考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-兴义民族师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ipreferhisplantoyours,______itismorepracticalandeasiertobecarriedout.

问题1选项

A.forwhich

B.forthat

C.inwhich

D.inthat

【答案】D

【解析】考查原因状语从句。句意：与你的计划相比，我更喜欢他的计划，因为它更实际，也更容易实施。inthat是固定搭配，意为“因为”，相当于forthereasonthat,because，可用于引导原因状语从句。其他三项不能引导原因状语从句。因此D选项正确。

2.单选题

Aftertheconcert,theclean-upcrewfoundtheground（）withpapers,bottlesandcans.

问题1选项

A.scrubbed

B.used

C.littered

D.dispersed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scrubbed“擦洗；废止；揉搓”；B选项used“用”；C选项littered“乱丢；给……垫褥草；把……弄得乱七八糟；乱扔废弃物”；D选项dispersed“分散；传播”。句意：音乐会结束后，清扫人员发现地上布满包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐。本句表示“包装纸和瓶瓶罐罐被乱扔在地上”，因此C选项正确。

3.单选题

Whenweworryaboutwhomightbespyingonourprivatelives,weusuallythinkabouttheFederalagents.Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.It’sLindaTripp,nottheFBI,whoisfacingchargesunderMaryland’slawsagainstsecrettelephonetaping.It’sourbanks,nottheInternalRevenueService(IRS),thatpassourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.

ConsumeractivistsarepressingCongressforbetterprivacylawswithoutmuchresultsofar.Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.

Asanexampleofwhat’sgoingon,considerU.S.Bancorp,whichwasrecentlysuedfordeceptivepracticesbythestateofMinnesota.Accordingtothelawsuit,thebanksuppliedatelemarketercalledMemberWorkswithsensitivecustomerdatasuchasnames，phonenumbers,bank-accountandcredit-cardnumbers,SocialSecuritynumbers,accountbalancesandcreditlimits.

Withthesecustomerlistsinhand,MemberWorksstarteddialingfordollars-sellingdentalplans,videogames,computersoftwareandotherproductsandservices.Customerswhoaccepteda“freetrialoffer”had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomaticallythroughtheirbankorcredit-cardaccounts.U.S.Bancorpcollectedashareoftherevenues.

Customersweredoublydeceived,thelawsuitclaims.Theydidn’tknowthatthebankwasgivingaccountnumberstoMemberWorks.Andifcustomersasked,theywereledtothinktheanswerwasno.

ThestatesuedMemberWorksseparatelyfordeceptiveselling.Thecompanydeniesthatitdidanythingwrong.Foritspart,U.S.Bancorpsettledwithoutadmittinganymistakes.Butitagreedtostopexposingitscustomerstononfinancialproductssoldbyoutsidefirms.Afewtopbanksdecidedtodothesame.ManyotherbankswillstilldobusinesswithMemberWorksandsimilarfirms.

Andbankswillstillbeminingdatafromyouraccountinordertosellyoufinancialproducts,includingthingsoflittlevalue,suchascreditinsuranceandcredit-cardprotectionplans.

Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.Forexample,nofederallawshields“transactionandexperience”information—mainlythedetailsofyourbankandcredit-cardaccounts.SocialSecuritynumbersareforsalebyprivatefirms.They’vegenerallyagreednottoselltothepublic.Buttobusinesses,thenumbersareanopenbook.Self-regulationdoesn’twork.Afirmmightpublishaprivacy-protectionpolicy,butwhoenforcesit?

TakeU.S.Bancorpagain.Customersweretold,inwriting,that“allpersonalinformationyousupplytouswillbeconsideredconfidential”.ThenitsoldyourdatatoMemberWorks.Thebankevenclaimsthatitdoesn’t“sell”yourdataatall.Itmerely“shares”itandreapsaprofit.Nowyouknow.

1.Contrarytopopularbelief,theauthorfindsthatspyingonpeople’sprivacy（）.

