考研考博-英语-六盘水师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-六盘水师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeencondemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainstthosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman,Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBandCrespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredecessors(includinghisfather)hadsurnamesinthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,sixofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged(Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretienandKoizumi).Theworld'sthreetopcentralbankers(Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami)areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen(Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht).

Canthismerelybecoincidence?Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfidenceinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

1.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

2.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstthreeparagraphs?

3.The4thparagraphsuggeststhat（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthormeanby’’mostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ”(Lines2-3,Paragraph5)?

5.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?

问题1选项

A.Akindofoverlookedinequality

B.Atypeofconspicuousbias

C.Atypeofpersonalprejudice

D.Akindofbranddiscrimination

问题2选项

A.InbothEastandWest,namesareessentialtosuccess

B.ThealphabetistoblameforthefailureofZoeZysman

C.Customersoftenpayalotofattentiontocompanies’names

D.Someformofdiscriminationistoosubtletorecognize

问题3选项

A.questionsareoftenputtothemoreintelligentstudents

B.alphabeticallydisadvantagedstudentsoftenescapefromclass

C.teachersshouldpayattentiontoalloftheirstudents

D.studentsshouldbeseatedaccordingtotheireyesight

问题4选项

A.Theyaregettingimpatient

B.Theyarenoisilydozingoff

C.Theyarefeelinghumiliated

D.Theyarebusywithwordpuzzles

问题5选项

A.PeoplewithsurnamesbeginningwithNtoZareoftenill-treated

B.VIPsintheWesternworldgainagreatdealfromalphabetism

C.Thecampaigntoeliminatealphabetismstillhasalongwaytogo

D.Puttingthingsalphabeticallymayleadtounintentionalbias

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问“作者提及AAAA汽车与Zodiac汽车的是什么？”。由

第二段第一句“IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageoverZodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.众所周知，在顾客浏览他们的电话薄时，被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势”与第一段第二句“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续繁荣”确定A选项“一种被忽视的不平等”正确；

2.推理判断题。题干询问‘从前三段我们可以推断出什么?’。由第一段中“Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:alphabetism.但是，一个潜伏的形式（即字母顺序主义）继续在繁荣”及第二段中“LesswellknownistheadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZoeZysman不太为人所知的是AdamAbbott（即姓名以字母A开始的人）在生活中相比ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）具有的优势”可知生活中的这种现象常被人忽视，所以D选项“一些形式的歧视太隐约而不易引人注意”正确。A选项“无论在东方还是西方，名字对于成功都是必要的”、B选项“字母表对ZoeZysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）的失败应负责任”和C项“消费者经常很关注公司的名字”均不符合文意，排除。

3.推理判断题。题干询问‘第四段指出…’。由第四段第四句“Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.因此，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出有启发性的问题”确定C选项“教师应该关注自己所有的学生”正确。

4.推理判断题。题干询问‘作者所说的“大多数人都在打盹”是什么意思(第5段第2-3行)?’。由第五段中第三句“Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.求职面试名单、选票、会议发言者和参加人名单都倾向于按字母顺序地被拟定，而它们的接受者却在费力地阅读它们时失去了兴趣。”与第二句“Atuniversitygraduationceremonies在大学毕业的典礼”这个场景的对应确定B选项“他们正在鼾声隆隆地打瞌睡”符合语境，正确。

5.推理判断题。题干询问‘根据文章，下列哪个选项是正确的?’。全文围绕“alphabetism字母顺序主义”论述其带来的各种偏见、歧视和不平等。如被称为AAAA汽车的出租车公司比被称为Zodiac汽车的出租车公司有大的优势，近视的Zysman（即姓名以字母Z开始的人）小学生被困在后排，且很少被问到由那些麻木不仁的老师提出的启发性的问题。”所以D选项“按照字母顺序安放事情可能导致非故意的偏见”正确。

2.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

Manypeoplequestionthestabilityofinternationalmarriages.Thishasalwayspuzzledme,becauseifyoustoptothinkaboutdivorceintheUSforamoment,youwillrecallthatmostofthemarriagesthatbreakuparebetweennative-bornAmericans.CertainlyIamnotawareofanystatisticsshowingahigherpropensitytodivorceinbi-nationalmarriagesthaninthemoreconventionalsort.Iseriouslydoubtthatthereisanymeaningfulrelationbetweenmaritalinstabilityanddifferencesinnationalityinsidemarriages.

