考研考博-英语-北京电子科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京电子科技职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.案例题

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(财政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。

2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，选项B符合原文。

3.根据第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以当地低技能工人受移民影响最大的原因是他们很难找到一份收入体面的工作。

4.

根据第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他们最担心的是移民带来的财政负担。选项D符合原文。

5.

根据最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有讽刺意味的是，外界所有过度兴奋的辩论，对移民的影响却微乎其微。选项C人们对某些影响很小的事情其实有些小题大做了，符合原文。

2.单选题

Eventhoughhewasguilty,the（

）judgedidnotsendhimtoprison.

问题1选项

A.merciful

B.impartial

C.conscientious

D.conspicuous

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。merciful意为“仁慈的，宽恕的，温和的”；impartial意为“公正的，不偏不倚的”；conscientious意为“一丝不苟的，认真的”；conspicuous意为“明显的”。由前面eventhough（即使，纵然）引导的让步状语从句中的guilty和主句中的didnotsendhimtoprison表示thejudge是仁慈的，因此选A。

句意：即使他有罪，仁慈的法官也没有把他送进监狱。

3.单选题

Asthepainteris（）topollens,heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields.

问题1选项

A.nostalgic

B.insolent

C.acute

D.allergic

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项nostalgic“怀旧的，乡愁的”；B选项insolent“无礼的，傲慢的”；C选项acute“急性的，敏锐的”；D选项allergic“对……过敏的，对……极讨厌的”。句意：因为这个画家对花粉……，他很遗憾要失去野外写生的机会。由后面句子heregretsalotforlosingthechanceofdrawingthebeautyofspringinthefields（他很遗憾要……）可知D选项allergic“对……过敏的”（画家对花粉过敏）与前后意思对应。因此D选项符合句意。

4.单选题

Scientistsmaintainthatfeathersinitiallydevelopedfrominsectscales.

问题1选项

A.surprisingly

B.originally

C.self-evidently

D.mostly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词辨析。initially表示“最初地”；A项surprisingly“惊人地，出人意料地”，B项originally“最初”，C项self-evidently“不言而喻地”，D项mostly“主要地，多半地”。句意：科学家们认为，羽毛最初是由昆虫的鳞片进化而来的。根据句意可知，该题选择B项正确。

5.单选题

Becauseofadverseweatherconditions,thetravelersstoppedtocamp.

问题1选项

A.local

B.unfamiliar

C.good

D.unfavorable

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。adverse“不利的；相反的；敌对的”；A选项“local当地的；局部的；地方性的”；B选项unfamiliar“不熟悉的；不常见的”；C选项good“好的；优良的；愉快的”；D选项unfavorable“不利的；令人不快的；不顺利的”。句意：由于天气条件恶劣，旅行者们停下来露营。根据句中“thetravelersstoppedtocamp这些旅客停下了去扎营”可知adverse在这里的意思为“不利的”，因此D选项正确。

6.单选题

Writtenprimarilyforaspecializedbutdiversebodyofscholars,thisbook（

）theattentionofthoseinterestedinseventeenth-centuryEnglishliterature.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.proposes

C.acclaims

D.distills

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。warrant“保证；担保”；propose“建议，打算”；acclaim“称赞”；distill“提取”。句意：这本书主要是为一群专业且各路学者而写，所以，它一定会引起那些对17世纪文学感兴趣的人的注意。选项A符合题意。

7.单选题

Airbnbannouncedthatit’sgoingafterthemajorhotelchains—whichatfirstsoundedkindofcute,likeaprecociousLittleLeaguepitchersayinghe’sgoingtostrikeoutMiguelCabrera.

ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco,Ithoughttheinvestorswhohavepumped$326millionintothecompanymightnotbetoodim.Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondonwithfiveotherpeopleatTheImperialFleapit.

Infact,Airbnbislookinglikeaproofpointofatrendthathasbeengettingalotofattentionlately.ComerefertoitastheDIYfordoityourself-movement.VenturecapitalistHemantTaneja,lookingatitformadifferentangle,callsit“unsealing.”Cheskyusestheterm“decentralizedproduction.”MarcAndreessenhitontheconceptinamanifestoentitled“WhySoftwareIsEatingtheWorld.”

Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction.We’reinsteadmovingtowardaworldofmassivenumbersofsmall-producersofferinguniquestuff—andofconsumerswhorejectmass-producedstuff.TheInternet,software,3Dprinting,socialnetworks,cloudcomputingandothertechnologiesaremakingthiseconomicallyfeasible—infactdesirable.