2.Weknowfromthepassagethat（）.

3.Whenthe“freetrial”deadlineisover,you’llbechargedwithoutnoticeforaproductorserviceif（）.

4.Businessesdonotregardinformationconcerningpersonalbankaccountsasprivatebecause_（）_.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat（）.

问题1选项

A.ispracticedexclusivelybytheFBI

B.ismoreprevalentinbusinesscircles

C.hasbeenintensifiedwiththehelpoftheIRS

D.ismainlycarriedoutbymeansofsecrettaping

问题2选项

A.thestateofMinnesotaisconsideringdrawinguplawstoprotectprivateinformation

B.moststatesareturningablindeyetothedeceptivepracticesofprivatebusinesses

C.legislatorsareactingtopassalawtoprovidebetterprivacyprotection

D.lawmakersareinclinedtogiveafreehandtobusinessestoinquireintocustomers’buyinghabits

问题3选项

A.youhappentorevealyourcreditcardnumber

B.youfailtocancelitwithinthespecifiedperiod

C.youfailtoapplyforextensionofthedeadline

D.youfindtheproductorserviceunsatisfactory

问题4选项

A.itisconsidered“transactionandexperience”informationunprotectedbylaw

B.ithasalwaysbeenconsideredanopensecretbythegeneralpublic

C.itssalecanbebroughtundercontrolthroughself-regulation

D.itsrevelationwilldonoharmtoconsumersunderthecurrentprotectionpolicy

问题5选项

A.bankswillhavetochangetheirwaysofdoingbusiness

B.“freetrial”practicewilleventuallybebanned

C.privacyprotectionlawswillsoonbeenforced

D.consumers,privacywillcontinuetobeinvaded

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Buttheprivatesectoroutdoesthegovernmenteverytime.”，私营企业比政府监视得更多，根据最后一句，“It’sourbanks….passourprivatefinancialdatatotelemarketingfirms.”，说明银行将我们的私人财务数据给了电话销售公司。选项B符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Thelegislatorsleantowardlettingbusinesspeopletrackourfinancialhabitsvirtuallyatwill.”，说明立法者倾向于让商业人士随意跟踪我们的财务习惯。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，“…had30daystocancel.Ifthedeadlinepassed,theywerechargedautomatically…”，说明有30天的取消期限，超过期限会自动收费。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第八段，“Youhavealmostnoprotectionfrombusinessesthatuseyourpersonalaccountsforprofit.”，企业用你的私人账户获利，但是你得不到任何保护，“nofederallawshields‘transactionandexperience’information”说明私人账户被认为是不受法律保护的，选项B符合题意。

5.推断题。根据文章第八段，说明没有法律对消费者的隐私给予保护，所以消费者的利益会继续被侵犯。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Youradvicewouldbe（

）valuabletohim,whoisatpresentathiswit'send.

问题1选项

A.extensively

B.exclusively

C.excessively

D.exceedingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。extensively意为“广大地，广泛地”；exclusively意为“唯一地”；excessively意为“过度地”；exceedingly意为“非常，极其”。

句意：你的建议对他来说非常的有价值，他现在是无计可施了。

5.单选题

Windandwatercause（）inrocksandsoil.

问题1选项

A.conversion

B.erosion

C.depression

D.diversion

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项conversion“转变”；B选项erosion“腐蚀”；C选项depression“沮丧；洼地；不景气；忧愁；低气压区”；D选项diversion“令人分心的事物；改道”。句意：风和水让岩石和土壤……。风和水对岩石和土壤有侵蚀作用。因此B选项符合题意。

6.翻译题

Euthanasiaisclearlyadeliberateandintentionalaspectofakilling.Takingahumanlife,evenwithsubtleritesandconsentofthepartyinvolvedisbarbaric.Noonecanjustlykillanotherhumanbeing.(1)Justasitiswrongforaserialkillertomurder,itiswrongforaphysiciantodosoaswell,nomatterwhatthemotivefordoingsomaybe.