Duringeachofthesepassages,howwefeelaboutourwayoflivingwillundergosubtlechangesinfourareasofperception.Oneistheinteriorsenseofselfinrelationtoothers.Asecondistheproportionofsafenesstodangerwefeelinourlives.Athirdisourperceptionoftime.Last,therewillbesomeshiftatthegutlevelinoursenseofalivenessorstagnation.Thesearethehazysensationsthatcomposethebackgroundtoneoflivingandshapethedecisionsonwhichwetakeactions.

Therearelotsofreasonstobeconcerned.Whenleadingpolicy-makersandeconomistsspeakabouttheboomingglobaleconomyandthebenefitsoffreetrade,theytoooftenignorethepeoplewhoarelosingout.TheCEOsofMicrosoftandBoeing,co-chairsoftheSeattleHostCommitteefortheWTOmeeting,areamongthewinners.Buttheformglobalizationhastakenhasincreasedthegapbetweenrichandpoornations.

【答案】

许多人质疑跨国婚姻的稳定性。这种质疑让我觉得疑惑，因为如果你停下来想一想美国的离婚问题，你会想到大多数破裂的婚姻都是土生土长的美国人之间的。当然，我并不认为有任何统计数据可以表明，跨国婚姻比传统婚姻更容易走向离婚。我对婚姻的不稳定和婚姻中的国籍差异之间是否有任何有意义的关系是十分怀疑的。

在这些变化和转折中，我们对生活方式的感受会经历四个感知领域的细微变化。第一，是我们内心对自己和他人的看法。第二，是我们在生活的各种威胁面前所具有的安全感。第三，是我们对时间的感知。最后，是我们对自己的精力和活力的直觉变化。这些都是朦胧的感觉，它们构成了我们生活的基调，并影响着我们采取行动前的各种决定。

这里有很多因素值得关注。当主要的决策者和经济学家们谈到蓬勃发展的全球经济和自由贸易的好处时，他们往往忽视了那些失败者。微软和波音的首席执行官都是赢家，他们将联合担任这次世界贸易组织西雅图会议接待委员会的主席。但已经形成的全球化形式增加了贫富国家之间的差距。

3.翻译题

Aneweraisuponus.Callitwhatyouwill:theserviceeconomy,theinformationage,theknowledgesociety.Italltranslatestoafundamentalchangeinthewaywework.Alreadywe'repartlythere.1.ThepercentageofpeoplewhoearntheirlivingbymakingthingshasfallendramaticallyintheWesternWorldToday.ThemajorityofjobsinAmerica,EuropeandJapan（twothirdsormoreinmanyofthesecountries）areintheserviceindustry,andthenumberisontherise.Morewomenareintheworkforcethaneverbefore.Therearemorepart-timejobs.Morepeopleareself-employed.2.Butthebreadthoftheeconomictransformationcan’tbemeasuredbynumbersalone,becauseitalsoisgivingrisetoabasicnewwayofthinkingaboutthenatureofworkitself.Long-heldconceptsaboutjobsandcareers,theskillsneededtosucceed,eventherelationbetweenindividualsandemployers—allthesearebeingchallenged.

Wehaveonlytolookbehindustogetsomesenseofwhatmaylieahead.3.Noonelookingahead20yearspossiblycouldhaveforeseen,thewaysinsingleinvention,thechip,wouldtransformourworldthankstoitsapplicationsinpersonalcomputers,digitalcommunicationsandfactoryrobots.Tomorrow'sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillfactoryrobots.Tomorrow’sachievementsinbiotechnology,artificialintelligenceorevensomestillunimaginedtechnologycouldproduceasimilarwayofdramaticchanges.4.Butonethingiscertain:informationandknowledgewillbecomeevenmorevital,andthepeoplewhopossessit,whethertheyworkinmanufacturingorservices,willhavetheadvantageandproducethewealth.Computerknowledgewillbecomeasbasicarequirementastheabilitytoreadandwrite.Theabilitytosolveproblemsbyapplyinginformationinsteadofperformingroutinetaskswillbevaluedaboveallelse.

5.Ifyoucastvourmindahead10years,informationserviceswillbepredominant.Itwillbethewayyoudoyourjob.