ThehotelindustryandthewayAirbnbthinksaboutit—isanexampleofhowthatisplayingout.ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.

Inthemiddleoflastcenturycarsandhighwaysmadetheworldfarmoremobile.Manymorepeopletraveledtotownstheydidn’tknowandtheyneededplacestosleep.Theyhadnowaytoknowwhichhotelorboardinghousemightbeniceorofferamenitiestheywanted.Travelguides,likeMobil’spoppedupinthe1950s,butforthemostpartinformationremainedscarce.

Still,theunderlyingstoryofAirbnb,informationandthemajorhotelswillgetreplayedinlotsofindustriesinthenextfewyears:Massproductionandsamenessmeansafetywheninformation,intimacyandtrustdon’texist.AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.

41.Accordingtothepassage,Airbnbisahotelthatmightbe______.

42.Accordingtothepassage,thefutureofmassproductionwillbe______.

43.Accordingtothepassage,hotelchainswere______.

44.Accordingtothepassage,theadvantageofuniformityatscale______.

45.Whichofthefollowingmightbethetitleofthepassage?

问题1选项

A.famous

B.unique

C.funky

D.luxurious

问题2选项

A.feasible

B.desirable

C.economic

D.dim

问题3选项

A.theresultofscarceinformation

B.theresultofinternetage

C.exposedtotheconsumers

D.theexampleofAirbnb

问题4选项

A.willcreatealotofindustries

B.willdecreasecostandemploymore

C.willbestrengthenedbyintimacy

D.willbeweakenedbyinformation

问题5选项

A.TheStylesofHotels.

B.TheChoiceofConsumers.

C.TheEndofMassProduction.

D.TheImportanceofinformation.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“Airbnb是一个什么样的酒店？”。Famous“著名的”，unique“独特的”，funky“时髦的”，luxurious“奢侈的”；文章讲的是Airbnb宣布要赶超主流的连锁酒店，通篇并没有提及到它很著名或者独特的地方，所以A、B项错误；第二段第二句话提到Airbnbisbecomingmuchmorethanawaytospend$26anighttosleepinLondon…（Airbnb酒店正变得不仅仅是一种在伦敦每晚花26美元与其他几个人一起过夜的方式），由此可以看出Airbnb并非奢侈，D项错误；而第二段第一句话提到ButwhenCEOBrianCheskylaidouthisthinkingformewhilesittingonabarrelinAirbnb’snew,funkyheadquartersinSanFrancisco（但当首席执行官BrianChesky坐在位于旧金山的新和时髦的Airbnb总部的木桶上向我阐述他的想法时），由此可知Airbnb总部是newandfunky，因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“未来大规模生产将会……？”。Feasible“可行的”，desirable“令人满意的”，economic“经济的”，dim“暗淡的”；第四段提到Itallpointstothesameidea:Informationtechnologyiserodingthepoweroflarge-scalemassproduction…（所有这些都指向同一个观点：信息技术正在侵蚀大规模生产的力量。相反，我们正在走向一个由大量提供独特产品的小生产商和拒绝大量生产产品的消费者组成的世界。互联网、软件、3D打印、社交网络、云计算和其他技术正在使其在经济上可行——实际上是可取的），由此可以推断出，批量生产的未来是暗淡的，信息技术会逐渐侵蚀大规模生产，因此该题选D正确。

43.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干的意思是“连锁酒店是……？”。由第五段第二句ThereisafundamentaltruthaboutbighotelchainsthatisonlynowbeingexposedintheInternetage:Hotelchainsgrewoutofalackofinformation.（关于大型连锁酒店，有一个基本事实，而这个事实只有在互联网时代才得以暴露，那就是：连锁酒店产生于信息匮乏），可知连锁酒店是信息缺乏的结果，所以A选项正确。

44.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干的意思是“规模一致性的优势会……？”。末段最后一句AsinformationdeliveredgloballyandcheaplyovertheInternet,bringsbackintimacyandtrust,theadvantageofuniformityatscaleslipsaway.（随着信息通过互联网在全球范围内以低廉的价格传递，人们会重新获得隐私感和信任，规模一致的优势就会消失），由此可知规模一致的优势将会被信息削弱，所以D选项“被信息削弱”符合。A选项“创造许多工厂”、B选项“减少成本雇佣更多的员工”、C选项“通过隐私获得加强”都不是规模一致性优势的结果。因此D项正确。

45.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“下面选项中最适合的标题是什么？”。通篇文章是通过谈论网络信息时代和连锁酒店的发展，论述了批量生产的未来的暗淡。A选项“酒店风格”，全文并没有就酒店的风格进行讨论；B选项“消费者的选择”，文中只是提及了我们会走向这样一个世界，消费者会拒绝批量大规模生产的商品，全篇没有就这事论述；D选项“信息的重要性”，文章围绕信息和连锁酒店来对比，体现了在未来人们会更加依赖于网络信息，但是文章主旨还是阐述未来大批量生产行业的暗淡，所以C选项最符合。

8.单选题

Thehotelcouldnot（）apartyofthirtybecausealmostallitsroomswerebooked.