Manythinkers,includingalmostallorthodoxCatholics,believethateuthanasiaisimmoral.(2)Theyopposekillingpatientsinanycircumstanceswhatever.However,theythinkitisallright,insomespecialcircumstances,toallowpatientstodiebywithholdingtreatment.TheAmericanMedicalAssociation’spolicystatementonmercykillingsupportsthistraditionalview.Inmypaper“ActiveandPassiveEuthanasia”Iargue,againstthetraditionalview,thatthereisinfactnonormaldifferencebetweenkillingandlettingdie—ifoneispermissible,thensoistheother.

ProfessorSullivandoesnotdisputemyargument;insteadhedismissesitasirrelevant.Thetraditionaldoctrine,hesays,doesnotappealtoordependonthedistinctionbetweenkillingandlettingdie.Therefore,argumentsagainstthatdistinction“leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched”.

Ismyargumentreallyirrelevant?Idon’tseehowitcanbe.(3)AsSullivanhimselfpointsout,nearlyeveryoneholdsthatitissometimesmeaninglesstoprolongtheprocessofdyingandthatinthosecasesitismorallypermissibletoletapatientdieeventhoughafewmorehoursordayscouldbesavedbyproceduresthatwouldalsoincreasetheagoniesofthedying.Butifitisimpossibletodefendageneraldistinctionbetweenlettingpeopledieandactingtoterminatetheirlivesdirectly,thenitwouldseemthatactiveeuthanasiaalsomaybemorallypermissible.

(4)ButtraditionalistslikeProfessorSullivanholdthatactiveeuthanasia—thedirectkillingofpatients—isnotmorallypermissible;so,ifmyargumentissound,theirviewmustbemistaken.Icannotagree,then,thatmyargument“leavethetraditionalpositionuntouched”.

However,Ishallnotpressthispoint.InsteadIshallpresentsomefurtherargumentsagainstthetraditionalposition,concentratingonthoseelementsofthepositionwhichprofessorSullivanhimselfthinksmostimportant.(5)Accordingtohim,whatisimportantis,first,thatweshouldneverintentionallyterminatethelifeofapatient,eitherbyactionoromission,andsecond,thatwemayceaseoromittreatmentofapatient,knowingthatthiswillresultindeath,onlyifthemeansoftreatmentinvolvedareextraordinary.

【答案】1.就像连环杀手杀人是不对的一样，医生杀人也是不对的，不管其杀人的动机是什么。

2.他们反对在任何情况下杀死病人。然而，他们也认为，在某些特殊情况下，允许患者因拒绝治疗而死亡是没有问题的。

3.正如沙利文（Sullivan）自己指出的那样，几乎每个人都认为，延长死亡过程有时是毫无意义的，在这些情况下，让病人死去在道德上是允许的，虽然，他们通过手术可以多活几个小时或者几天，但是这个过程也会增加他们死亡的痛苦。

4.但是像沙利文（Sullivan）教授这样的传统主义者认为主动安乐死——直接杀死病人——在道德上是不允许的；所以，如果我的论点是正确的，那么他们的观点就一定是错误的。

5.根据他的说法，重要的是，首先，我们不应该故意结束一个病人的生命，不管是通过主动安乐死还是停止治疗；其次，明知停止或省略对病人的治疗将导致死亡，只有在涉及的治疗手段非常特殊的情况下，我们才可以这么做。

7.不定项选择题

Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.Aslongaswearereceivingapaycheck,wetoleratethedissatisfaction.Bettertojustplayitsafe.

Butthesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off.Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.Yetmanyofusstrapourselvesintojobsinwhichtheonlyrewardismoney.

Webreedcynicismwhenwetreatourworkasnothingmorethanafinancialequation,anecessitywetolerateinordertoacquirefundstolive,withthehopeofsomehowachievingsuccessandhappinessalongtheway.That’sreallymostofuswanttobehappy.Wespend80,000hoursofourlivesatwork.Yet,weviewhappinessassomethingtobeachieved“outside”ofwork.WehireourselvesoutonMondaythroughFridayand“live”fortheweekends.