【答案】1.在今天的西方世界，靠制造东西谋生的人的比例已经大幅下降。美国、欧洲和日本的大多数工作（其中许多国家有三分之二或更多）都在服务业，而且这个数字还在上升。

2.但是，经济转型的广度不能仅用数字来衡量，因为它也正在催生一种思考工作本质的基本新方式。人们长期以来对工作和职业的观念、成功所需的技能，甚至个人与雇主之间的关系都在受到挑战。

3.20年前，没有人能够预见到，由于芯片在个人电脑、数字通信和工厂机器人上的应用，单凭芯片这一发明就能改变我们的世界。

4.有一件事是肯定的:信息和知识将变得更加重要，拥有信息和知识的人，无论是在制造业还是服务业工作，都将拥有优势并创造财富。计算机知识将成为与读写能力一样的基本要求。

5.如果你预测未来10年的发展，信息服务业将占支配地位。它将是你工作的方式。

4.单选题

Accordingtoanthropologists,peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.Even,withextensivetimedevotedtowork,however,bothincomesandstandardsoflivingwerelow.AsincomesroseneartheendoftheIndustrialRevolution,itbecameincreasinglycommontotreatSaturdayafternoonsasahalf-dayholiday.ThehalfholidayhadbecomestandardpracticeinBritainbythe1870’s,butdidnotbecomecommonintheUnitedStatesuntilthe1920’s.

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstthirdofthetwentiethcenturysawtheworkweekmovefrom60hoursperweektojustunder50hoursbythestartofthe19305s.In1914HenryFordreduceddailyworkhoursathisautomobileplantsfrom9to8.In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.

TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodemlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.Adjustmentsinvariousplaces,however,showthatthisstandardisnotimmutable.In1987,forexample,Germanmetalworkersstruckforandreceiveda37.5-hourworkweek;andin1990manyworkersinBritainwona37-hourweek.Since1989,theJapanesegovernmenthasmovedfroma6-toa5-dayworkweekandhassetanationaltargetof1800workhoursperyearfortheaverageworker.TheaverageamountofworkperyearinJapanin1989was2088hoursperworker,comparedto1957fortheUnitedStatesand1646forFrance.

1.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

2.Comparedtopre-industrialtimes,thenumberofhoursintheworkweekinthenineteenthcentury（）.

3.WhatisonereasonforthechangeinthelengthoftheworkweekfortheaverageworkerintheUnitedStatesduringthe1930’s?

4.WhichofthefollowingismentionedasoneofthepurposesoftheFairLaborStandardsActof1938?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasevidencethatthelengthoftheworkweekhasbeendecliningsincethenineteenthcentury?

问题1选项

A.Whypeopleinpre-industrialsocietiesworkedfewhoursperweek

B.WorkingconditionsduringtheIndustrialRevolution

C.Acomparisonofthenumberofhoursworkedperyearinseveralindustries

D.Changesthathaveoccurredinthenumberofhoursthatpeopleworkperweek

问题2选项

A.remainedconstant

B.decreasedslightly

C.increasedsignificantly

D.decreasedsignificantly

问题3选项

A.TheUnitedStatesgovernmentinstituteda35-hourworkweek.

B.LaborstrikesinseveralcountriesinfluencedlaborpolicyintheUnitedStates.

C.Severalcorporationsincreasedthelengthoftheworkweek.

D.Severalpeoplesometimessharedasinglejob.