问题1选项

A.contemplate

B.compensate

C.accommodate

D.articulate

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。contemplate“沉思，注视”；compensate“补偿”；accommodate“容纳，使适应”；articulate“清晰表达，使相互连贯”。句意：这家旅馆不能容纳30人，因为几乎所有的房间都订满了。选项C符合题意。

9.单选题

Theoriginalelectionsweredeclared（

）bytheformermilitaryruler.

问题1选项

A.void

B.vulgar

C.surplus

D.extravagant

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。void意为“无效的，空的”；vulgar意为“庸俗的，粗俗的，粗野的”；surplus意为“过剩的”；extravagant意为“奢侈的，挥霍的，过分的”。

句意：最初的选举被先前军事统治统治者宣布无效。

10.单选题

Iamnotcertain（）totake.

问题1选项

A.inrespecttowhichcourses

B.aboutwhichcourses

C.astothechoiceofwhichcourses

D.forwhichcoursesIam

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。becertainabout“对……有把握；确信”。句意：我不确定该选哪些课程。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Paroleisusuallygrantedtoprisonersasarewardforgoodconduct.

问题1选项

A.paidto

B.ignoredby

C.givento

D.requestedby

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。grantto表示“授予，允许”；A项payto“付款给”，B项ignoreby“忽视，驳回诉讼”，C项giveto“给予，提供”，D项requestby“请求，需要”。句意：假释通常作为奖励给予表现良好的囚犯。根据句意该题选C。

12.单选题

Environmentalistsaredoingeverythingwithintheirpowerto（）theimpactoftheoilspill.

问题1选项

A.reject

B.belittle

C.minimize

D.reclaim

【答案】C

【解析】Normal07.8磅02falsefalsefalseEN-USZH-CNX-NONE

动词词义辨析。reject“拒绝”；belittle“轻视，贬低”；minimize“最小化”；reclaim“开拓，回收利用”。句意：环保人士正在尽其所能将石油泄漏的影响降到最低。选项C符合题意。

13.不定项选择题

Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name.Howcouldshenotknowyou?Diditmeanshelovedyouless?

Probablynot.Accordingtothefirstresearchtotacklethistopichead-on,misnamingthemostfamiliarpeopleinourlifeisacommoncognitive(认知的)errorthathastodowithhowourmemoriesclassifyandstorefamiliarnames.

Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.Thestudydidnotexaminethepossibilityofdeeppsychologicalsignificancetothemistake,sayspsychologistDavidRubin,“butitdoestelluswho’sinandwho’soutofthegroup.”

Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.

Theresearchersconductedfiveseparatesurveysofmorethan1,700people.Someofthesurveysincludedonlycollegestudents;othersweredonewithamixed-agepopulation.Someaskedsubjectsaboutincidentswheresomeoneclosetothem—familyorfriend—hadcalledthembyanotherperson’sname.Theothersurveysaskedabouttimeswhensubjectshadthemselvescalledsomeoneclosetothembythewrongname.Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.

Ingeneral,thestudyfoundthatundergraduateswerealmostaslikelyasoldpeopletomakethismistakeandmenaslikelyaswomen.Olderpeopleandwomenmadethemistakeslightlymoreoften,butthatmaybebecausegrandparentshavemoregrandchildrentomixupthanparentshavechildren.Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.

1.Howmightpeopleoftenfeelwhentheyweremisnamed?

2.WhatdidDavidRubin’sresearchfindaboutmisnaming?

3.Whatismostlikelythecauseofmisnaming?

4.Whatdidthesurveysofmorethan1,700subjectsfindaboutmisnaming?

5.Whydomothersmisnametheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers?

问题1选项

A.Unwanted.

B.Unhappy.

C.Confused.

D.Indifferent.

问题2选项

A.Itisrelatedtothewayourmemorieswork.

B.Itisapossibleindicatorofafaultymemory.

