考研考博-英语-北京工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京工业职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Hotobjectsemit______coldobjectsdo.

问题1选项

A.raysmorethaninfrared

B.raysaremoreinfraredthan

C.morethaninfraredrays

D.moreinfraredraysthan

【答案】D

【解析】考查语法。emit（发出，发射）是及物动词，后面应该加一个宾语，并且需要than来引导比较从句，句意：热物体的红外线辐射比冷物体强。因此只有D项符合条件。

2.单选题

Marybecame（

）homesickandcriticaloftheUnitedStates,soshefledfromherhomeinwestBloomfieldtoherhometowninAustria.

问题1选项

A.completely

B.sincerely

C.absolutely

D.increasingly

【答案】D

【解析】句意:玛丽越来越想家，对美国越来越不满，因此她离开了位于布卢姆菲尔德西部的家,逃往了奥地利的故乡。

考查副词辨析。Completely完全地,彻底地;sincerely真诚地,由衷地;absolutely绝对地,完全地;increasingly越来越多地。因此D符合句意。

3.单选题

Whileadmiringthatthisforecastwas（）uncertain,thescientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

问题1选项

A.anyhow

B.somewhere

C.somewhat

D.anyway

【答案】C

【解析】副词辨析。句意：虽然承认这次预报不确定，但科学家仍警告不要把它当作危言耸听。anyhow总之，无论如何；somewhere在某处，到某处；somewhat有点，稍微；anyway总之，无论如何。因此，C项符合句意。

4.单选题

Heaskedmetolendhimsomemoney,whichIagreedtodo,（）thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek.

问题1选项

A.onoccasion

B.onpurpose

C.oncondition

D.onlyif

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项onoccasion“有时；偶尔”；B选项onpurpose“有目的地，故意地”；C选项oncondition“只要”；D选项onlyif“只要……就……”，引导从句的时候，一般不接that。由本句后半句“thathepaidmebackthefollowingweek”（他下周还给我）可知这是前者借钱的一个条件，“只要”符合此处的语境。句意：他要我借给他一些钱，只要他下周能还给我，我就借给他。因此C选项正确。

5.单选题

Oneofthewrongnotionsaboutscienceisthatmanyscientificdiscoverieshavecomeabout（

）.

问题1选项

A.accordingly

B.accidentally

C.artificially

D.additionally

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项accordingly“照着，相应地，因此”；B选项accidentally“偶然地，意外地，非故意地”；C选项artificially“人工的，人造的”；D选项additionally“此外”。空格处副词修饰动词，B选项符合语境。句意：关于科学的错误观念之一是许多科学发现是偶然发生的。

6.单选题

Thedecision（）,thenextproblemwashowtointroduceanewbudget.

问题1选项

A.beingmade

B.havingmade

C.wasmade

D.havingbeenmade

【答案】D

【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：作了决定以后,

下一个问题是如何引进新的预算。make与thedecision之间为被动关系,

首先排除选项B；后面的句子成分完整,

如果填入选项C的话,

缺少连词,

所以排除。根据句意可知,

应该是先做完决定,

然后再引进预算,

所以这里应该用完成时,

选项D正确。

7.单选题

______inflation,drivenbyrisingfoodandoilcosts,isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest,whoareforcedtospend60to80percentoftheirincomeonfood.

问题1选项

A.Sprouting

B.Surging

C.Spilling

D.Spinning

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项sprout“发芽，长芽”，B项surge“汹涌，起大浪，蜂拥而来”，C项spill“（使）溢出，流出，（东西）倒出”，D项spin“旋转，纺纱，吐丝”。空格处填入的是一个现在分词做inflation“通货膨胀”的定语，根据后面的isstrikinghardestattheworld’spoorest“对世界上最贫穷的人打击最大”可知，surging符合语境，表示“（物价等）激增的”。句意：食品和石油价格上涨导致的通货膨胀对世界上最贫穷的人打击最大，他们被迫将收入的60%到80%花在食品上。因此，该题选择B项正确。

8.单选题

Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.Later,inthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,theinfirmaryseparatedfromthealmshouseandbecameanindependentinstitutionsupportedbylocaltaxmoney.Atthesametime,privatecharityhospitalsbegantodevelop.Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick,sincetherewaslittlethatmedicinecouldactuallydotocureillness,andthemiddleclasswastreatedathomebyprivatephysicians.