问题4选项

A.Todiscourageworkersfromaskingforincreasedwages

B.Toallowemployerstosetthelengthoftheworkweekfortheirworkers

C.Toestablishalimitonthenumberofhoursintheworkweek

D.Torestricttradewithcountriesthathadalongworkweek

问题5选项

A.Thehalf-dayholiday

B.UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse

C.HenryFord

D.Germanmetalworkers

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首先将前工业时代的周工时与工业革命时期的周工时进行比较，接着说明了不同年代周工时的变化。故D项“人们每周工作的时长发生了变化”正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干关键词pre-industrialtimes定位到第一段“peopleinpre-industrialsocietiesspent3to4hoursperdayorabout20hoursperweekdoingtheworknecessaryforlife.Moderncomparisonsoftheamountofworkperformedperweek,however,beginwiththeIndustrialRevolution（1760-1840）when10-to-12-hourworkdayswithsixworkdaysperweekwerethenorm.前工业社会的人们每天花3到4个小时，或每周花20个小时做生活所必需的工作。然而，对每周工作量的现代比较始于工业革命（1760年至1840年），当时每周工作6天、每天工作10至12小时是常态。”据此可知19世纪每周的工作时间相比前工业时代有大幅增长。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。由题干定位到第三段“TheDepressionyearsofthe1930havebroughtwiththemthenotionofjobsharingtospreadavailableworkaround;theworkweekdroppedtoamodernlowfortheUnitedStatesof35hours.20世纪30年代的经济大萧条带来了工作分担的概念，使人们可以到处寻找工作;在美国，每周工作时间降至35小时的现代最低点。”可知美国周工时下降的原因是一些人共同分担一个工作。故D项正确。

4.细节事实题。由题干关键词“FairLaborStandardsAct”定位到第三段“In1938theFairLaborStandardsActmandatedaweeklymaximumof40hourstobeginin1940,andsincethattimethe8-hourday,5-dayworkweekhasbeenthestandardintheUnitedStates.1938年，《公平劳动标准法》（FairLaborStandardsAct）规定，从1940年开始，每周工作时间不得超过40小时。从那以后，8小时工作制和5天工作制就成了美国的标准。”由此可知该法案设定每周40小时的工作时间的目的是给美国工人提出的一个工作标准，以此限定每周的工时。故C项正确。

5.细节事实题。文中有关“UnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse”的内容出现在“In1926heannouncedthathenceforthhisfactorieswouldclosefortheentiredayonSaturday.Atthetime,FordreceivedcriticismfromotherfirmssuchasUnitedStatesSteelandWestinghouse,buttheideawaspopularwithworkers.1926年，他宣布从今以后他的工厂将在星期六全天关闭。当时，福特受到了美国钢铁公司（UnitedStatesSteel）和西屋电气公司（Westinghouse）等其他公司的批评，但这个想法受到了工人的欢迎。”由此可知这两个公司不赞成福特周六不上班的想法。故B项不是自19世纪以来周工时削减的证据。答案B。

5.单选题

Duringtheirfirstteachingtrainingyear,thestudentsoftenvisitedlocalschoolforthe（）oflessons.

问题1选项

A.observation

B.investigation

C.inspection

D.examination

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项observation“观察，监视”；B选项investigation“调查；研究”；C选项inspection“检查；视察”；D选项examination“检查；考试”。句意：在他们教师培训的第一年，学生们会经常去当地学校……课程。根据句中teachingtraining教师培训，学生身份会与认真观察这一名词更加相配，examination主要是为减少错误而进行检查。故选A。

6.单选题

Theteacherlaidalotof____onpractice.

问题1选项

A.attention

B.focus

C.emphasis

D.word

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.attention注意B.focus关注

C.emphasis强调D.word词语

【考查点】固定搭配

【解题思路】结合选项推测，原句语义为“这个老师非常重视实践”，原文使用的表达为laidalotof____on。C选项emphasis“强调”符合搭配要求，其常用搭配为put/lay/placeemphasisonsth.“强调/重视某事”。

【干扰项排除】

A选项attention“注意”，常用搭配为pay/draw/attractattentionto，不符合原句搭配；

B选项focus“关注”，常用搭配为thefocusof/onsth.，不符合原句搭配；

D选项word“词语”，不用于原文搭配。

【句意】这个老师非常重视实践。

7.单选题

LastSundayshecametovisitusoutoftheblue.Theitalicizedphrasemeans（）.

问题1选项

A.unexpectedly

B.unhappily

C.untidily

D.unofficially

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项unexpectedly“出乎意料地；意外地”；B选项unhappily“不幸地；遗憾地”；C选项untidily“不整洁地；凌乱地”；D选项unofficially“非正式地；非公认地”。句意：上星期天她突然来看我们。这个斜体短语的意思是……。outoftheblue“突然地，意外地”，与A选项词义相符。

8.单选题

（

）onaclearday,farfromthecitycrowds,themountainsgivehimasenseofinfinite.