C.Itoccursmostlybetweenkidsandtheirfriends.

D.Itoftencausesmisunderstandingsamongpeople.

问题3选项

A.Similarpersonalitytraits.

B.Similarspellingsofnames.

C.Similarphysicalappearance.

D.Similarpronunciationofnames.

问题4选项

A.Itmoreoftenthannothurtsrelationships.

B.Ithardlyoccursacrossgenderboundaries.

C.Itismostfrequentlyfoundinextendedfamilies.

D.Itmostoftenoccurswithinarelationshipgroup.

问题5选项

A.Theysuffermorefrustrations.

B.Theybecomewornoutmoreoften.

C.Theycommunicatemorewiththeirchildren.

D.Theygenerallytakeonmoreworkathome.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题干意思是“当人们的名字被叫错时，他们会有什么感觉？”。根据第一段第一句Ifyouwerelikemostchildren,youprobablygotupsetwhenyourmothercalledyoubyasibling’sname.（如果你和大多数孩子一样，当你的母亲用兄弟姐妹的名字叫你时，你可能会感到沮丧）可知，当人们的名字被叫错时，他们会感到沮丧；所以B项“不开心”正确。A项“不受欢迎的”、C项“困惑”和D项“冷漠”都不准确。因此，该题选择B项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。题干意思是“关于误称，大卫鲁宾的研究有何发现？”。根据第三段Thestudy,publishedonlineinAprilinthejournalMemoryandCognition,foundthatthe“wrong”nameisnotrandombutisinvariablyfishedoutfromthesamerelationshippond:children,siblings,friends.（这项4月份在线发表在《记忆与认知》杂志上的研究发现，“错误”的名字并非随机产生的，而是来自于同一个关系池：孩子、兄弟姐妹、朋友）可知，叫错名字通常发生在姊妹和朋友之间，所以C项“它主要发生在孩子和他们的朋友之间”正确。A项“这与我们的记忆工作方式有关”这不属于大卫鲁宾的研究的发现；B项“它可能是一个内存故障的指示器”没有提到；D项“它经常引起人们之间的误解”这不是研究的发现。因此，该题选择C项正确。

第3题:细节事实题。题干意思是“最可能导致误称的原因是什么？”。根据第四段Thestudyalsofoundthatwithinthatgroup,misnamingsoccurredwherethenamessharedinitialorinternalsounds,likeJimmyandJoanieorJohnandBob.Physicalresemblancebetweenpeoplewasnotafactor.Norwasgender.（研究还发现，在这组人中，如果名字的首字母或内部发音相同，就会出现误称，比如吉米和琼妮或约翰和鲍勃；人与人之间的外貌相似不是一个因素，性别也不是）可知D项“名字发音相似”正确；C项“相似的外貌”错误；A项“相似的性格特征”文中没有提到；B项“名字的相似拼写”，文中只是提到相同的首字母，不代表名字相似。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第4题:细节事实题。题干意思是“对1700多名受试者的调查发现了什么？”。根据题干定位到文章第五段，最后一句指出Allthesurveysfoundthatpeoplemixedupnameswithinrelationshipgroupssuchasgrandchildren,friendsandsiblingsbuthardlyevercrossedtheseboundaries.（所有的调查都发现，人们混淆了关系群体中的名字，比如孙辈、朋友和兄弟姐妹，但很少跨越这些界限），可知这个调查发现人们会出现误称大多都是混淆了关系群体中的名字，所以D项“它最经常发生在一个关系组”正确。A项“它往往会伤害人际关系”，表述与原文完全不符；B项“它几乎不会跨越性别界限”，文章提到的是很少跨越关系群体这个界限，B项表述不准确；C项“它在大家庭中最常见”，表述比较片面，关系群体包括孙辈、朋友和兄弟姐妹等。因此，该题选择D项正确。

第5题:细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么母亲比父亲更经常给孩子叫错名字？”。根据文章倒数第二句Also,mothersmaycallontheirchildrenmoreoftenthanfathers,giventraditionalgendernorms.（此外，由于传统的性别规范，母亲可能比父亲更经常与孩子交流）可知，C项“与孩子交流更多”正确。最后一句提到Therewasnoevidencethaterrorsoccurredmorewhenthemisnamerwasfrustrated,tiredorangry.（没有证据表明，误称者在沮丧、疲惫或生气时更容易出错）可知，误称名字和沮丧、疲惫或生气没什么关系，所以A项“她们遭受更多的挫折”、B项“她们更容易疲惫”和D项“她们通常在家里承担更多的工作”均不符合题意。因此，该题选择C项正确。

14.单选题

Inrecentyears,wehaveallwatchedtheincreasingcommercializationofthecampus.Thenumerousadvertisingpostersandthegoldenarchesoffastfoodoutletsmaybeaninsulttoouraestheticsensibilities,buttheyare,arguably,noworsethanugly.Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however:constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrespect.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”arethepotentialmenace.