Lateinthenineteenthcentury,theprivatecharityhospitalbegantryingtoattractmiddle-classpatients.Althoughthedepressionof1890stimulatedthegrowthofcharitableinstitutionsandanexpandingurbanpopulationbecamedependentonassistance,therewasadeclineinprivatecontributionstotheseorganizationswhichforcedthemtolooktolocalgovernmentforfinancialsupport.Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.

Theadventofprivatehospitalhealthinsurance,whichprovidedmiddle-classpatientswiththepurchasingpowertopayforprivatehospitalservices,guaranteedtheprivatehospitalaregularsourceofincome.Privatehospitalsrestrictedthemselvestorevenue-generatingpatients,leavingthepublichospitalstocareforfilepoor.Althoughpublichospitalscontinuedtoprovideservicesforpatientswithcommunicablediseasesand-outpatientandemergencyservices,theBlueCrossplansdevelopedaroundtheneedsoftheprivatehospitalsandtheinpatientstheyserved.Thus,reimbursementforambulatorycarehasbeenminimalundermostBlueCrossplans,andprovisionofoutpatientcarehasnotbeenamajorfunctionoftheprivatehospital,inpartbecauseprivatepatientscanaffordtopayfortheservicesofprivatephysicians.Additionally,sinceWorldWarII，therehasbeenatremendousinfluxoffederalmoneyintoprivatemedicalschoolsandthehospitalsassociatedwiththem.Further,largeprivatemedicalcenterswithexpensiveresearchequipmentandprogramshaveattractedthebestadministrators,physicians,andresearchers.Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”

56.Accordingtothepassage,theveryfirstprivatehospitals______.

57.Itcanbeinferredthattheauthorbelievesthedifferencesthatcurrentlyexistbetweenpublicandprivatehospitalsareprimarilytheresultof______.

58.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethemostlogicaltopicfortheauthortointroduceinthenextparagraph?

59.Theauthor’sprimaryconcernisto______.

60.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpublichospitalscanbestbedescribedas______.

问题1选项

A.developedfromalmshouseinfirmaries

B.wereestablishedmainlytoservicethepoor

C.weresupportedbygovernmentrevenues

D.providedbettercarethanpublicinfirmaries

问题2选项

A.politicalconsiderations

B.legislativerequirements

C.economicfactors

D.ethicalconcerns

问题3选项

A.Aplantoimprovethequalityofpublichospitals.

B.Ananalysisoftheprofitstructureofhealthinsurancecompanies.

C.Aproposaltoraisetaxesonthemiddleclass.

D.Adiscussionofrecentdevelopmentsinmedicaltechnology.

问题4选项

A.describethefinancialstructureofthehealthcareindustry

B.demonstratetheimportanceofgovernmentsupportforhealth-careinstitutions

C.criticizewealthyinstitutionsforrefusingtoprovideservicestothepoor

D.identifythehistoricalcausesofthedivisionbetweenprivateandpublichospitals

问题5选项

A.contemptuousandprejudiced

B.enthusiasticandsupportive

C.apprehensiveanddistrustful

D.concernedandunderstanding

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:D

【解析】56.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，最早的私立医院……”。文章第一段说到Publicgeneralhospitalsoriginatedinthealmshouseinfirmariesestablishedasearlyascolonialtimesbylocalgovernmentstocareforthepoor.（公立综合医院起源于殖民地时期地方政府为照顾穷人而建立的救济院医务室），由此可知由救济院医务室发展来的是公立医院，而不是私人医院，所以A项“由救济院医务室发展而来”错误；根据第一段最后一句Bothprivateandpublichospitalsprovidedmainlyfoodandshelterfortheimpoverishedsick（私立医院和公立医院主要为贫困病人提供食物和住所）可知，最开始公立医院和私立医院都是为穷人提供服务的，因此B项“主要是为穷人服务而建立的”符合题意；C项“由政府收入支持”文中未提及；D项“提供比公立医院更好的护理”，最初的公立医院和私立医院都是为穷人服务，没有好坏之分，因此D项错误。故该题选B。