问题1选项

A.Ifwalking

B.Walking

C.Whilewalking

D.Whenoneiswalking

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。此句中的主句的主语为mountains，所以逻辑主语和主句主语应不同。故排除A、B、C三项。D项正确。句意：当一个人在晴朗的天气散步时，远离城市喧嚣，山脉会给他一种无限感。

9.单选题

Color-blindpeopleoftenfinditdifficultto（）betweenblueandgreen.

问题1选项

A.separate

B.compare

C.contrast

D.distinguish

【答案】D

【解析】词义辨析题。separate分离；compare比较；contrast对比；distinguish辨别。句意：色盲患者经常很难区分蓝色和绿色。选项D正确。

10.单选题

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

问题1选项

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。brokendown打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。

11.单选题

Itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeone（

）fullyconsciousofhowmuchyouvaluehim. 

问题1选项

A.doyoubecome

B.thenyoubecome

C.thatyoubecome

D.haveyoubecome

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题结构为“Itis+强调部分+(that)其余部分…”强调句，这里强调的是时间状语onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone，剩余的部分是主句，结构不需要倒装。句意为：只有当你差点失去某个人，你才能充分认识到你是多么地在乎他。故选项C正确。

12.单选题

Theairportpolicewho（）thegirlconcludedthatshewasinnocentandhadn’tknownaboutthedrugs.

问题1选项

A.interrogated

B.shrouded

C.ratified

D.muffled

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。interrogate“询问”；shroud“遮蔽”；ratify“批准”；muffle“使声音低沉，裹住，捂住”。句意：机场警察询问了那个女孩，认为她是无辜的，她对毒品一无所知。选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.About12pints.

B.About3pints.

C.About4pints.

D.About7pints.

【答案】A

【解析】W:Itwouldhelpmeifyoucouldgooverlastweekandgivemeanideahowmuchbeerdrankeachevening.

M:Well,letmesee,Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening.

Q:Howmuchbeerdidthemandrinklastweek?

【解析】细节题。男士说：Iwentuptothepub4timeslastweek,anddrankabout3pintseachevening（我上周一共去酒吧4次，每晚喝3品脱啤酒），因此男士上周共喝了12品脱啤酒。

14.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingintoEnglish.

人们都有追求幸福的权利，但对幸福的理解却因人而异。绝大多数人认为幸福来自于健康的身体、愿望的实现和事业有成。正如经常发生的那样，许多人在遇到痛苦时才意识到幸福的真正含义。

【答案】Peoplehavetherighttopursuehappiness,butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentunderstandingofhappiness.Mostpeoplebelievethathappinesscomesfromgoodhealth,wishfulfilmentandsuccessfulcareer.Asitoftenhappens,itisnotuntiltheysufferthatmanypeoplerealizethetruemeaningofhappiness.

15.单选题

Althoughmostbirdshaveonlyanegligiblesenseofsmell,theyhave（）vision.

问题1选项

A.vigorous

B.exact

C.acute

D.vivid

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项vigorous“有力的；精力充沛的”；B选项exact“准确的，精密的；精确的”；C选项acute“敏锐的；激烈的；尖声的”；D选项vivid“生动的；鲜明的”。句意：尽管大多数鸟类只有微不足道的嗅觉，但是它们却有敏锐的视觉。根据句意可知C选项正确。

16.单选题

Mathematicsaswellasothersubjects（

）ascience.

问题1选项

A.was

B.is

C.are

D.belongto

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如其它学科一样，数学是一门科学。

语法题。考查主谓一致。名词+aswellas/nolessthan/but/except/with/like+其他名词做主语吋，谓语与第一个名词一致。Mathematics(数学)为单数，故谓语动词也应该用三单形式。此处是陈述事实,所以时态选用一般现在时。故选B。

17.单选题

Itishardtotellwhetherwearegoingtohaveaboomintheeconomyora（

）.

问题1选项

A.concession

B.submission

C.transmission

D.recession

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项concession“让步，妥协”；B选项submission“屈服，投降，归顺”；C选项transmission“传递，传播”；D选项recession“经济衰退，经济萎缩”。由whether...or...（是……还是……）可知空格处与boom（繁荣）所表示的意思相反，因此选D。句意：很难判断我们将迎来经济的繁荣还是衰退。

18.单选题

Tobe（

）withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.