Whatdothesenotionsmean?Tome,theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionsforoperatingtheuniversity;anincreasedamountofourresourcesbeingdirectedtoappliedorso-calledpracticalsubjects,bothinteachingandinresearch;aproprietary(所有权)treatmentofresearchresults,withthecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge,andanattempttoruntheuniversitymorelikeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.Wepayincreasingattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofour“customers”and,astheoldsayinggoes,“thecustomerisalwaysright”.

Privatizationisparticularlyfrighteningfromthepointofviewofpublicwell-being.Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithamedicine-makingcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.Herdismissalcausedascandal,andshewassubsequentlyrestoredtoherpreviousposition.Theuniversityandhospitalinquestionarenowworkingoutsomethingsimilartotenure(终身任职)forhospital-basedresearchersandguidelinesforcontracts,sothatmorepublicexposureofprivatelyfundedresearchwillbecomepossible.Thisisararevictoryandasmallstepin“therightdirection”,butthegeneraltrendistheotherway.Thankstoprofit-drivenprivatefundingresearchersarenotonlyforcedtokeepvaluableinformationsecret,theyareoftencontractuallyobligedtokeepdiscovereddangerstopublichealthunderwraps,too.Ofcourse,wemustnot,betoonaiveaboutthis.Governmentscanunwiselyinsistonsecrecy,too,asdidtheBritishMinistryofAgriculture,Fisheries,andFoodintheworktheyfundedinconnectionwiththebovinespongiformencephalopathy(牛海绵状脑病)epidemic.Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwecanlearnthatthecampuslifehasbecome（）.

2.“Privatization”andthe“businessmodel”inthispassagemostprobablymean（）.

3.Theauthorbelievesthatweshouldpay（）.

4.Theresearchermentionedinthethirdparagraphwasfiredbecause（）.

5.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.moreconvenient

B.ratherugly

C.somewhatharmful

D.nomoreaestheticthanbefore

问题2选项

A.potentialmenacetolife

B.newfeaturesofcampuslife

C.newtrendoncampus

D.dependenceonindustryandcharities

问题3选项

A.littleattentiontoappliedsubjects

B.dueattentiontothepublicinterestinfree,sharedknowledge

C.moreattentiontotheimmediateneedsanddemandsofourcustomers

D.considerableattentiontothecommercialinterestinthesecrecyofresearchresults

问题4选项

A.sheworkedfortherivalofthecompany

B.shefailedtokeepherresearchresultssecret

C.shewasobligedtokeepherdiscoveriessecret

D.shewascommittedtoacontractwithacompany

问题5选项

A.thegeneralpublicistoonaivetoacceptthe“privatization”

B.thenotionthat“thecustomerisalwaysright”isoutofdate

C.itisageneraltrendthattherewillbemorepublicdisclosureofprivatelyfundedresearch

D.thebovinespongiformencephalopathyepidemicinBritainwasmoreseriousthanwhatwasdisclosed

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段，“Someoftheothernewfeaturesofcommercializedcampuslifedo,however:constituteaseriousthreattothingswerightlyrespect.”，可知商业化校园生活的其他一些新特点确实对我们理应尊重的事物构成了严重威胁。可判断出校园生活已经变得具有危害性。选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第一句，“Whatdothesenotionsmean?”，可知文章接下来会解释Privatization和businessmodel的意义。又根据下文，“theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionsforoperatingtheuniversity”，可知这些措施包括增加对工业和慈善事业的依赖，以经营大学。可判断出Privatization“私有化”和businessmodel“商业模式”在文章中是指对工业和慈善机构的依赖。选项D符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“theyinvolveanincreaseddependenceonindustryandcharitableactionswiththecommercialinterestinsecrecyoverridingthepublic’sinterestinfree,sharedknowledge...likeabusinessthattreatsindustryandstudentsasclientsandourselvesasserviceproviderswithsomethingtosell.”，可知作者对于校园生活的商业化持消极态度，批判了学校商业化的现象。可判断出作者认为我们应该关注公众的利益能够免费地共享知识和信息。选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据文章第三段，“Aresearcheremployedbyauniversity-affiliatedhospitalinCanada,workingundercontractwithamedicine-makingcompany,madepublicherfindingsthataparticulardrugwasharmful.Thisviolatedthetermsofhercontract,andsoshewasfired.”，可知加拿大一所大学附属医院的一名研究人员与一家制药公司签订了合同，她公开了自己的发现，即一种特定的药物是有害的。这违反了她的合同条款，所以她被解雇了。可判断出这位研究员被解雇的原因在于没有将她的研究结果进行保密而是公开。选项B符合题意。

