问题1选项

A.TorevealhowAngelaMerkelistapped.

B.TonarratethestoryofleaksfromEdwardSnowden.

C.Toexplainhowphonescanbebugged.

D.Toshowtheadvancementofhightechnology.

问题2选项

A.Bystoppingtheusualradiowaves.

B.Bydisconnectingatelephonetoaradio.

C.Bymakingtheinformationincomprehensible.

D.Bycreatingequalcodepages.

问题3选项

A.empower

B.design

C.personify

D.copy

问题4选项

A.Otherillegalmeanstoobtainpersonalinformation.

B.Processofsnatchingtextmessages.

C.ThetrialofseveralBritishjournalists.

D.Adviceofhowtousesmartphonesinproperways.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】第1题:1.结合文章内容可知,文章由第一段爱德华•斯诺登泄密的故事引出手机窃听,主要目的是为了说明手机是如何被窃听的,所以选项C正确。

2.根据第二段第三句“Topreventcasualeavesdropping,...recipientcanmakesenseofit.”为了防止偶然的窃听,手机经常(虽然并不总是如此)使用加密技术,加密技术会打乱数据的排列,只有目标接收者才能理解这些数据。也就是说,使信息无法被旁人所理解,选项C符合原文。

3.根据第三段第三句“Anotheroptionistoimpersonatethemobilenetworkitself,bysettingupafakebase-stationandpersuadingthetarget’sphonetoconnecttoit.”另一种选择是模拟移动网络本身,建立一个假的基站,并说服目标的手机连接到它。根据“fakebase-station”可以推测,impersonate表示模拟的意思,选项中D带入原文最接近文意,所以正确。

4.根据最后一段的第一句“Norisitjustcalls.Textmessagescanalsobesnatched.”不只是电话,短信也可以被窃取。选项B符合原文。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

12.单选题

Seniorcitizens,especiallythoseabove70,are____tosomeprivilegesinmanycountries.

问题1选项

A.enforced

B.engaged

C.enabled

D.entitled

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.enforced强制执行B.engaged从事；忙于

C.enabled使能够D.entitled使享有权利

【考查点】动词辨析

【解题思路】空格处填入的是动词，与其搭配的介词为to，其宾语为privileges“特权”，D选项entitled“使享有权利”能够满足语义搭配要求，且常搭配的介词为to，beentitledtosth“被赋予某种权利或享有某种资格”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项enforced“（enforcesthon/againstsb/sth）强制执行”，与“特权”及介词to不搭配；

B选项engaged“（beengagedin/onsth）从事；忙于”，与“特权”及介词to不搭配；

C选项enabled“使能够”，与“特权”不搭配，语义不完整。

【句意】在许多国家，老年人，尤其是70岁以上的老年人享有一些特权。

13.单选题

Elaine,Justin’smom,hadsetdownthehouseruleswithself-confidentassurance.Onlythemostobtusepersonwouldhavefailedtounderstand:notattoos,nobodypiercingsandnoco-edsleepoverswhilelivinginthehouseofElaineTuckerBrown.Still,thedayJustinturned18,heliedtohismotheraboutwherehewasgoingandheadedstraighttothetattooparlor,asifimpervioustohismother’swrath.Hegotalightblueheart,thesizeofanorangepermanentlyetchedonhisarm.Abovethisworkofartwastheword“Blessed”.No,Justinwasnotstupid,buthewasobstinate.Elainesawthisasanactofsheerdefiance.Shewasincensed,herangerexacerbatedbythefactthatJustinhadbreezedintothehouse,foundherinthekitchen,takenoffhisshirtwithasmileandsaid,“Gotit!”“No,Justin.Letmetellwhatyou'vegot,”Elainesaidangrily.“You'vegotfiveminutestogoupstairsandpackabag.IamtakingyoutoPop-Pop's.”TheridetoPop-Pop’shousewaschilly,tosaytheleast.ElaineberatedJustinforeverythingshecouldthinkof,whichwasn’tmuchbecausehewasastraightAseniorwithafullacademicscholarshiptohistopcollegepick.Hehadakindheartandstartedafoundationintheninthgrade,whichdonatedusedsportingequipmenttounderprivilegedkidsinSouthAfrica.Elainepulleduptoherfather’sdoorandorderedJustinout.Not10minuteslater,hercellphonerang.“Elaine,haveyoulostit?Youarekickingaboyasgoodashimoutthehouseforatattoo-thatsays‘Blessed’,noless?”herfatherasked,incredulous.“Youwillmisshimsomuch.Don’tcutoffyournosetospiteface,Elaine.Comepickthisyoungmanup.”Elaine,havinggrownupobeyingmostofherparents’demands,turnedhercararoundandwentbacktopickupherson.Justinwassurprisinglycontrite.“Sorryforbeingsodisrespectful,Mom,”hesaidearnestly.“Iwilltrytofollowhouserulesfromnowon.”