问题1选项

A.frank

B.pertinent

C.mild

D.vivid

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。tobefrank为固定搭配，意为“老实说，坦率地说”。

句意：坦率地跟你说，我认为你拒绝合作是犯了一个可怕的错误。选项A正确。

19.翻译题

赢家不会让他们的生命局限在自己“理当”成为何种人的观念中。事实上，他们顺应天性行事。所以，他们不会费尽心思地装模作样，故作姿态、玩弄他人。他们十分清楚爱与装爱，傻与装傻，真才实学与故作高深之间的差别。赢家没有必要藏在面具后面掩饰自己。

赢家不害怕独立思考和运用自身的知识，他们既懂得辨别事实与想法，又不会装作通晓一切。他们倾听他人的意见，衡量他人的言论，最后得出自己的判断。尽管赢家懂得尊重和敬佩他人，却不会彻底为他人所限制、摧垮、束缚或吓倒。

【答案】Winnersdonotdedicatetheirlivestoaconceptofwhattheyimaginetheyshouldbe.Infact,theyarethemselvesandassuchdonotusetheirenergyputtingonaperformance,maintainingpretense,andmanipulatingothers.Theyareawarethatthereisadifferencebetweenbeinglovingandactingloving,betweenbeingstupidandactingstupid,betweenbeingknowledgeableandactingknowledgeable.Winnersdonotneedtohidebehindamask.

Winnersarenotafraidtodotheirownthinkingandtousetheirownknowledge.Theycanseparatefromopinionsanddon’tpretendtohavealltheanswers.Theylistentoothers;evaluatewhattheysay,butcometotheirownconclusions.Althoughwinnerscanadmireandrespectotherpeople,theyarenottotallydefined,demolished,bound,orawedbythem.

20.单选题

Iregret（）youthatIcan'tgotoHangzhouforavisitnextSundaywithyou,becauseI'vecaughtabadcold.

问题1选项

A.totell

B.telling

C.tell

D.havingtold

【答案】A

【解析】regrettodosth.指很遗憾要做某事；regretdoingsth.指很遗憾做过某事。根据句意可知,这里指很遗憾的告诉你...nextSunday,事情还没有发生,所以选项A正确。

21.单选题

Shethoughtitcoulddonoharmto（）herescortabit,atleastonhistasteinwines.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.flatter

C.flatten

D.decorate

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项complement“补足；补充”；B选项flatter“奉承；谄媚；使高兴”；C选项flatten“击败；摧毁；使平坦”；D选项decorate“装饰；布置”。句意：她认为，稍微奉承下她的陪同不可能带来害处，至少在奉承其对葡萄酒的品味上不可能带来害处。结合此处语境，B选项正确。

22.单选题

Sinceacirclehasnobeginningorend,theweddingringisacceptedasasymbolof（

）love.

问题1选项

A.successive

B.consecutive

C.eternal

D.insistent

【答案】C

【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项successive“连续的，继承的”；B选项consecutive“连贯的，连续不断的”；C选项eternal“永恒的”；D选项insistent“坚持的，迫切的”。句子的前半句意思是“因为圆没有起点和终点”，后半句是句子的主干部分，of后面由“love爱”组成所有格结构。这里需要填入一个形容词，表示“永远的，永恒的”才符合句子意思，句意为：因为圆没有起点和终点，所以婚戒被当作永恒爱情的象征。故正确答案为C。

23.单选题

Therearetwomethodsoffighting,theonebylaw,theotherbyforce;thefirstmethodisthatofmen,thesecondofbeasts;butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient,onemusthaverecoursetothesecond.Itis,therefore,necessaryforaprincetoknowhowtouseboththebeastandtheman.Thiswascovertlytaughttotherulersbyancientwriters,whorelatehowAchillesandmanyothersofthoseancientprincesweregivenChironthecentaurtobebroughtupandeducatedunderhisdiscipline.

Theparable（寓言）ofthissemi-animal,semi•humanteacherismeanttoindicatethataprincemustknowhowtousebothnaturesandthattheonewithouttheotherisnotdurable.

Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoactasabeast,mustimitatethefox,andtheli-on,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis.Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist.Ifmenwereallgood,thispreceptwouldnotbeagoodone;butastheyarebad,andwouldnotobservetheirfaithwithyou,soyouarenotboundtokeepfaithwiththem.Norhavelegiti-mategroundseverfailedaprincewhowishedtoshowcolorableexcuseforthenonfulfillmentofhispromise.Ofthisonecouldfurnishaninfinitenumberofexamples,andshowhowmanytimespeacehasbeenbroken,andhowmanypromisesrenderedworthless,bythefaithlessnessofprinces,andthosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest.Butitisnecessarytobeabletodisguisethischaracterwell,andtobeagreatfeigneranddissembler,andmenaresosimpleandsoreadytoobeypresentnecessities,thattheonewhodeceiveswillalwaysfindthosewhoallowthem-selvestobedeceived.

1.Thewriterdoesnotbelievethat（）.

2.“Prince”inthepassagedesignates（）

3.Thelionrepresentsthosewhoare（）

4.Thefox,inthepassage,is（）.

5.Thewritersuggeststhatasuccessfulleadermust（

）.

问题1选项

A.thetruthmakesmenfree

B.peoplecanprotectthemselves

C.princesarehuman

D.leadershavetobeconsistent

问题2选项

A.anyoneinpower

B.electedofficials

C.aristocrats

D.sonsofkings

问题3选项

A.tootrusting

B.reliantonforceonly

C.strongandpowerful

D.lackinginforce

问题4选项

A.admiredforhistrickery

B.nomatchforthelion

C.pitiedforhiswiles

D.consideredworthless

问题5选项

A.beprudentandfaithful

B.cheatandlie

C.haveprincipletoguidehisactions

D.followthetruth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理题。第一段指出：butasthefirstmethodisofteninsufficient，onemusthaverecoursetothesecond（只使用第一种方法是不够的，还要使用第二种方法）。D选项“领导者必须始终如一”符合题意。

2.推理题。根据文章推断,“Prince”指代的是A项“任何掌权的人”。

3.推理题。根据题干关键词“lion”定位至第二段:...forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.Thosethatwishtobeonlylionsdonotunderstandthis，由此推测lion仅有力量但不能保护自己免入陷阱。因此B项正确。

4.推理题。根据题干关键词“fox”定位至第二段：Aprince,beingthusobligedtoknowwellhowtoact

asabeast,mustimitatethefox,andthelion,forthelioncannotprotecthimselffromtraps,andthefoxcannotdefendhimselffromwolves.由此可知，狐狸是狡猾的，而且作者对此持肯定态度。因此A项正确。

5.推理题。第二段指出：Therefore,aprudentruleroughtnottokeepfaithwhenbydoingsoitwouldbeagainsthisinterest,andthereasonswhichmadehimbindhimselfnolongerexist…thosethathavebestbeenabletoimitatethefoxhavesucceededbest。因此作者认为，精明的领导者应该向狐狸学习，善于伪装。B项正确。

24.单选题

Theyoungmanlikedthegracefulgirlnexttothedooratthefirstsight;thefeelingis（）,asthegirlsmiledslightlyathim.

问题1选项

A.mutual

B.visible

C.literal

D.inevitable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”；B选项visible“明显的，可见的”；C选项literal“文字的”；D选项inevitable“必然的，不可避免的”。句意：这个年轻人第一眼就喜欢门边那个优雅的姑娘，这种感觉是相互的，因为那女孩对他也微微一笑。根据空格前后两句的意思以及常识，可知男孩喜欢女孩，而女孩也微笑回应，他们互有好感，A选项mutual“相互的，彼此的”意思对应。因此A选项正确。

25.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Theseconddesigninthisgreatcenturies—oldtraditionistoarguethatanyformofpublichelptothepooronlyhurtsthepoor.Itdestroysmorale.Itseducespeopleawayfromgainfulemployment.Itbreaksupmarriages,sincewomencanseekwelfareforthemselvesandtheirchildrenoncetheyarewithouthusbands.

（1）Thereisnoproofofthis—none,certainly,thatcomparesthatdamagewiththedamagethatwouldbeinflictedbythelossofpublicassistance.Still,thecaseismade—andbelieved—thatthereissomethinggravelydamagingaboutaidtotheunfortunate.Thisisperhapsourmosthighlyinfluentialpieceoffiction.

（2）Thethird,andcloselyrelated,designforrelievingourselvesofresponsibility,forthepooristheargumentthatpublic-assistancemeasureshaveanadverseeffectonincentive.Theytransferincomefromthediligenttotheidleandfeckless,thusreducingtheeffortofthediligentandencourag