Mostofusdidn’tchooseourcareerstofulfillapurposeormission.Onthecontrary,wejustlookedfor“agoodjobwithagoodcompany,”reflectingsuchcriteriaaspay,titleandsecurity.Wereasonedthatifwecould“getafootinthedoor”andworkhard,ourcareerswouldgrowovertime,actually,thatourcareersandworkliveswouldjusthappen“byaccident.”Becauseofthis,manyofushavecareerstodaythatarejust“accidentswaitingtohappen.”Everydaybusinessdecisions,areorganizationplan,anacquisitionbyanothercomply,arelocationoutofthecountryofthecompany,canthrowourworklivesintodanger.Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!

“Hangingon”involvesrisktoo.Forwhenwesacrificepleasureforpay,ourworklacksdignity,usesourenergyand,ultimately,breaksourspirit.Anunhappy,unfulfilledworklifecontributestoanunhappy,unfulfilledpersonallife.Happinessinwork,ashappinessinlove,demandsameasureofrisk.

AuthorMarshaSimetarsuggeststhatifyou“dowhatyoulove,themoneywillfollow.”Certainlythismayseemabitrisky,perhapsidealistic,butitisundoubtedlytruethatpeoplewholovewhattheydofindwaystomakethemostmoney.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphwelearnthat（）

2.Bysayingthat“thesafetynetwepreserverequiresabigtrade-off”(paragraph2,line1)the（）

3.Welearnfromthetextthat（）

4.Accordingtothetext,whenthechangesthrowourworklivesintodanger,wewillusually（）

5.Thepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthetextisto（）

问题1选项

A.fearisoneofthefundamentaldefectsinhumancharacter.

B.peopletendtokeepstableworktoavoidthefearofchanges.

C.thepaycheckmakespeoplefeelsafeabouttheirwork.

D.peoplefeellessfearfulunderanaturalhumancondition.

问题2选项

A.peopleneedtodobusinesswhenmanagingworkandlife.

B.mencanfeelsafewhenreceivingmoney,themajorrewardofjob.

C.safetymeanssacrificingthebalancebetweenmonetaryneedsandhappinessofwork.

D.safetycanbeachievedbymeetingbothourdesireandmonetaryneeds.

问题3选项

A.peoplestrugglebetweentheidealofworkandmonetaryneeds.

B.peopledonothaveasenseofmissionnowadaysbutfancyaboutmoney.

C.happinessandmoneycanbebothachievedduringworkinmostcases.

D.thedevelopmentofourcareerisdoomedtohappen.

问题4选项

A.expressgreatdissatisfactionatthejob.

B.takeanotherworkopportunity.

C.feeluncertainabouttherisk.

D.remainatthepreviousworkposition.

问题5选项

A.persuadepeopletochoosecareerstofulfillapurpose.

B.criticizethephenomenonofworkingformoney.

C.elaboratepeople’sattitudestowardswork.

D.illustratehowtoachievesafetyofworklife.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:段落大意题。“Manyofusarefearfulofmakingchangesinourworklives—fearisanaturalhumancondition.Wefeellessthreatenedwhenwestickwiththefamiliar.”从这句话我们可以得出正确答案为B，说的是人们为了逃避那些改变，会倾向于坚持与我们熟悉的事物相处，因此B正确当选。

第2题:句意理解题。我们可以定位到原文的第二段第二句，“Itoftendeniesustheopportunitytoexperienceworkthatmakesushappy,thatisconsistentwithourdesireswhilestillmeetingourmonetaryneeds.”意思就是“它经常剥夺我们体验能使我们快乐的工作的机会，这样的工作既符合我们的欲望，又能满足我们的金钱需求”，也就是说我们认为的安全网就是用快乐来换钱（工作），也就是C项的意思，牺牲金钱和快乐之间的平衡，C当选。