57.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“可以推断，作者认为目前公立医院与私立医院之间存在的差异，主要是由于……”。根据文章第二段Sinceprivateinstitutionshadalsolostbenefactors;theybegantochargepatients.Inordertoattractmiddle-classpatients,privateinstitutionsprovidedservicesandamenitiesthatdistinguishedbetweenpayingandnon-payingpatientsandmadethehospitaladesirableplaceforprivatephysicianstotreattheirownpatients.Aspayingpatientsbecamemorenecessarytothesurvivaloftheprivatehospital,thepublichospitalsslowlybecametheonlyplaceforthepoortogettreatment.Bytheendofthenineteenthcentury,citieswerereimbursingprivatehospitalsfortheircareofindigentpatientsandthepublichospitalsremaineddependentonthetaxdollars.（因为私人机构也失去了捐助者；他们开始向病人收费。为了吸引中产阶级患者，私人机构提供了区分付费和非付费患者的服务和设施，使医院成为私人医生治疗自己患者的理想场所。随着付费病人对私立医院的生存变得更加必要，公立医院慢慢成为穷人获得治疗的唯一场所。到19世纪末，城市开始偿还私立医院对贫困病人的护理费用，而公立医院仍然依靠纳税人的钱），这一段详细阐述了私立医院是如何从不收费到收费，并且因为资金的慢慢累积而变得更好，而公立医院一直都依赖于政府的税收，很难发展。所以这是经济因素导致两者的差异，而不是政治，立法或者伦理原因。故A项“政治上的考虑”，B项“立法要求”和D项“伦理关怀”错误，C项“经济因素”符合题意。故该题选C。

58.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】判断推理题。题干意思是“下面哪一项会是作者在下一段中引入的最符合逻辑的主题？”。文章最后两句话说到Asaresultofthegreaterresourcesavailabletotheprivatemedicalcenters,publichospitalshaveincreasingproblemsattractinghighlyqualifiedresearchandmedicalpersonnel.Withthemainstreamofhealthcarefirmlyestablishedintheprivatemedicalsector,thepublichospitalhasbecomea“dumpingground.”（由于私人医疗中心拥有更多的资源，公立医院在吸引高素质的研究人员和医务人员方面面临越来越多的问题。随着主流医疗保健在私营医疗部门的牢固建立，公立医院已成为一个“垃圾场”），根据最后一段讲述了公立医院因为缺少资金找不高素质的医疗研究人员，导致其变成了一个垃圾场，根据逻辑推理，在接下来的文章中，作者极可能就此问题进行分析，并给出如何改进这一问题的方案，所以选择A项“提高公立医院质量的计划”；B项“健康保险公司利润结构分析”，C项“提高中产阶级税收的提案”和D项“对医学技术最近发展的讨论”都与改善公立医院无关。故该题选A。

59.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“作者主要关心的是什么”。全文作者一开始就讲述了公立医院与私立医院的历史发展与变化和直到今天各自如此不同的各种原因，所以D项“找出私立医院和公立医院分离的历史原因”更能概括作者的意图。A项“描述医疗保健行业的财务结构”，过于片面，这只是说了私立医院与公立医院不同的一个方面，不够全面，故不选；B项“证明政府支持保健机构的重要性”，文中作者也没有说过政府支持对医院的重要性，所以B项错误；C项“批评富裕的机构拒绝为穷人提供服务”，作者整个态度是中立的，并没有批评哪一方面的意思，所以C项不选。故该题选D。

60.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】作者态度题。题干意思是“作者对公立医院的态度最好的描述是什么”。作者在全文中对于公立医院的来源于发展都是保持一种客观描述的态度，对公立医院今时今日的处境也表示理解与关心。所以选D项“关心和理解”更符合题意。文中作者并没有表示任何轻蔑或是十分热衷，所以A项“轻蔑和偏见”和B项“热情和支持”均不选；C项“不安和不信任”，文中针对公立医院的服务质量作者没有多做描述，不存在不信任或怀疑；因此该项也不选。故该题选D。

9.单选题

AfricaandSouthAmericanaremovingawayfromeachotherasnewmaterialis（）intothefloorbetweenthem.