5.判断推理题。根据文章最后一段，“Thispreventedothersfromreviewingtherelevantdataandpointingoutthatproblemsweremoreseriousthangovernmentwaslettingon.”，可知这使得其他人无法审查相关数据，并指出问题比政府所透露的更为严重。可判断出因为政府可以选择对一些有害信息保密，所以牛海绵状脑病在英国的实际情况比政府所透露的情况更为严重。选项D符合题意。

15.单选题

Cigarettesmokehasbeenshowntocontainnumerouscompoundsthatareknowntocause

A

B

cancerinexperimentalanimalsandtheyappeartobestronglylinkedtohumancancer,

C

D

especiallycancerofthelung.

问题1选项

A.Cigarettesmoke

B.areknownto

C.they

D.linked

【答案】C

【解析】考查关系代词。and连接两个并列的定语从句，修饰先行词compounds（化合物）。

试题答案：C;that

16.单选题

Thebadanddampweatherinthehotareawouldenabletheplantstoget（）quickly.

问题1选项

A.decomposed

B.denounced

C.detached

D.deduced

【答案】A

【解析】形容词词义辨析。decomposed已分解的，已腐烂的；denounced公开指责的，公然抨击

的；detached分开的，分离的；deduced推论的，演绎的。根据句中badanddampweather(恶劣潮湿的天气),

theplants与decomposed搭配合理表示“湿热天气使植物很快腐烂”。

17.单选题

Lisa'sfriendshavevaryingcapacitiestocopewiththeaffliction.

问题1选项

A.situation

B.misfortune

C.change

D.affection

【答案】B

【解析】affliction意为苦难，折磨。situation情况，形势，处境；misfortune不幸，灾祸，灾难；change变化，找零；affection喜爱，感情，影响。选项B与之意思相近。

18.单选题

ThereismuchIenjoyaboutthechangingseasons,butmyfavoritetimeisthe（）fromfalltowinter.

问题1选项

A.transmission

B.transformation

C.transition

D.transfer

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项transmission“传动装置；传送；播送”；B选项transformation“转化；转换；改革；变形”；C选项transition“过渡；转变”；D选项transfer“转让；转移；传递；过户”。句意：虽然我对于变化的季节有很多喜欢的地方，但是我最喜欢的时间是从秋天到冬天的过渡。由句意可知C选项正确。

19.单选题

Ifauniondecidedtorepudiateastrike,ithadtowritetoallitsmemberstakingpartinthestriketotellthemthattheunionwouldgivenosupport,and（）theyriskeddismissalwithoutcompensation（）thestrikecontinued.

问题1选项

A.that...when

B.what...if

C.why...when

D.that...if

【答案】D

【解析】语法题。根据题意，可知第一个空格需填入一个引导词，和and前一句中的that从句构成并列关系，作动词tell的宾语，所以填入that引导宾语从句，选项B和C可排除。第二空格引导的从句是前面主句的条件，句意：如果罢工继续下去，他们有被解雇而得不到补偿的风险。选项D符合题意。

20.单选题

Isuggestweputtheschemeintoeffect,foritisquite____.

问题1选项

A.eligible

B.sustainable

C.probable

D.feasible

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.eligible有资格的；合格的B.sustainable（对自然资源和能源的利用）不破坏生态平衡的;合理利用的

C.probable很可能发生（或存在）的D.feasible可行的；行得通的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】句意：我建议我们把这个计划付诸实施，因为它相当……。根据逻辑，前面讲建议计划付诸于现实，那么可知这个计划应该是可行的所以才要实施该计划。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】我建议实施这个计划，因为它是相当可行的。

21.单选题

TheEuropeanParliamenthasbannedtheterms“Miss”and“Mrs”theyoffendfemalemembers.

问题1选项

A.aslongas

B.themoment

C.sothat

D.incase

【答案】D

【解析】考查逻辑关系。aslongas“只要”；themoment“一……就…