第3题:细节推断题。“当我们把工作仅仅看作是经济上的平衡时，我们就会滋生犬儒主义，这是我们为了获得生活所需而忍受的必要条件”，这一句就暗示了A选项，说的是人们一直挣扎在理想的工作和金钱的需求中，第三段也给出了这一观点的详细阐述，A正确。

第4题:细节推断题。根据题干定位到第四段，倒数第二句“Butdespitethisuncertainty,someofusstillclingtoourjobs,dissatisfyingastheymaybe.Can’ttakethatrisk!”，意为：但尽管存在这种不确定性，我们中的一些人仍然坚持工作，尽管工作可能并不令人满意。我不能冒这个险！告诉了我们就算是有这种不确定性，我们也不愿意改变自己的工作，答案为D。

第5题:作者意图题。题干问作者写这篇文章的意图何在，我们需要纵观全文回答，其实问的也就是文章的主旨大意，A项不对，文章只是建议人们可以去做自己热爱的事业，而不是一定要达到一个目标；B项也不对，作者是同意人们为了钱而工作的，只是希望人们能有工作又快乐；C项是全文的主要论述对象，全文就是在讲人们对于工作的态度如何，当选；D项无关项。答案为C。

8.单选题

Whatmightdrivingonanautomatedhighwaybelike?Theanswerdependsonwhatkindofsystemisultimatelyadopted.Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard.Thefirstisaspecial-purposelanesystem,inwhichcertainlanesarereservedforautomatedvehicles.Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.

Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.Ifamixedtrafficsystemwaywasinplace,automateddrivingcouldbeginwheneverthedriverwasonsuitablyequippedroads.Ifspecialpurposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp.

Asthedriverapproachedthepointofentryforthehighway,devicesinstalledontheroadsidewouldelectronicallycheckthevehicletodetermineitsdestinationandtoascertainthatithadtheproperautomationequipmentingoodworkingorder.Assumingitpassedsuchtests,thedriverwouldthenbeguidedthroughagateandtowardanautomatedlane.Inthiscase,thetransitionfrommanualtoautomatedcontrolwouldtakeplaceontheentranceramp.Analternativetechniquecouldemployconventionallanes,whichwouldbesharedbyautomatedandregularvehicles.Thedriverwouldsteerontothehighwayandmoveinnormalfashiontoa“transition”lane.Thevehiclewouldthenshiftundercomputercontrolontoalanereservedforautomatedtraffic.(Thelimitationoftheselanestoautomatedtrafficwould,presumably,bewellrespected,becausealltrespasserscouldbeswiftlyidentifiedbyauthorities.)

Eitherapproachtojoiningalaneofautomatedtrafficwouldharmonizethemovementofnewlyenteringvehicleswiththosealreadytraveling.Automaticcontrolhereshouldallowforsmoothmergingwithouttheusualuncertaintiesandpotentialforaccidents.Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravel,thedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel,openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.

1.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattwosystemsofautomatedhighways（

）.

2.Aspecial-purposelanesystemisprobablyadvantageousinthat（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaboutdrivingonanautomatedhighway?

4.Weknowfromthepassagethatacarcanenteraspecialpurposelane（

）.

5.Whendrivinginanautomatedlane.Thedriver（

）.

问题1选项

A.arebeingplanned

B.arebeingmodified

C.arenowinwideuse

D.areunderconstruction

问题2选项

A.itwouldrequireonlyminorchangestoexistinghighways

B.itwouldachievethegreatesthighwaytrafficefficiency

C.ithasalaneforbothautomatedandpartiallyautomatedvehicles

D.itoffersmorelanesforautomatedvehicles

问题3选项

A.Vehiclestravelingonitareassigneddifferentlanesaccordingtotheirdestinations.

B.Acarcanjoinexistingtrafficanytimeinamixedlanesystem.

C.Thedrivershouldinformhiscarcomputerofhisdestinationbeforedrivingontoit.