问题1选项

A.dejected

B.ejected

C.injected

D.projected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项deject“使……沮丧；使……灰心”；B选项eject“喷射；驱逐，逐出”；C选项inject“注入；注射”；D选项project“计划；发射；放映”。句意：随着新材料被注入到非洲和南美之间的地板上，它们正在相互远离，因此C选项正确。

10.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingtextintoEnglish.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

当科学家希望用一种声音说话时，他们往往会采用一种非常不科学的方式：共识报告。其理念是：将多个专家的知识浓缩为一种能够解决争议、帮助制定政策的单一看法，但是达成这种共识往往违背这些目标，并且会削弱其本欲凸显的权威。专家小组开始会提出许多有价值的原理和建议。然而，形成专家共识的讨论确实在“政治”上的共通性大于其在“科学”上的相同之处。

【答案】Whenscientistswanttospeakwithonevoice,theytendtodosoinaveryunscientificway:consensusreport.Theideaistocondensetheknowledgeofmultipleexpertsintoasingleviewthatcanresolvedisputesandhelppolicymaking.Butreachingsuchaconsensusoftendefeatsthosegoalsandunderminestheauthority.Thepanelwillbeginwithmanyvaluableprinciplesandsuggestions.However,thediscussionsthatformexpertconsensusdohavemoreintercommunitywith“politics”thanwith“science”.

11.单选题

Humansocietiestheworldoverhaveconfrontedthesameexistentialproblemsandhavecometoremarkably（）solutions,differingonlyinsuperficialdetails.

问题1选项

A.identical

B.diverse

C.varied

D.similar

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项identical“完全相同的”；B选项diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；C选项varied“各式各样的”；D选项similar“相似的”。句意：人类社会都会面临同样的生存问题，但都能找到非常相似的解决方案，只是在表面的细节上有所不同。选项D符合语境。

12.单选题

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

问题1选项

A.prevalent

B.turbulent

C.destructive

D.cumulative

【答案】C

【解析】句意:飓风是具有杀伤力的风，其破坏性的力量在于其能够造成的物质损坏。

考查形容词辨析。Prevalent普遍的；流行的；turbulent动乱的；猛烈的；destructive毁灭性的；摧毁性的；cumulative累积的；渐增的。因此C项符合句意。

13.单选题

Forpeoplewithdisabilitiesrecentimprovementshavemadethetheatrefully（

）bywheel-chair.

问题1选项

A.accessible

B.available

C.pertinent

D.transparent

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项accessible“易接近的；可进入的”；B选项available“可获得的；有空的”；C选项pertinent“恰当的；切题的”；D选项transparent“透明的；显然的”。句意：对于残疾人来说，最近的改进使剧院完全可以由轮椅······。此处涉及“剧院”和“轮椅”，显然A选项符合逻辑。

14.单选题

Susanisstudyingalgebraandgeometry,and（）she’stakingmicrocomputerlessons.

问题1选项

A.inamoment

B.inbrief

C.inaddition

D.inconclusion

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。inamoment“立刻，立即”；inbrief“简言之”；inaddition“另外，此外”；inconclusion“总之，最后”。句意：Susan正在学习代数和几何学，此外，她还在学习微型计算机课程。and表示并列关系，代数，几何，微型计算机课程都是并列关系，故C项正确。

15.单选题

Wearedealingwithtwodifferentperspectivesthat（）,intersect,butdon’tseemtoyieldasynthesis.