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?

问题1选项

A.“HouseRules”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”

C.“StraightA’s”

D.“BodyPiercings”

问题2选项

A.cautiouslyjubilant

B.willfullydefiant

C.convincinglycontrite

D.noticeablymelodramatic

问题3选项

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.

问题4选项

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.【选项释义】

1.Whattitlewouldbestfitthispassage?1.什么标题最适合这篇文章？

A.“HouseRules”A.“家规”

B.“VisitingPop-Pop”B.“拜访爷爷”

C.“StraightA’s”C.“优等生”

D.“BodyPiercings”D.“身体穿刺”

【考查点】主旨大意题。

【解题思路】根据文章首尾两句“贾斯汀的妈妈伊莱恩自信满满地定下了家里的规矩”，以及“从现在开始，我会尽量遵守家里的规矩”，可以知道，首尾两句都提到了houserules（家规）这个词语，可见本文主要是围绕家规展开的。故该题选择A项正确。

【干扰项排除】B项“‘拜访爷爷’”、C项“‘优等生’”和D项“‘身体穿刺’”都是文中的细节，不是主旨，属于以偏概全。

第2题:2.【选项释义】

2.WhatwasJustin’sattitudewhenheshowedhismotherthetattoo?2.当贾斯汀给他妈妈看纹身时，他是什么态度？

A.cautiouslyjubilantA.谨慎地高兴

B.willfullydefiantB.故意挑衅

C.convincinglycontriteC.令人信服地忏悔

D.noticeablymelodramaticD.引人注目地夸张

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位至文章第六、七、八句“不，贾斯汀不笨，但他很固执（obstinate）。伊莱恩认为这是公然的挑衅（anactofsheerdefiance）。她被激怒了，贾斯汀轻快地走进房子（Justinhadbreezedintothehouse），发现她在厨房里，他脱下了衬衫，微笑着（withasmile）说，‘知道了！’”，由Justinhadbreezedintothehouse（贾斯汀轻快地走进房子）和withasmile（带着微笑）可以看出，贾斯汀的态度是任性固执又带有挑衅的，B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A项“谨慎地高兴”和D项“引人注目地夸张”根据解题思路可知，该两项不符合原文，属于曲解原文；

C项“令人信服地忏悔”，是贾斯汀去了爷爷家之后的态度，不复合题干，属于张冠李戴。

第3题:3.【选项释义】

3.WhichofthefollowingdetailsdoesnotmakethereadersympathetictoJustin?3.以下哪一个细节不能让读者同情贾斯汀？

A.Heisdescribedasobstinate.A.他被描述为固执。

B.Heisportrayedaskind-hearted.B.他被描绘成一个善良的人。

C.HeisdescribedasastraightAstudent.C.他被描述成一个优等生。

D.Heisdescribedasreceivingafullscholarshiptocollege.D.他获得了大学全额奖学金。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据原文可知，贾斯汀是一个心地善良的人，每门学科都拿A，获得了全额奖学金，这些都是他的优点，能够引起读者的同情，但他固执这一点，无法引起读者的同情，所以本题选A项“他被描述为固执”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】B项“他被描绘成一个善良的人”、C项“他被描述成一个优等生”和D项“他获得了大学全额奖学金”，根据解题思路可知，这三项都是让读者同情的地方，属于反向干扰。

第4题:4.【选项释义】

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebestinterpretationoftheunderlinedidiomintheparagraph?4.下面哪一项是对段落中划线习语的最佳诠释？

A.Callingsomethingbadthatisnot.A.说一些并不坏的事情。

B.Tryingtoteachsomethingtoodifficult.B.试图教一些太难的东西。

C.Lovingapersonlessforwhathehasdone.C.爱一个人不是因为他所做的事。

D.Pursuingrevengeandhurtingyourselfintheprocess.D.在报复的过程中伤害了自己。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位到划线句子所在处，即文章倒数第五句“不要割下自己的鼻子来和脸过不去（Don’tcutoffyour