D.Thedrivershouldsharetheautomatedlanewiththoseofregularvehicles.

问题4选项

A.bysmoothlymergingwithcarsontheconventionallane

B.bywayofarampwithelectroniccontroldevices

C.throughaspeciallyguardedgate

D.afteralltrespassersareidentifiedandremoved

问题5选项

A.shouldharmonizewithnewlyenteringcars

B.doesn’thavetorelyonhiscomputersystem

C.shouldwatchoutforpotentialaccidents

D.doesn’thavetoholdontothesteeringwheel

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段第三句Twodistincttypesareonthedrawingboard（绘图板上有两种不同的类型）可知，这两个系统正在设计中，因此选择A项“正在计划中”。B项“正在修改”，C项“现在被广泛使用”，D项“正在施工中”，均错误。

2.细节事实题。题目问special-purposelanesystem的优势。定位到第一段最后一句Aspecial-purposelanesystemwouldrequiremoreextensivephysicalmodificationstoexistinghighways,butitpromisesthegreatestgainsinfreewaycapacity.（专用车道系统将需要对现有高速公路进行更广泛的物理改造，但它有望最大程度地提高高速公路通行能力），因此B项“它将实现最大的公路交通效率”符合题意。A项“它只需要对现有的公路做一些小的改动”，根据第一段最后一句可知应该是进行广泛的改造，故错误。C项“它有一条自动和半自动车道”和D项“它为自动化车辆提供了更多的车道”，在文中并未体现。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段第一句：Undereitherscheme,thedriverwouldspecifythedesireddestination,furnishingthisinformationtoacomputerinthecaratthebeginningofthetriporperhapsjustbeforereachingtheautomatedhighway.（不论采用哪种设计，司机都需要在其开始行驶时或在到达自动化高速公路前确定要去的目的地，把这个信息输入车上的计算机），因此C“司机在开车上路之前，应该把目的地通知他的汽车电脑”是正确答案。A项“在它上面行驶的车辆根据目的地被分配了不同的车道”，未在文中提及；B项“在混合车道系统中，汽车可以随时加入现有交通”与文章内容相悖，因为原文第二段第二句是onsuitablyequippedroads而不是existingtraffic；D项“驾驶员应与普通车辆共用自动车道”，在第一段第四句Thesecondisamixedtrafficsystem:fullyautomatedvehicleswouldsharetheroadwithpartiallyautomatedormanualdrivencars.（第二个是混合交通系统：全自动车辆将与部分自动或手动驾驶的汽车共享道路），可知D项提到的情况只适用于第二种设计方案，即混合式交通系统。故A、B、D均不是答案。

4.细节事实题。题目询问从文章中我们可得知汽车____进入专用汽车车道。根据文章第二段Ifspecial-purposelaneswereavailable,thecarcouldenterthemandjoinexistingtrafficintwodifferentways.Onemethodwoulduseaspecialonramp...(如果使用专门车道，汽车可以通过两种方式进入车道，汇入已有的车流中。一种方法是使用特别的入口引道……)，B项“通过带有电子控制装置的斜坡”与文章所阐述的观点一致；C项“穿过一扇特别守卫的大门”与文中的观点不符，只有在通过检测后，才能通过此门；A项“通过与常规车道上的车辆平滑合并”和D项“在所有非法闯入者被识别和清除之后”显然与文章的意思不符。

5.细节事实题。题目询问行驶在自动车道上时，司机______。根据文章最后一段Andonceavehiclehadsettledintoautomatedtravelthedriverwouldbefreetoreleasethewheel，openthemorningpaperorjustrelax.（一旦汽车行驶在自动车道上，司机就不必操纵方向盘，而可以打开早报阅读或者放松一下），D项“不必紧握方向盘”与文章的观点相符。文章只是说在进入自动车道时才应该这样做，因此A项“应与新进入的车辆相协调”与文章的意思不符；B项“不必依赖他的电脑系统”和C项“应注意潜在的事故”与文章所陈述的意思相反。

9.单选题

Sofar,thegovernmentofthatcountryliasdone（）nothingtocombatthethreatofnuclearaccidents.