问题1选项

A.overrun

B.overlap

C.overwork

D.overuse

【答案】B

【解析】句意:我们正在处理有部分重叠、交叉却似乎不能生成综合体的两种不同的透视图。

考查动词辨析。Overrun泛滥，横行，肆虐，多用(时间、钱财等)，超时;overlap部分重叠，部分地同时发生;overwork工作过度;overuse使用……过度（或过久）。由题干中关键信息"intersect交叉”可知“部分重叠”符合。

16.单选题

WhengasstationmanagerRogerRandolphrealizeditwascostinghimmoneyeachtimesomeonefilledupwith$4-a-gallongas,hehungasignonhispumps:“Nomorecreditcards.”HemaybethefirstinWestVirginiatobanplastic,butgasstationoperatorsnationwidearereportingsimilarwoesashigherpricestranslateintohighercreditcardfeesthemanagersmustpay,squeezingprofitsatthepump.“Themoretheybuy,themorewelose,”saidRandolph,whomanagesMr.Ed’sChevroninSt.Albans.“Gaspricesgoup,andourprofitsgodown.”Hiscomplaintstargettheso-calledinterchangefee,apercentageofthesalepricepaidtocreditcardcompaniesoneverytransaction.Thepercentageisfixed,usuallyatjustunder2percent,butthedollaramountofthefeeriseswiththepriceofthegoodsorservices.Asgastops$4agallon,thatpushesfeestoward10centsagallon.Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.

Inagoodmonth,Randolph’ssmalloperationwouldyielda$60profitongasolinesales.Butthat’sbeenburiedassoaringpricesforcedthestationtopayabout$500amonthininterchangefees.“Attheseprices,peoplearen’tmakinganymoney,”saidJeffLenard,spokesmanfortheAlexandria,Va.-basedNationalAssociationofConvenienceStores.“It’sbrutal.”Lenard’sgroupreportsconveniencestorespaidroughly$7.6billionincreditcardfeeslastyear,whilemaking$3.4billioninprofits.

Thecreditcardcompaniessayfeesarejustpartofthecostofdoingbusiness.MasterCardhascappedinterchangefeesforgaspurchasesof$50ormore,saidcompanyspokeswomanSharonGamsin.AcceptingMasterCardalsogivesgasstations“increasedsales,greatersecurityandconvenience,lowerlaborcosts,andspeedfortheircustomersatthepump,”Gamsinsaidinane-mailtoTheAssociatedPress.Visaarguesthatthefeesareoffset“bythetangiblebenefitstostationsandtheircustomers,suchastheabilitytopayatthepump,”thecompanysaidinastatementtotheAP.

1.Whydosomegasstationownersnolongeracceptcreditcards?

2.Whatistheaverageinterchangefeepaidbygasstationowners?

3.Howmuchprofitdoestheaveragegasstationownermakeonagallonofgas?

4.Visabelievesthatallowingcustomerstopaywithacreditcardoffers（）toeveryoneinvolved.

5.Whenprofitsare"shrinking",theyare（）.

问题1选项

A.Theyareafraidofoutdatedcards.

B.Theypreferthe"instantgratification"ofgettingcash.

C.Theyareafraidofcreditfraud.

D.Theydonotwanttopayhighcreditcardfees.

问题2选项

A.About$4.

B.About2%.

C.About$60.

D.11to12cents.

问题3选项

A.About2%.

B.About$4.

C.11to12cents.

D.About$60.

问题4选项

A.tangiblethreats

B.tangiblebenefits

C.uncertainty

D.inconvenience

问题5选项

A.decreasing

B.holdingsteady

C.increasing

D.undulating

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干关键词“nolongeracceptcreditcards”可以定位到文章第一段中“WhengasstationmanagerRogerRandolphrealizeditwascostinghimmoneyeachtimesomeonefiledupwith$4-a-gallongas,hehungasignonhispumps:“Nomorecreditcards.”译为：当加油站经理RogerRandolph发现，在4美元一加仑汽油的情况下，每当有人选择加满时，他都会出现负利润，于是他在加油站挂上了“不支持使用信用卡”的标示，以及“HemaybethefirstinWestVirginiatobanplastic,butgasstationoperatorsnationwidearereportingsimilarwoesashigherpricestranslateintohighercreditcardfeesthemanagersmustpay,squeezingprofitsatthepump.”译为：也许他是西弗吉尼亚州第一位禁止使用信用卡的人，但是全国各地加油站经营者都曾指出过汽油价格的上涨意味着需要支付的信用卡费用更多，因此实际上是对加油站利益的一种压榨。由此可以推断出答案选D。