问题1选项

A.perceptibly

B.vitally

C.practically

D.identically

【答案】C

【解析】句意:到目前为止，那个国家的政府事实上没有做任何事情去应对核事故胁。

考查副词辨析。perceptibly显然地，看得出地；vitally紧要地，生死攸关地；practically几乎，事实上；identically同一地，相等地。因此C符合句意。

10.单选题

Afterthefiercequarrel,theybegantohavea（

）loathingforeachother.

问题1选项

A.boring

B.reciprocal

C.friendly

D.standing

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。boring“无聊的；令人厌烦的”；reciprocal“互惠的；相互的”；friendly“友好的；亲切的”；standing“长期存在的”。句意：在那次激烈的争吵后，他们开始相互厌恶。选项B符合题意。

11.单选题

Economicgrowthinvolvesincreasesovertimeinthevolumeofacountry’spercapitagrossnationalproduct(GNP)ofgoodsandservices.Suchcontinuingincreasescanraiseaveragelivingstandardssubstantiallyandprovideastrongerbaseforotherpolicyobjectivessuchasnationaldefense,variouskindsofcapitalinvestments,orpublicwelfareservices.Itisonlyinthelasttwocenturiesthatcontinuedgrowthinlivingstandardshasbeenrealizedforanumberofnow-developedcountries,andthisprocesshasbroadenedinthe20thcenturytoincludeanumberofdevelopingcountries.However,thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries,whilesomeoftheeconomicallypoorestcountrieswerethusfarunabletoestablishaself-sustainingpatternofdevelopment.Italsobecameincreasinglyevidentthattherewereseriousenvironmentalproblemsassociatedwithsometypesofgrowthinproduction.

Thisarticleexaminestherecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment,someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved,andtheattemptsbygovernmentstoplanthesechanges.Twomajorissuesareinvolved.Thefirstiswhyeconomicgrowthoccursmorequicklyinsomecountriesandperiodsthaninothers.Itistheincreaseinthesizeandqualityofthefactorsofproductionthatunderliesgrowth,butcertainforces—innovationsandentrepreneurship,thepartplayedbygovernments,andtheroleofinvestmentasdistinctfromconsumption—deservespecialattention.Avarietyofmodelsofeconomicgrowthgiveexpressiontotheunderstandingoftheseforces.Increasingattentionhasbeenpaidinthesemodelsandinpolicytotheinternationalaspectsofgrowth.Thistrendispartlyareflectionofthegrowinginternationalizationofeconomicactivity.Italsoreflectsanumberofpotentiallydestabilizingchangesintheinternationaleconomythatbecameevidentduringthe1970s.Whiletheprecisenatureoftheireffectsisopentodebate,amongthesechangesshouldbenotedthetransitiontomoreflexibleexchangerates,thesupplyshocksinpetroleumandotherproducts,thegrowthofinternationaldebt,andthedevelopmentofseveralmajorcentersofeconomicpower.

Thesecondissueisthechallengesfacingthelow-incomecountries,namely,tomovefromsubsistencelevelsofpercapitaincometoalevelthatwouldgenerateself-sustaininggrowthandalsotoreducethegapbetweenthemselvesandthehigh-incomecountries.Differencesamongthelowerincomecountrieswarnagainstmakingsweepinggeneralizationsonthedevelopmentprocess,butthreetopicshaveattractedmuchattention.Oneishowfarexistingprivateandpublicorganizationsmustbechangedsoastoinstitutionalizedevelopment.Asecondistheviewthat,particularlyformanufacturesandforsmallermarkets,relianceonimportsubstitutionshouldgivewayfairlyquicklytoexportdevelopment.Thethirdistheimpactofpopulationgrowthonbothdevelopmentandlivingstandards.