2.细节事实题。由题干中关键词“averageinterchangefee”可以定位到文章第一段“Thepercentageisfixed,usuallyatjustunder2percent,butthedollaramountofthefeeriseswiththepriceofthegoodsorservices.”译为：这个比率是固定的，通常不超过2%，但是随着商品和服务价格上涨，这部分费用的总量也会增加。可推断出答案选B。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文第一段最后一句“Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.”译为：现在，加油站通常在成本的基础上将每一加仑的汽油加价11-12美分，但是它们的利润正在缩水，甚至出现负利润。由此推断答案选C。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文最后一段中Visaarguesthatthefeesareoffset“bythetangiblebenefitstostationsandtheircustomers,suchastheabilitytopayatthepump”，译为：维萨卡方面称，信用卡交换费是可以与其带给加油站和顾客的实实在在的利益相抵消的，例如在加油站的支付能力。由此可推断出答案选B。

5.词汇题。根据题干关键词“shrinking”定位到文章中第一段最后一句“Nowstations,whichtypicallymarkupgasolineby11to12centsagallon,areseeingprofitsshrinkorevenreverse.”由此可推断出shrink是指利润减少。因此推断出答案选A。

17.单选题

TheannualmeetingoftheWorldEconomicForum,(“WEF”)inDavos,Switzerland,waswellunderwaywhenitofficiallycommenced,earlyonaWednesdayeveninginJanuary,withanaddress,intheCongressHalloftheCongressCenter,byAngelaMerkel,theChancellorofGermany.ShehadalottosayaboutEurope.Someofit—“DowedaremoreEurope?Yes,wedodare”—madethenews.ButoutsidethehallmanyDavosparticipantspaidhernomind.Theyloiteredinvariousloungescarryingonconversationswitheachother.Theytalkedandtalked—asthoughtheyhadn'tbeentalkingallday.Theyhadtalkedwhilesittingonpanelsorwhileskippingpanelsthatothersweresittingon.“HistoricComplexity:HowDidWeGetHere?”“TheCompensationQuestion,”“GlobalRisks2012:TheSeedsofDystopia”:overthecourseoffivedays,amancouldskipmorethantwohundredandfiftysuchsessions.

Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”LarrySummerstoldme.Ahedge-fundmanageroraC.E.O.canpackintoafewdaysthedozensofmeetings—withotherexecutives,withheadsofstateortheirdeputies,withnon-governmentalorganizationswhosephonecallsmightotherwisehavebeenignored—thatitwouldnormallytakemonthstoarrangeandtensofthousandsofGulfstreammilestoattend.Theyconductthesecompressedandoccasionallyfruitfulcouplings,theso-calledbilateralmeetings,eitherinprivateroomsthattheW.E.F.hassetasideforthispurposeorinhotelrooms,restaurants,andhallways.Allthat'smissingisthehourlyrate.

ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.TheCongressCenter,thedaytimehub,isawarrenofinterconnectedlounges,cafes,lobbies,andlecturehalls,withespressobars,juicestations,andstacksofapplesscatteredabout.Theparticipantshavetheirpreferredhoveringareas.Wanderingthecenterinsearchofpeopletotalktowaslikefishingastretchofriver;onecouldobserve,overtime,whichpoolsheldwhichfish,andwhattimesofdaytheylikedtofeed.JamieDimon,runningshoesinhand,neartheespressostandbytheGlobalLeadershipFellowsProgram,inthelateafternoon.FareedZakaria,happilybesieged,intheIndustryPartnersLounge,justbeforelunch.Thelunkerswouldveryoccasionallyemergefromtheirdeepholes(therewererumorsofsecretpassageways)andglidethroughthecrowd,withaidesalongside,likepilotfish.(TheW.E.F.saysthatDavosisanentourage-freezone,butthisdoesn'tseemtoapplytothebiggestofthebigwheels,likeheadsofstate.)Itissaidthatthefasteryouwalkthemoreimportantyouare.

Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.Amust,peoplesaid,withaglint.Iwassuspicious,owingtoanincongruitybetweenthewords“party”and“managementconsulting.”ButthiswasDavos.Theexecutivecheerfullyaddedmetothelist.AMcKinseyforaMerkel:afairtrade.

ThenewcomerhearsrepeatedbitsofDavosadvice.Ridetheshuttle:youmightmeetsomeone.Gotoasessionthatdealswithasubjectyouknownothingabout:youmightlearnsomething.Comenextyear,andtheoneafter,iftheyinviteyouback:youmightbegintounderstand.Everyonesaysthatyoucan'tgetthehangofDavosuntilyou'vebeenthreeorfourtimes.Somanythingsaregoingonatoncethatitisimpossibletodoevenatenthofthem.Youcouldspendtheweekinyourhotelroom,puzzlingoveraplan,wrestlingwithyourdoubtsandregrets,butapersonwhowoulddothisisnotthekindwhowouldbeinvitedtoDavos.

Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.Ontheoutskirtsoftown,threemenarehunchedinthecandlelitcornerofapine-panelledGaststube,discussingmattersofgraveimportance.Youmaythinkyoudon'tcareaboutsuchthings,buttheinklingburrowslikeatapeworm.Theappetiteforadmittancecanbecomeinsatiable.WheneverIpassedthroughtown,Inoticedmeningoodsuitsandsturdyboots,walkingwithintentintheoppositedirection.Whereweretheygoing?TheyduckedintoteashopsorintoMercedessedanswithdarkenedpassengerwindows.“Wheelswithinwheels,”onewomanwhisperedtome.“WhathappensinDavosstaysinDavos,”manypeoplesaid,butevenwhenyou'rethereit'shardtoknowwhatishappeninginDavos.YossiVardi,anIsraelitechinvestorandaneighteen-yearDavosveteran,said,“Whatyouseehere,intheCongressCenter,isjusttwentypercentoftheaction.”

ThereareasmanyDavosesasthereareperceptionsofDavos.Schwabmightusetheterm“stakeholders,”andthestakeholdersmaybepartialtotheword“silos,”butanothertermthatspringstomindwhenyouarethereis“cliques.”Acertainfermentoccurswherethecliquesoverlap,butasoftenasnottheypassinthenight.

1.TheWorldEconomicForum(“WEF”)inDavosisaveryimportantworldeventmainlybecause（

）.

2.“Entouragefreezone”isaveryimportantcharacteristicoftheWEFbecause

（

）.

3.WhenthewriterdescribestheWEFasa“Name-Dropper'sParadise”,thewritermeans

（

）.

4.ThegreatestfearofWEFparticipantsis

（

）.

5.WhenparticipantsattendtheWEFtheyimmediatelyfallinto“cliques”.By“cliques”thewritermeans（

）.

问题1选项

A.theimportantlecturesaboutworldeconomicproblemsbyworldleaders

B.peoplemingle

C.Non-GovernmentalOrganizationcanraisecapitalbymeetingwithgovernmentsandcompanies

D.worldeconomictrendsareestablished

问题2选项

A.participantsarefreefromcompany

B.participantsarefreetoexchangeconfidentialbusinessinformation

C.therearezonesinWEFwhereeveryonecanfreelyattendtomakebusinesscontacts

D.noneoftheabove

问题3选项

A.participantscangivetheirnamecardstoalotofpeopletodevelopbusiness

B.participantscanreferbusinesscontactstootherattendees

C.participantseasilymeetotherattendees

D.participantscaneasilymeetotherparticipantsthroughcommonbusinesscontacts

问题4选项

A.notmakingenoughbusinesscontacts

B.notbeingabletoattendfutureevents

C.beingleftoutoftheloop

D.givingoutbusinesssecrets

问题5选项

A.participantsmeetotherparticipantsthatcanbringbusinessandcansharevaluableinformation