62.Accordingtothispassage,theeconomicexpansioninmanydevelopedanddevelopingcountriesdidnotbecomesloweruntil______.

63.Theunderlinedword“erratic”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans______.

64.Thesecondparagraphofthispassageismainlyabout______.

65.Accordingtotheauthorofthisarticle,______.

问题1选项

A.thelasttwocenturies

B.the20thcentury

C.the1980s

D.The1960s

问题2选项

A.consistent

B.unstable

C.Invariable

D.erotic

问题3选项

A.therecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment

B.someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved

C.thegrowinginternationlizationofeconomicactivity

D.thereasonsforthedifferencesineconomicgrowthratesamongdifferentcountriesandperiods

问题4选项

A.economicgrowthreliesmainlyoninnovations

B.anumberofmodelshavefocusedontheglobaleconomicgrowth

C.agreementhasbeenreachedonthenatureofthedestabilizingchangesofthe1970s

D.populationgrowthhasanotableimpactontheenvironment

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】62.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节推理题。题干意思是“根据文章，许多发达国家和发展中国家的经济扩张直到……才变得缓慢”。根据第一段倒数第二句话However,thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries,whilesomeoftheeconomicallypoorestcountrieswerethusfarunabletoestablishaself-sustainingpatternofdevelopment.（然而，在20世纪的第三个25年的时候，对于高收入国家和低收入国家，相对稳定的经济扩张让位于较慢且更不稳定的经济增长，即使一些最贫穷的国家到目前为止还无法建立一种自我维持的发展模式。）可知，在20世纪的第三个25年时，稳定的经济扩张开始让位于发展慢且不稳定的经济增长，所以D项“20世纪60年代”是正确的。A项“过去两个世纪”、B项“20世纪”和C项“20世纪80年代”都错误。因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第一段中下划线的单词erratic最有可能的意思是……”。根据题干关键词定位到第一段倒数第二句thefairlysteadyexpansioninthethirdquarterofthe20thcenturygavewaytoaperiodofslowerandmoreerraticgrowthforbothhigh-andlow-incomecountries…（对于高收入国家和低收入国家，相对稳定的经济扩张让位于一段较慢且更erratic的增长时期……），由givewayto可知，前后为对比关系，前面提到了steady（稳定的），那么后面的erratic与之对应的就是“不稳定的”，故B项“不稳定”正确。A项“一致”、C项“不变的”和D项“性爱的，色情的”都不符合。因此，该题选择B项正确。

64.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章第二段主要是关于……”。第二段第三句提到Thefirstiswhyeconomicgrowthoccursmorequicklyinsomecountriesandperiodsthaninothers.（第一个问题是为什么在一些国家和在不同时期的经济增长比其他国家更快），接着后面的内容都是就这个问题展开的论述，所以D项“不同国家、不同时期经济增长率差异的原因”符合题意。根据第二段前两句Thisarticleexaminestherecordofeconomicgrowthanddevelopment,someexplanationsforthechangesinvolved,andtheattemptsbygovernmentstoplanthesechanges.Twomajorissuesareinvolved.（本文考察了经济增长和发展的记录，对所涉及的变化的一些解释，以及政府计划这些变化的尝试。其中涉及两个主要问题。）可知，经济增长和发展的记录、所涉及的变化的一些解释和政府的一些尝试主要涉及两个问题，而第二段阐述的是第一个问题，所以开头第一句话只是为了引出下面的内容，A项“经济增长和发展的记录”和B项“对所涉及的变化的一些解释”不选。C项“经济活动日益国际化”只是第一个问题中的一部分内容，并不全面。因此，该题选择D项正确。

65.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据作者，……”。由第二段中的Itistheincreaseinthesizeandqualityofthefactorsofproductionthatunderliesgrowth,butcertainforces—innovationsandentrepreneurship,thepartplayedbygovernments,andtheroleofinvestmentasdistinctfromconsumption—deservespecialattention.（生产要素的规模和质量的增加是经济增长的基础，但某些力量，