B.participantsmeetotherparticipantswithsharedvaluesandinterests

C.participantsmeetotherparticipantsforacommoncause

D.participantscanmeetotherparticipantswithdifferentinterestsandvalues

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:1.判断推理题。此题可用排除法得出答案。题干意为：为什么说在达沃斯举行的世界经济论坛是一场非常重要的世界大事？A项世界领导人关于世界经济问题的重要演讲文中未提及；C项非政府组织通过与政府及公司会面可以筹集资金，文中也未提及；D项世界经济趋势被建立，这也是文中未提及的。故排除ACD三项。B项人们聚集在一起。Davosis,fundamentally,anexerciseincorporatespeed-dating.“Everyonecomesbecauseeveryoneelsecomes,”及Itisaname-dropper'sparadise.Centralbankers,industrialchiefs,hedge-fundtitans,gloomyforecasters,astrophysicists,monks,rabbis,techwizards,museumcurators,universitypresidents,financialbloggers,virtuousheirs.可知各行各业的人们聚集在一起。故答案选B。

第2题:2.判断推理题。根据题干中的Entouragefreezone定位到第三段ManyDavosparticipantsrarely,ifever,attendevenone.Instead,theyfloataroundintheslackspaces,sittingdowntoonearrangedmeetingafteranother,orelsemakingthemselvesavailableforchanceencounters,eitherwithfriendsorwithstrangerswhomtheywilleverafterbeabletorefertoasfriends.许多达沃斯与会者甚至很少参加达沃斯论坛。相反，他们在空闲的空间里四处游荡，坐下来参加一个又一个安排好的会议，或者让自己随时有机会与朋友或陌生人见面，他们以后可以称他们为朋友。可知Entouragefreezone是指随从人员自由活动区域，在这里人们可以非常自由地结交商业伙伴，故C项正确。AB项文中未提及。答案C。

第3题:3.判断推理题。此题可用排除法。首先由Name-Dropper'sParadise定位到第四段。由IfoundmyselfinconversationwithanewspapercolumnistandanexecutivefromMcKinsey&Company,themanagement-consultingfirm.Thiswasserendipitous,assomanyconversationsinDavosturnouttobe,because,attheurgingofmany,IwassupposedtobeanglingforaninvitationtotheMcKinseyparty,attheBelvedereHotel.作者遇到了一个报刊专栏作家和麦肯锡公司的主管，作者认为这是一个意外收获。第四段开头提到了达沃斯论坛聚集各种名流，所以Name-Dropper'sParadise在这里意为自抬身价者的天堂（在这里很容易遇到许多名人，以此感觉自己身价被抬高了。）故答案选C。AB项文中未提及，D项文中并未提到遇到其他参会者与共同业务联系的关系。答案C。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由第六段Anotheradmonition:nomatterhowmuchyoudo,youwillalwayshavethesensethatsomethingelse,somethingbetter,isgoingonelsewhere.另一条忠告是：无论你做了多少，你总会有这样一种感觉，那就是别处正在发生着一些别的、更好的事情。与A项意思一致，BCD项内容文中均未提及。故答案选A。

第5题:5.语义推测题。由最后一段Schwabmightusetheterm“stakeholders,”andthestakeholdersmaybepartialtotheword“silos,”butanothertermthatspringstomindwhenyouarethereis“cliques.”Acertainfermentoccurswherethecliquesoverlap,butasoftenasnottheypassinthenight.施瓦布可能会使用“利益相关者”这个术语，而利益相关者可能偏爱“粮仓”这个词，但当你在达沃斯时，另一个浮现在脑海中的术语是“拉帮结派”。两个派系相遇时会出现发酵反应，但它们经常发生在夜晚（白天开会）。结合全文可知，达沃斯世界经济论坛的参与者来自各行各业，因此这些“拉帮结派”者并不一定具有共同目的、相同的价值观以及同样的利益。所以ABC选项均可排除，D选项正确。

18.单选题

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